Motion

Chapter 8
Exercise Questions and answers
1. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter
200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the
displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?
Answer-
Given, diameter of the track (d) = 200m
Therefore, the circumference of the track (π*d) = 200π meters.
Distance covered in 40 seconds = 200π meters
Distance covered in 1 second = 200π/40
Distance covered in 2minutes and 20 seconds (140 seconds) = 140
* 200π/40 meters
= (140*200*22)/(40* 7) meters = 2200 meters
Number of rounds completed by the athlete in 140 seconds = 140/40 =
3.5
Therefore, the final position of the athlete (with respect to the initial
position) is at the opposite end of the circular track. Therefore, the net
displacement will be equal to the diameter of the track, which is 200m.
Therefore, the net distance covered by the athlete is 2200 meters and
the total displacement of the athlete is 200m.
2. Joseph jogs from one end A to the other end B of a straight 300
m road in 2 minutes 30 seconds and then turns around and jogs
100 m back to point C in another 1 minute. What are Joseph’s
average speeds and velocities in jogging (a) from A to B and (b)
from A to C?
Answer-
Given, distance covered from point A to point B = 300 meters
Distance covered from point A to point C = 300m + 100m = 400 meters
Time taken to travel from point A to point B = 2 minutes and 30 seconds
= 150 seconds
Time taken to travel from point A to point C = 2 min 30 secs + 1 min =
210 seconds
Displacement from A to B = 300 meters
Displacement from A to C = 300m – 100m = 200 meters
Average speed = total distance travelled/ total time taken
Average velocity = total displacement/ total time taken
Therefore, the average speed while traveling from A to B = 300/150 ms-
1
= 2 m/s
Average speed while traveling from A to C = 400/210 ms -1= 1.9 m/s
Average velocity while traveling from A to B =300/150 ms -1= 2 m/s
Average velocity while traveling from A to C =200/210 ms -1= 0.95 m/s
3. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for
his trip to be 20 km.h–1. On his return trip along the same route,
there is less traffic and the average speed is 30 km.h–1. What is the
average speed for Abdul’s trip?
Answer-
Distance travelled to reach the school = distance travelled to reach
home = d (say)
Time taken to reach school = t1
Time taken to reach home = t2
therefore, average speed while going to school = total distance travelled/
total time taken = d/t1 = 20 kmph
Average speed while going home = total distance travelled/ total time
taken = d/t2= 30 kmph
Therefore, t1 = d/20 and t2 = d/30
Now, the average speed for the entire trip is given by total distance
travelled/ total time taken
= (d+d)/(t1+t2)kmph = (d+d)/(d/20+d/30)kmph
= 120/5 kmh-1 = 24 kmh-1
Therefore, Abdul’s average speed for the entire trip is 24 kilometers per
hour.
4. A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight
line at a constant rate of 3.0 m s–2 for 8.0 s. How far does the boat
travel during this time?
Answer-
Given, initial velocity of the boat = 0 m/s
Acceleration of the boat = 3 ms-2
Time period = 8s
As per the second motion equation, s = ut + 1/2 at 2
Therefore, the total distance travelled by boat in 8 seconds = 0 + 1/2
(3)(8)2
= 96 meters
Therefore, the motorboat travels a distance of 96 meters in a time frame
of 8 seconds.
5. A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h–1 applies the brakes and
accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5
s. Another driver going at 3 km h–1 in another car applies his brakes
slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed
versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled
farther after the brakes were applied?
Answer-
The speed v/s time graphs for the two cars can be plotted as follows.
The total displacement of each car can be obtained by calculating the
area beneath the speed-time graph.
Therefore, displacement of the first car = area of triangle AOB
= (1/2)*(OB)*(OA)
But OB = 5 seconds and OA = 52 km.h-1 = 14.44 m/s
Therefore, the area of the triangle AOB is given by: (1/2)*(5s)*(14.44ms -
1
) = 36 meters
Now, the displacement of the second car is given by the area of the
triangle COD
= (1/2)*(OD)*(OC)
But OC = 10 seconds and OC = 3km.h-1 = 0.83 m/s
Therefore, area of triangle COD = (1/2)*(10s)*(0.83ms -1) = 4.15 meters
Therefore, the first car is displaced by 36 meters whereas the second
car is displaced by 4.15 meters. Therefore, the first car (which was
traveling at 52 kmph) travelled farther post the application of brakes.
6. Fig 8.11 shows the distance-time graph of three objects A, B and
C. Study the graph and answer the following questions:

(a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest? (b) Are all three ever
at the same point on the road? (c) How far has C travelled when B
passes A? (d) How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?
Answer-
(a) Since the slope of line B is the greatest, B is travelling at the fastest
speed.
(b) Since the three lines do not intersect at a single point, the three
objects never meet at the same point on the road.
(c) Since there are 7 unit areas of the graph between 0 and 4 on the Y
axis, 1 graph unit equals 4/7 km.
Since the initial point of an object C is 4 graph units away from the
origin, Its initial distance from the origin is 4*(4/7)km = 16/7 km
When B passes A, the distance between the origin and C is 8km
Therefore, total distance travelled by C in this time = 8 – (16/7) km =
5.71 km
(d) The distance that object B has covered at the point where it passes
C is equal to 9 graph units.
Therefore, total distance travelled by B when it crosses C = 9*(4/7) =
5.14 km
7. A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity
increases uniformly at the rate of 10 m s-2, with what velocity will it
strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Answer-
Given, initial velocity of the ball (u) = 0 (since it began at the rest
position)
Distance travelled by the ball (s) = 20m
Acceleration (a) = 10 ms-2
As per the third motion equation,
v2 – u2 = 2as
Therefore,
= 2*(10ms-2)*(20m) + 0
v2 = 400m2s-2
Therefore, v= 20ms-1
The ball hits the ground with a velocity of 20 meters per second.
As per the first motion equation,
Therefore, t = (v-u)/a
= (20-0)ms-1 / 10ms-2
= 2 seconds
Therefore, the ball reaches the ground after 2 seconds.
8. The speed-time graph for a car is shown in

(a) Find how far does the car travel in the first 4 seconds. Shade the
area on the graph that represents the distance travelled by the car
during the period. (b) Which part of the graph represents uniform
motion of the car?
Answer-
(a)

The shaded area represents the displacement of the car over a time
period of 4 seconds. It can be calculated as:
(1/2)*4*6 = 12 meters. Therefore the car travels a total of 12 meters in
the first four seconds.
(b) Since the speed of the car does not change from the points (x=6) and
(x=10), the car is said to be in uniform motion from the 6 th to the
10th second.
9. State which of the following situations are possible and give an
example for each of these: (a) an object with a constant
acceleration but with zero velocity (b) an object moving with an
acceleration but with uniform speed. (c) an object moving in a
certain direction with an acceleration in the perpendicular direction.
Answer-
(a) It is possible; an object thrown up into the air has a constant
acceleration due to gravity acting on it. However, when it reaches its
maximum height, its velocity is zero.
(b) it is impossible; acceleration implies an increase or decrease in
speed, and uniform speed implies that the speed does not change over
time
(c) It is possible; for an object accelerating in a circular trajectory, the
acceleration is perpendicular to the direction followed by the object.
10. An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit of radius 42250
km. Calculate its speed if it takes 24 hours to revolve around the
earth.
Answer-
Given, the radius of the orbit = 42250 km
Therefore, circumference of the orbit = 2*π*42250km = 265571.42 km
Time is taken for the orbit = 24 hours
Therefore, speed of the satellite = 11065.4 km.h-1
The satellite orbits the Earth at a speed of 11065.4 kilometers per hour.