Scribd
Upload
5 views

10 Cbse Physics Light Short Notes

The document outlines the principles of light, reflection, and refraction, detailing the properties of mirrors and lenses. It explains the laws of reflection, types of images formed by concave and convex mirrors, and the characteristics of lenses, including their focal lengths and magnification. Additionally, it covers the concepts of refractive index and the power of lenses, providing formulas for calculations related to these optical phenomena.

Uploaded by

varshakushwaha6251
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

10 Cbse Physics Light Short Notes

The document outlines the principles of light, reflection, and refraction, detailing the properties of mirrors and lenses. It explains the laws of reflection, types of images formed by concave and convex mirrors, and the characteristics of lenses, including their focal lengths and magnification. Additionally, it covers the concepts of refractive index and the power of lenses, providing formulas for calculations related to these optical phenomena.

Uploaded by

varshakushwaha6251
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Important Points to be Remember

- Light is the form of energy, which


gives us the sensation of vision.
Retlection of light is the process where
Laws of reflection the incident lioht on asurface is
bounced back into the same meure
G) The incident ray, the
plane. normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray,,all lie in the same
(i1) The angle of
or
incidence is equal to the angle of reflection,
3 Real Li=2r
images can be obtained on a screen whereas virtual
Image formed by a plane mirror is always images cannot be obtained on a screen.
(i) Virtual and erect.
(ii) The size of the image is equal to that of
the object.
(iii) The image formed is as far behind the mirror as the
object is in front of it.
(iv) The image is laterally inverted.
Spherical mirror are of two types :concave mirror and convex mirror.
(i) A concave mirror is one whose reflecting surface is towards the centre of thesphere ofwhich the mirror is a part.
(ii) A convex mirror isone whose reflecting surface is away from the centre of the
sphere of whichthe mirror is
a part.
3 Thepoint on the principal axis at which light rays parallel to the principal axis, after reflection from the mirror,
actually meet or appear to come from, is called the 'principal focus' and the distance of the principal focus from
the pole of the mirror is called the focal length' of the mirror.
For tracing images fomed by spherical mirror we should take any two of thefollowing rays:
)A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will pass through the principal focus in case of aconcave
mirror or appear to diverge from the principal focus in case of a convex mirror.
(i1) A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave mirror or a ray which is directed towards the
principal focus of a convex mirror, after reflection, willbe parallel tothe principal axis.
(iii) A ray passing through the centre of curvature of aconcave mirrOr or directed in the direction of thecentre of
curvature of a convex mirror, after reflection, is reflected back along thesame path.
The image formedby a concave miror is real and inverted but when the object is between pole P and focus F
then image is virtual, erect and magnified. However, the image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual,
erect and smaller than the object.
1 1
Mirror formula, -t

Where u is the object distance, vis the image distance and f isthe focal length.
R
The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature i.e., f =
2
Height of the Image
Magnification m= Height of the Object
Magnification is negative for real images and positive for virtual images.
A concave mirror is used as reflector in opthalmoscope, table lamps, solar cookers,
projection lantern,
search-lights and vehicles headlights. It is also used for shaving.
traffic hal:
used as driver's mirror in trucks, cars, scooters, etc. for looking at the
A convex mirror is
vehicle. ray from its path in passing from one medium tothe other medium is called 'refraction
The bending of the light ray
of light. different speeds in different media.
of light occurs because light travels with
Ihe retraction light in the medium 1s called the refractive indo..
The ratio of speed of light in vacuum or air to the Cspeed of
absolute refractive index) of the medium i.e.,n =
sin i (constant)
According to Snell's law, sin r
medium with respect to the first medium.
This constant is called the refractive index of the second a medium having lowes
A medium having higher value of refractive index is said to be a denser compared to
value of refractive index.
normal and the speed of liob:
When light ray passes from rarer medium to denser medium, it bends towards the
decreased.
speed oflioht
When light ray passes from denser medium to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal and the
increased.
In case of a rectangular glass slab, the refraction takes place at both air-glass interface and glass-air interface. The
emergent ray is parallel to the direction of incident ray.
Lenses are of two types :
(i) Convex or converging lens
(ii) Concave or diverging lens
Convex lens is thick at the middle and thin at the edges.
Concave lens is thin at the middle and thick at the edges.
Optical centre is apoint on the principal axis of the lens through which a ray of light passes undeviated.
Apoint on the principal axis where allthe rays of light parallel to the principal axis meet or appear to meet after
refraction from the lens is called the principal focus of the lens.
The distance of the principal focus from the optical centre of a lens is called its focal length.
Convex lens forms real and inverted image except when the object be placed between focusand optical centre.
Concave lens always formns virtual , erect and smaller image whatever be the position of the object.
Lens formula, 11 1
Put the values of u, vandfwith proper sign in solving the numerical problems. Focal length fof a convex lens 15
positive and focal lengthfof a concave lens is negative.
The magnification m produced by a spherical lens m= Height of the image
Height of the object h
The power of a thin lens is equal to the reciprocal of its focal length measured in metre.
1
i.e., P=
f(metre)
The unit of power is dioptre' and denoted by D
If f= 1 metrethen P=1D.
Thus, power of a lens having 1 mfocal length is 1diopter
The power of a convex lens is positive and that of a concave lens is negative.
If there is a combination of a number of lenses having power P ,P,Pa...etc.
then,
The power of acombination lens, P =P+P + P +Pa...

You might also like