The Magical Magnetism

A. Give one word for the following:

a. Natural magnet: Lodestone
b. Substances attracted by a magnet: Magnetic materials
c. Force of a magnet: Magnetic force
d. Magnets made in industries: Artificial magnets
e. Magnet is named after: Magnesia

B. Answer the following questions in one sentence:

1. Can we isolate the north pole and south pole of a magnet?
Ans: No, it is impossible to isolate the north and south poles of a magnet because every
broken piece of a magnet forms a new magnet with both poles.

2. Are both the poles of a magnet similar?

Ans: No, the two poles of a magnet are different; the north pole and south pole have
opposite magnetic properties and interact differently with other magnets.

3. At which point is the effect of a magnet the strongest?

Ans: The effect of a magnet is strongest at its poles, where the magnetic force is
concentrated.

4. What is a magnetic compass?

Ans: A magnetic compass is a device with a freely suspended magnetic needle that always
aligns in the north-south direction, used for navigation.

5. Where are the magnetic poles of the Earth located?

Ans: The Earth’s magnetic north pole is near the geographic south pole, and the Earth’s
magnetic south pole is near the geographic north pole.

6. Which property of magnets is used in a magnetic compass?

Ans: The directive property of magnets, which causes a freely suspended magnet to align
in the north-south direction, is used in a magnetic compass.

7. How can you make a magnet?

Ans: A magnet can be made by methods like the single-touch method, double-touch
method, electrical method (using electromagnets), or magnetic induction.

8. What happens when a bar magnet is left to move freely?

Ans: A freely suspended bar magnet always aligns itself in the north-south direction due
to Earth's magnetic field.

9. Name an instrument which is used to find directions.

Ans: Magnetic compass

10. Name a natural material which acts like a magnet.

Ans: Lodestone (Magnetite)
11. Name two magnetic materials other than iron and steel.
Ans: Nickel and Cobalt

12. Which of the following are magnetic materials?

Ans:
Magnetic materials: Iron, Steel, Cobalt, Nickel
Non-magnetic materials: Copper, Aluminium, Brass, Gold, Stone, Plastic

13. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both poles of a magnet
although its body is made of plastic. Name a magnetic material that might have been
used to make some part of it.
Ans: Steel or Iron (used in the blade)

14. A heap of metal scrap in a factory contains objects made of copper, aluminium, iron,
zinc, steel, nickel, cobalt, and lead. Which of these can be removed by using a magnet?
Ans: Iron, Steel, Nickel, and Cobalt

15. Which of the following materials are not attracted to a magnet?

Ans: Non-magnetic materials: Aluminium, Copper, Wood

16. What name is given to the two ends of a magnet where the attraction is strongest?
Ans: Magnetic Poles (North Pole and South Pole)

17. What do you use a compass for?

Ans: A compass is used to find directions, as its needle aligns in the north-south direction.

18. A freely suspended bar magnet always aligns itself along a particular direction. Name
this direction.
Ans: North-South direction

19. In which direction does the painted end of the needle of a compass always point?
Ans: Geographic North direction

20. State whether attraction or repulsion will be produced when:

a. N pole is brought near to another N pole. → Repulsion
b. N pole is brought near to S pole. → Attraction
c. Name two magnetic poles which attract each other. North Pole and South Pole
d. Name two magnetic poles which repel each other. North Pole and North Pole / South
Pole and South Pole

21. You are given two similar steel bars, one of which is a magnet. What else would you
require to test which of the given steel bars is a magnet?
Ans: Another magnet (since a magnet will repel one pole of another magnet, but a magnetic
substance will only be attracted).

22. An iron bar A is attracted by a magnet at one end but repelled at the other end. Another
iron bar B is attracted by the magnet at both its ends. Which of the two iron bars, A or
B, could be a magnet?
Ans: Iron bar A could be a magnet because repulsion is the surest test of magnetism.
23. Which of the following are stored in pairs: horseshoe magnets or bar magnets?
 Ans: Bar magnets (stored in pairs with opposite poles facing each other and a wooden block
in between).

24. What keeps the door of a refrigerator tightly closed?

Ans: Magnets in the door lining.

25. A sticker can be stuck to the steel door of a refrigerator or almirah. What does such a
sticker contain?
Ans: A small magnet inside it.

26. Which device can be used to separate iron and steel pieces from a heap of metal scrap
in a factory?
Ans: Electromagnet

27. Name any two items in the home which have magnets in them.
Ans: Refrigerator door, Loudspeaker

28. What does a pin holder contain to make the pins stick to it?
Ans: A small magnet.

29. Which material do you think is common in all the ordinary objects which are attracted
by a magnet?
Ans: Iron or its alloys (like steel)

2. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences in your notebook.

1. Define magnetism.
Ans: Magnetism is the property of matter that causes a force of attraction or repulsion in and
around a material, allowing it to attract magnetic substances like iron, nickel, and cobalt.

2. Name one magnetic and one non-magnetic substance.

Ans:
• Magnetic substance: Iron
• Non-magnetic substance: Wood

3. Name different shapes of artificial magnets.

Ans: Artificial magnets can be in different shapes like bar magnet, horseshoe magnet, disc
magnet, cylindrical magnet, ball-ended magnet, and needle magnet.

4. Give one difference between natural and artificial magnets.

Ans: Natural magnets, like lodestone, occur naturally and have weak magnetic power,
whereas artificial magnets are man-made, stronger, and available in different shapes.

5. What do you mean by demagnetisation of magnets?

Ans: Demagnetisation is the process by which a magnet loses its magnetic properties due
to factors like heating, hammering, dropping, or exposure to alternating current.

6. Which property of magnets is used to find directions?

Ans : The directive property of magnets, which causes a freely suspended magnet to align
in the north-south direction, is used to find directions.
 7. Why are magnetic keepers used to store magnets?
Ans: Magnetic keepers are used to store magnets to prevent self-demagnetisation by
providing a closed magnetic path using soft iron bars.
8. What materials are attracted to magnets?
Ans: Iron, nickel, and cobalt.
9. Name a non-magnetic material.
Ans: Wood.
10. What are the two poles of a magnet called?
Ans: North Pole and South Pole.
11. Why do iron filings stick more at the poles of a magnet?
Ans: The magnetic force is strongest at the poles.
12. In what direction does a freely suspended magnet point?
Ans: North-South direction.
13. What device helps find directions using a magnet?
Ans: Magnetic compass.
14. What is the purpose of the red-painted end of a compass needle?
Ans: It indicates the North direction.
15. What is the Matsya-Yantra?
Ans: An ancient Indian navigation tool similar to a compass.
16. How can you make a simple compass at home?
Ans: Use a sewing needle, cork, and water.
17. What happens when you rotate a compass and let it go?
Ans: It settles back to point North-South.
18. What happens when opposite poles of two magnets are brought close together?
Ans: They attract each other.
19. Which materials are attracted to magnets?
Ans: Iron, nickel, and cobalt.
20. How can you identify the North pole of a magnet?
Ans: It is often labeled "N" or marked with a white dot.
21. What is the result when like poles of magnets are near each other?
Ans: They repel each other.
22. What is a common application of magnets in games?
Ans: Magnetic mazes.
23. How can you lift a steel paper clip from water using a magnet?
Ans: By using a magnet without touching the water.
24. What should you avoid to keep magnets safe?
Ans: Heating, dropping, or hammering them.
25. How can magnets be used to make objects float?
Ans: By using opposing magnetic forces.
26. What type of devices should magnets be kept away from?
Ans: Electronics like mobile phones.
27. What is a compass used for?
Ans: To show direction using a magnetized needle.

C. Answer the following questions in two to three sentences in your notebook.

1. A tailor was stitching a button on his shirt. The needle slipped from his hand and fell on
the floor. How can you help the tailor find the needle?
Ans: I can use a magnet to find the needle. Since the needle is made of iron or steel, it will be
attracted to the magnet, making it easier to locate on the floor.

2. Anu accidentally dropped a pack of wooden toothpicks. She tried to collect the
toothpicks using a magnet. She could not succeed. What could be the reason?
 Ans: The reason Anu could not collect the toothpicks using a magnet is that wood is a non-
magnetic material. Only magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt are attracted to
magnets.

3. What is meant by poles of a magnet?

Ans: The poles of a magnet are the two regions, North Pole and South Pole, where the
magnetic force is the strongest. If a magnet is freely suspended, its north pole points toward
the Earth's north, and the south pole points toward the Earth's south.

4. State the law of attraction and repulsion between two magnets.

Ans: The law of attraction and repulsion states that like poles repel each other, while unlike
poles attract each other. This means the north pole of one magnet repels the north pole of
another magnet but attracts the south pole.

5. What will happen to the poles of a magnet if it is broken in two?

Ans: If a magnet is broken into two pieces, each piece will become a smaller magnet with its
own north and south poles. No matter how many times a magnet is divided, each fragment
will always have both poles.

6. What is a magnet? Of what material are magnets usually made?

Ans: A magnet is a material that can attract iron, nickel, and cobalt due to its magnetic
properties. Magnets are usually made of iron, steel, nickel, or cobalt and can also be created
using alloys like Alnico (aluminum, nickel, and cobalt) or ferrites.

7. Artificial magnets are made in different shapes. Name these shapes and draw their
sketches.
Ans: Shapes of artificial magnets:
• Bar magnet – Rectangular shape, commonly used in experiments.
• Horseshoe magnet – U-shaped, produces a strong magnetic field.
• Disc magnet – Circular, often used in electronic applications.
• Cylindrical magnet – Rod-like shape, used in mechanical setups.
• Ball-ended magnet – Has spherical ends, useful for specific applications.
• Needle magnet – A thin strip of magnetized steel, used in compasses.

8. (a) Two materials attracted by a magnet: Iron, Nickel

(b) Two materials not attracted by a magnet: Wood, Plastic

9. Classification of objects into magnetic and non-magnetic:

Ans:
Magnetic Non-Magnetic
Knife blade Plastic button
Iron nail Aluminium spoon
Safety pin Copper wire
Paper clip Brass utensil
Pencil
 Rubber eraser

10. Some iron nails and screws got mixed with wood shavings. How can you separate them
quickly?
Ans: A magnet can be used to attract the iron nails and screws while leaving behind the non-
magnetic wood shavings. This method is quick and efficient.

11. What happens to magnetic materials near magnets? How would these materials behave?
Ans: Magnetic materials experience a force of attraction near a magnet.
Nickel – Strongly attracted.
(b) Plastic – Not attracted at all.
(c) Iron – Strongly attracted.

12. What happens when the north pole of a magnet is brought near:
Ans: (a)North pole of a freely suspended magnet? → Repulsion occurs (like poles repel).
(b) South pole of a freely suspended magnet? → Attraction occurs (unlike poles attract).

13. What happens if you place two bar magnets of equal size one above the other with their
north poles on the same side?
Ans: Since like poles repel, the magnets will not stay stacked evenly. The top magnet will
move away or slide off due to the repulsive force between the north poles.

14. Are the magnets attracting or repelling each other?

(a) N – S: S – N → Attraction (Unlike poles attract)
(b) N – S: N – S → Repulsion (Like poles repel)
(c) S – N: N – S → Attraction (Unlike poles attract)

15. How should bar magnets be stored? (With a labeled sketch)

Ans:
Bar magnets should be stored in pairs with opposite poles facing each other, separated by
a wooden block.
Two soft iron bars (keepers) should be placed across their ends to maintain magnetism.

16. How is a horseshoe magnet stored? (With a labeled sketch)

Ans: A single soft iron bar should be placed across the two poles to complete the magnetic
circuit and prevent demagnetization.
17. Where do iron filings stick the most on a bar magnet? What does it show?
Ans: Iron filings stick mainly at the two poles of a bar magnet, showing that the magnetic
force is strongest at the poles.

18. How will you show that a steel bar is a magnet?

Ans: To test if a steel bar is a magnet:
Bring another magnet close to it. If the steel bar shows both attraction and repulsion, it is a
magnet.
Repulsion is the surest test, as even non-magnets can show attraction.

19. What are the various ways in which magnets can lose their magnetism?
Ans:
a. Heating a magnet beyond its Curie temperature.
b. Hammering or dropping it repeatedly.
c. Passing alternating current (AC) through a coil wrapped around it.
d. Improper storage without magnetic keepers.

20. (a) Two properties of magnets:

Attractive property: Magnets attract materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Directive property: A freely suspended magnet always points in the north-south direction.
(b) Two uses of magnets:
Navigation – Used in compasses to find directions.
Electric motors and generators – Magnets help in electricity generation.

21. Identify magnetic and non-magnetic substances from the list given below: Iron, Steel,
Nickel, Plastic, Wood, Gold, Copper, Glass, Silver.
Answer:
Magnetic substance Non-magnetic substance
Iron, steel, cobalt, nickel Plastic, wood, paper, copper, glass,
gold, silver

22. Few iron nails and screws got mixed with the wooden shredding while a carpenter was
working with them. How can you help him in getting the nails and screws back from the
scrap without wasting his time in searching with his hands?
Answer: With the help of a magnet we can attract all iron nails and screws and can separate
them from the wooden shredding. As iron nails and screws are magnetic materials and will
get attracted to the magnet, whereas wooden shavings are non-magnetic.
23. It is said that repulsion is a sure test for magnetism. Why is it so?
Answer: To identify the magnet, repulsion (like poles of two magnets repel) is the only test
which will let you know whether the given rod is an iron rod or a bar magnet. Because a
magnet attracts an iron object and unlike poles of magnets also attract each other.

24. Choose magnetic substances from given items:

(i) Rubber
(ii) Alpin
(iii) Nail
(iv) Cotton cloth
(v) Cobalt
(vi) Copper
(vii) Iron
(viii) Gold
Answer: Magnetic substances – (i) Alpin (ii) Nail (v) Cobalt (vii) Iron

25. Are both poles of a magnet similar?

Answer: No, the two poles of a magnet are not similar (alike). Both have different tendency.
The pole that points towards the north is called north-pole while the pole pointing always
towards the south is called south-pole.

26. In which direction does freely suspended magnet rest?

Answer A freely suspended magnet always points in the north-south direction.

27. Mention some important precautions to handle magnets.

Answer
1. Do not heat
2. Do not hammer
3. Do not drop

28. How do the shipmen find the direction even when north pointing pole star is not visible?
Answer: Shipmen during navigation can find the “direction with the help of magnetic needle.

29. Why does a freely suspended magnet always rest in north-south direction?
Answer: A freely suspended magnet always rest in north-south direction because the north-
pole of the magnet lies in the geographic north direction and the south pole of the magnet lies
in the geographic south direction. So it aligns itself in N-S direction.

30. Explain the history of the discovery of magnets, including the role of Magnes in
Magnesia, Greece.
Ans: Magnets were discovered when a Greek shepherd named Magnes found that his iron
stick got stuck to a magnetic rock in Magnesia, Greece. The rock, called lodestone, had
magnetic properties and led to the term "magnetite."

31. Discuss the properties of magnets, including their ability to attract certain materials and
the existence of magnetic poles.
 Ans: Magnets attract materials containing iron, cobalt, and nickel. They have two poles, north
and south, which always exist in pairs. Like poles repel, and unlike poles attract each other.

32. Explain how a magnetic compass works and its significance in navigation.
Ans: A magnetic compass uses a magnetic needle that aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic
field, pointing to the north. This is significant for navigation, as it helps determine directions.

33. Describe the process of turning an iron bar into a magnet artificially using a bar magnet.
Ans: To turn an iron bar into a magnet, rub a bar magnet along its length repeatedly in the
same direction. This aligns the iron atoms, making it magnetic.

34. What precautions should be taken to protect magnets from losing their magnetic
properties, and why is this important?
Ans: Precautions include not dropping, heating, or hammering magnets and keeping magnetic
materials like CDs and mobile phones away. This is important to maintain the magnet's
functionality.

35. What is magnetism?

Ans: Magnetism is a property of materials that allows them to attract or repel certain
substances, mainly iron, nickel, and cobalt. This force is caused by the movement of electrons
within the material, creating a magnetic field. The strongest effects of magnetism are observed
at the poles of a magnet.

36. Give two differences between natural and artificial magnets.

Ans:Natural magnets, like lodestone (magnetite), occur naturally and have weak magnetic
properties. Artificial magnets, such as bar magnets and horseshoe magnets, are made in
industries and have stronger magnetic properties. Artificial magnets can be shaped and
controlled for different uses, whereas natural magnets have irregular forms.

37. Why do magnets have two poles?

Ans: Magnets have two poles (North and South) because their magnetic fields always form
a closed loop. When a magnet is cut into smaller pieces, each piece retains both a north and a
south pole. This is because magnetic dipoles always exist in pairs, and no isolated magnetic
pole (monopole) has been observed.

38. How can you test if a given iron bar is a magnet?

Ans: To test if an iron bar is a magnet, bring another magnet close to it. If the bar is simply a
magnetic material, it will only be attracted to the magnet. However, if the bar is a magnet
itself, it will also show repulsion when like poles come near each other. Repulsion is the
surest test of magnetism.

39. Why do compass needles always point in the north-south direction?

Ans:A compass needle is a small magnet that aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field.
The Earth's geographic north pole is actually its magnetic south pole, which attracts the north
pole of the compass needle. This is why the painted end of the compass needle always points
toward the geographic north.
40. What happens if a magnet is heated or hammered?
Ans: When a magnet is heated beyond a certain temperature (Curie temperature), its atomic
arrangement gets disturbed, and it loses its magnetism. Similarly, hammering disrupts the
alignment of magnetic domains inside the magnet, weakening or completely demagnetizing
it. Both actions cause a loss of magnetic properties.

41. Why are soft iron and steel used differently in making magnets?
Ans: Soft iron is used for temporary magnets because it is easily magnetized but loses
magnetism quickly when the external magnetic field is removed. Steel, on the other hand, is
used for permanent magnets because it retains magnetism for a longer time. Electromagnets
are made using soft iron, while bar magnets are usually made from steel.

42. Why are bar magnets stored with magnetic keepers?

Ans: Bar magnets are stored in pairs with soft iron bars (keepers) placed across their poles
to prevent self-demagnetization. Without keepers, the magnetic field weakens over time due
to the repelling forces of like poles. Proper storage maintains the strength of the magnet.

43. Why does a refrigerator door close tightly on its own?

Ans: Refrigerator doors have rubber-lined magnets in their seals, which create a force that
holds the door shut. This ensures the refrigerator remains airtight, preventing cool air from
escaping and keeping the food fresh.

44. What happens when two bar magnets are placed one above the other with like poles
facing each other?
Ans: When two magnets are placed with like poles facing each other, they repel due to the
law of magnetism. The top magnet may slide off or even levitate slightly if the repulsion is
strong enough. This happens because similar poles always repel.

Give Reasons (3-4 Sentences Each)

45. Why does a magnet lose its magnetism when dropped repeatedly?
Ans: When a magnet is dropped repeatedly, the impact disturbs the alignment of its magnetic
domains inside the material. This misalignment reduces the overall magnetic strength. If
dropped too many times, the magnet may become completely demagnetized.

46. Why are electromagnets preferred over permanent magnets in industries?

Ans: Electromagnets can be switched on and off, making them more versatile than
permanent magnets. Their strength can also be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the
electric current. This makes them ideal for industrial uses like cranes, electric motors, and
medical devices (MRI machines).

47. Why are magnetic poles always found in pairs?

Ans: Magnetic poles always exist in north-south pairs because of the way magnetic fields
are generated. Even if a magnet is broken into smaller pieces, each piece will form its own
north and south pole. This is due to the fundamental nature of magnetism, where isolated
monopoles do not exist.
 48. Why does a magnetic compass not work properly near electronic devices?
Ans: Electronic devices generate electromagnetic fields that interfere with the Earth's natural
magnetic field. These artificial fields cause the compass needle to deviate from the true
north-south direction, making it unreliable for navigation.

49. Why are soft iron pieces placed at the ends of stored magnets?
Ans: Soft iron pieces (keepers) help complete the magnetic circuit and prevent loss of
magnetism. Without these, the free poles of the magnet would repel each other and gradually
weaken the magnetic force.

Value-Based / HOT (Higher Order Thinking) Questions (3-4 Sentences Each)

50. Rohan finds that his compass needle is not pointing north. What could be the possible
reasons?
Ans: Rohan’s compass might be near a strong magnet, an electrical device, or an iron
object, which is disturbing its movement. If the compass itself has become demagnetized
due to heat or impact, the needle may not align correctly. He should move away from such
interferences and check if the compass is working properly.

51. A carpenter accidentally mixed iron nails with wood shavings. Suggest a quick way to
separate them.
Ans: The carpenter can use a magnet to attract the iron nails while leaving behind the wood
shavings. This method is quick, easy, and efficient because iron is magnetic, whereas wood
is not. Using a strong magnet can speed up the process.

52. Your friend says that all metals are attracted to magnets. Do you agree? Why or why
not?
Ans: No, not all metals are attracted to magnets. Only ferromagnetic materials like iron,
nickel, and cobalt are strongly attracted. Other metals like copper, aluminum, gold, and
silver are non-magnetic and do not get attracted to a magnet.

53. Why does a steel spoon not act like a magnet even though it contains iron?
Ans: A steel spoon is not magnetized because the iron molecules inside it are randomly
arranged. For a material to act as a magnet, its magnetic domains must be aligned in one
direction. The spoon can be turned into a magnet by rubbing it with a strong bar magnet.

54. A student brought a small iron rod and a steel rod to school. When tested, the iron rod
lost its magnetism quickly, but the steel rod remained magnetized. Explain why.
Ans: Iron is a soft magnetic material, meaning it gets magnetized and demagnetized quickly.
Steel, on the other hand, is a hard magnetic material that retains magnetism for a longer
time. This is why steel is used to make permanent magnets, while iron is used for
electromagnets.

D. Answer the following questions in three to four sentences:

1. List the properties of a magnet.
Ans:
 • Attractive property: A magnet attracts materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
• Directive property: A freely suspended magnet always aligns in the north-south
direction.
• Law of magnetism: Like poles repel, and unlike poles attract.
• Magnetic poles exist in pairs: Even if a magnet is broken, both pieces will have north
and south poles.

2. How will you test if a piece of a magnetic material is a magnet?

Ans: To test if a piece of magnetic material is a magnet, bring it close to another magnet. If it
is attracted to both poles, it is just a magnetic material. However, if it shows repulsion with
like poles, it is a magnet because repulsion is the surest test of magnetism.

3. Give two differences between temporary and permanent magnets.

Ans:
Permanent magnets retain their magnetism for a long time, while temporary magnets lose
their magnetism when the external magnetic field is removed.
Permanent magnets are made of materials like steel, while temporary magnets are made of
soft iron, which is easy to magnetize and demagnetize.

4. What are the different ways to magnetize a piece of iron or steel?

Ans:
• Single-touch method: Rubbing a permanent magnet in one direction on an iron bar.
• Double-touch method: Using two magnets, starting from the center and stroking
toward opposite ends.
• Magnetic induction: Placing iron close to a strong magnet so that it temporarily
becomes magnetized.
• Electrical method: Winding a coil around iron and passing an electric current through
it (used for making electromagnets).

5. Earth is a huge magnet. Explain with a diagram.

Ans: The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet due to the movement of molten iron and nickel
in its core, creating a magnetic field. The magnetic poles of the Earth are opposite to the
geographic poles, meaning the magnetic north pole is near the geographic south pole and vice
versa. This magnetic field helps in navigation and protects the Earth from solar radiation.

6. What is a magnet? Explain different types of magnets with examples.

Ans: A magnet is a material that generates a magnetic field and attracts materials like iron,
nickel, and cobalt. Magnets are classified into two main types:
(A) Natural Magnets:
• Found naturally in nature, mainly in the form of lodestone (magnetite - Fe₃O₄).
• Weak in strength and irregular in shape.
• Example: Lodestone.
(B) Artificial (Man-Made) Magnets:
• Made by humans using iron, steel, or alloys.
• Can be designed in different shapes and strengths.
 • Examples: Bar magnet, horseshoe magnet, cylindrical magnet, disc magnet, and
electromagnets.
(C) Based on Retentivity (Ability to Retain Magnetism):
1. Permanent Magnets: Retain their magnetism for a long time (e.g., bar magnet,
horseshoe magnet).
2. Temporary Magnets: Lose their magnetism after removing the external magnetic
field (e.g., electromagnets).

7. What are the properties of a magnet? Explain each property with examples.
Ans: Magnets exhibit several important properties:
1. Attractive Property:
o A magnet attracts materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
o Example: Iron filings stick to the poles of a bar magnet.
2. Directive Property:
o A freely suspended magnet always aligns in the north-south direction.
o Example: A compass needle points toward the Earth’s north and south poles.
3. Law of Magnetism (Attraction & Repulsion):
o Like poles repel each other, while unlike poles attract each other.
o Example: The north pole of a magnet repels the north pole of another magnet.
4. Magnetic Poles Always Exist in Pairs:
o Even if a magnet is cut into smaller pieces, each piece will still have a north and
south pole.
o Example: A broken bar magnet will form two smaller magnets, each with its own
poles.
5. Induced Magnetism:
o A magnetic material can become magnetized when placed near a strong magnet.
o Example: An iron nail placed near a magnet temporarily acquires magnetic
properties.

8. How can we make artificial magnets? Describe different methods.

Ans: Artificial magnets can be created using different methods:
1. Single-Touch Method:
• A bar of iron or steel is stroked repeatedly in one direction using a permanent magnet.
• The end where stroking begins becomes the same pole as the rubbing magnet.
2. Double-Touch Method:
• Two magnets are used. The north pole of one and the south pole of another are placed
at the center of the bar.
• Both magnets are rubbed outward towards opposite ends, creating magnetism.
3. Electrical Method (Electromagnets):
• A coil of insulated wire is wound around an iron rod, and an electric current is passed
through the coil.
• The rod becomes magnetized while the current is flowing.
4. Magnetic Induction:
• A piece of iron temporarily becomes a magnet when placed near a strong magnet.
• Example: An iron rod kept near a bar magnet gets attracted and behaves like a magnet.
9. How does a magnetic compass work? Explain its importance.
Ans: A magnetic compass is an instrument used to find directions based on the Earth’s
magnetic field.
Working of a Magnetic Compass:
• It consists of a small, lightweight magnetized needle mounted on a pivot.
• The needle is free to rotate and always aligns itself in the north-south direction due
to the Earth’s magnetic field.
• The compass is marked with directions (North, South, East, and West) to help in
navigation.
Importance of a Magnetic Compass:
1. Used in Navigation: Ancient sailors and modern travelers use it for direction-finding.
2. Helpful in Map Reading: Used by geologists and hikers to orient maps accurately.
3. Essential in Aviation and Defense: Used in aircraft and submarines where GPS may
not work.
10. What are electromagnets? Explain their advantages and applications.
Ans: An electromagnet is a type of temporary magnet made by passing an electric current
through a coil wrapped around a core of soft iron.
Advantages of Electromagnets:
1. Can be Turned On and Off: Electromagnets can be controlled by switching the
current on or off.
2. Stronger than Permanent Magnets: The strength can be increased by increasing the
number of coils or the current.
3. Reversible Polarity: Changing the direction of the current reverses the poles of the
electromagnet.
4. Widely Used in Industries: Used in machines, electric bells, and cranes.
Applications of Electromagnets:
1. Lifting Heavy Loads: Used in scrapyards to lift and separate iron objects.
2. Electric Motors and Generators: Electromagnets help convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
3. Medical Use (MRI Machines): Powerful electromagnets create detailed images of
the human body.
4. Electric Bells and Speakers: Work using electromagnetism to produce sound.

11. How do magnets lose their magnetism? How can we prevent demagnetization?
Ans: A magnet can lose its magnetism due to various reasons:
Causes of Demagnetization:
1. Heating the Magnet: High temperatures disturb the alignment of magnetic
molecules.
2. Hammering or Dropping: Physical shocks cause misalignment of magnetic
domains.
3. Exposing to Alternating Current (AC): AC neutralizes the magnet’s effect.
4. Improper Storage: Leaving magnets without magnetic keepers leads to loss of
strength.
Precautions to Prevent Demagnetization:
1. Store Bar Magnets in Pairs: Opposite poles should face each other with a wooden
block between them.
 2. Use Magnetic Keepers: Soft iron bars should be placed at the ends of stored magnets.
3. Avoid Mechanical Shocks: Do not drop or hammer magnets.
4. Keep Away from Heat and AC Current: High temperatures and alternating currents
weaken magnetism.

12. What are some common uses of magnets in daily life?

Ans: Magnets have a wide range of applications in everyday life:
1. Navigation: Used in compasses to find directions.
2. Household Appliances: Found in refrigerators, speakers, and washing machines.
3. Medical Field: Used in MRI scanners to obtain body scans.
4. Industrial Use: Used in cranes to lift heavy metal objects.
5. Electronics: Hard drives and credit cards have magnetic strips to store data.
6. Security Systems: Used in door locks and anti-theft devices.

13. What are (a) magnetic materials, and (b) non-magnetic materials? Name two magnetic
and two non-magnetic materials.
Ans:
(a) Magnetic Materials:
Magnetic materials are substances that are attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized. These
materials contain iron, nickel, or cobalt.
Examples: Iron, Nickel
(b) Non-Magnetic Materials:
Non-magnetic materials are substances that are not attracted to a magnet and cannot be
magnetized.
Examples: Wood, Plastic

14. What is meant by the poles of a magnet? Where are the poles of a bar magnet located?
Draw a sketch to show the poles of a bar magnet.
Ans:
Poles of a Magnet:
The poles of a magnet are the two regions where the magnetic force is strongest. Every magnet
has two poles:
1. North Pole (N)
2. South Pole (S)
Location of Poles in a Bar Magnet:
In a bar magnet, the poles are located at the two ends, where the magnetic force is the
strongest.
Diagram:
15. You are given a bar magnet whose N and S poles are not marked. Describe briefly how
you would find out which end is the south pole.
Ans:
To find out which end is the south pole of an unmarked bar magnet, follow these steps:
1. Suspend the magnet freely using a thread.
2. Allow it to settle in the Earth's magnetic field.
3. The end that points toward the geographic north is the north pole of the magnet, and
the opposite end is the south pole.
This works because the Earth's magnetic north pole is actually its magnetic south pole,
attracting the north pole of the magnet.

16. What is a compass? Describe the construction of a compass with the help of a labelled
sketch. How is a compass used to find directions?
Ans: Definition: A compass is a device that helps in finding directions using a freely
suspended magnetic needle that aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field.
Construction of a Compass:
• A small, magnetized needle is pivoted at its center so it can rotate freely.
• The needle is enclosed in a circular metal or plastic case with markings for North (N), South
(S), East (E), and West (W).
• A transparent glass/plastic cover protects the needle.
Diagram:

How a Compass is Used to Find Directions:

1. Place the compass on a flat surface.
2. Wait until the needle settles.
3. The red or painted end of the needle points towards the geographic north.
4. Use the compass markings to find East, West, and South accordingly.

17. Describe briefly a method of making a magnet. Draw a labelled sketch to illustrate the
method.
Ans: Single-Touch Method (Making a Magnet Using a Bar Magnet): One simple way to
make a magnet is by the Single-Touch Method:
Steps:
• Take an iron or steel rod that needs to be magnetized.
• Take a strong bar magnet and rub one of its poles along the iron rod in one direction
only (not back and forth).
• Repeat the process 20-30 times using the same end of the bar magnet.
 • The end of the iron rod where stroking starts will become a north pole, and the other
end will become a south pole.

Diagram:
Conclusion:
The iron rod becomes a temporary magnet and can attract small iron objects like paper clips
or nails.
18. Do magnetic poles exist separately like charges? Explain.
Answer
Magnetic poles do not exist separately like positive and negative charges. This means that it
is not possible to isolate a north pole of a magnet from its south pole by cutting the magnet
from the middle. Whenever a bar magnet is cut into two halves, we get two new magnets,
each with its north and south poles. This will continue indefinitely even if extremely small
pieces of bar magnets are obtained. Thus magnetic poles always exist in pairs.

19. Where are the poles of a ring magnet? How will you find this?

Answer
Ring type or circular magnet also has two poles. Its exterior and interior parts act like different
poles.
To find out the nature of the two poles, we suspend circular magnet with a piece of thread.
We bring another magnet near it. Both attract each other. It clearly concludes that one surface
of the circular magnet is attracted but the other surface is repelled by the same pole of the
other magnet.

20. How can you show that unlike poles attract each other while like poles repel each other?
Answer
Suspend a magnet on a stand with the help of a string. Now it rests in N-S directions. Take
another magnet which has been marked NTS on it and bring N-pole of this magnet near the
N-pole of the suspended magnet. You will find that the suspended magnet rotates and moves
away showing that like poles repel each other. The same can be repeated by bringing south-
pole of one magnet near south-pole of suspended magnet.
 Now you must have found that during the above experiment, south-pole comes towards north-
pole and vice versa. It can be repeated by bringing south-pole near a north-pole and north-
pole near south-pole of suspended magnet. You will find that unlike poles attract each other.

21. Manish dipped a bar magnet in a heap of iron filings and pulled it out. He found that
iron filings got stuck to the magnet as shown in the figure. Suddenly magnet get slipped
from his hands and broken in three pieces.

I. Which regions of the magnet have more iron filings sticking to it?
II. What are these regions called?
III. Is broken pieces have some magnetic property?
IV. How many poles three pieces have all together?
Answer
I. The magnet has more iron filings attached to its two ends.
II. Magnets have two poles, namely the North Pole (N) and the South Pole (S). Hence, these
regions are called ‘poles’ of the magnet.
III. Yes, all the three pieces have magnetic property.
IV. Each piece has two poles as before the broken of magnet, so there are ‘Six’ poles.

22. What are the precautions need to be taken while handling a magnet
Answer
When heated, hammered or dropped from a height, magnets tend to lose their properties. They
become weak if they are not stored properly and hence:
• Bar magnets should be stored in pairs separated by a small block of wood and their unlike
poles facing the same side with a soft iron across their ends.
• A piece of iron should be kept across the poles in case of a horse shoe magnet.
• Magnets should be kept away from computers, mobiles, televisions etc.
• Magnets should be handled with care and they should be stored properly.

23. Explain the concept of magnetism and how magnets produce a magnetic field.
Ans: Magnetism is the property of attracting certain materials. Magnets produce a magnetic
field by aligning the spinning electrons in their atoms, creating a field that can attract or repel.

24. Discuss the various types of magnets and their applications in everyday life.
Ans: Various types of magnets include natural magnets, artificial magnets (e.g., horseshoe,
bar, cylindrical), and electromagnets. They are used in compasses, motors, MRI scanners, and
more.

25. Explain the law of magnets, including the behavior of like and unlike poles.
Ans: The law of magnets states that like poles repel each other, and unlike poles attract each
other. This behavior governs the interactions between magnets.
 26. Describe the construction and working principle of a magnetic compass, including its
historical significance.
Ans: A magnetic compass consists of a magnetic needle that aligns with Earth's magnetic
field, pointing north. It is significant for navigation, aiding sailors and explorers throughout
history.

27. Discuss the importance of magnets in modern technology and everyday life, giving
examples of their applications.
Ans: Magnets are vital in modern technology, used in electric motors, MRI machines, credit
card strips, and more. They simplify and improve various aspects of everyday life.

E. Write Differences between:

1. What is the difference between a natural magnet and an artificial magnet?

Natural Magnet Artificial Magnet

Found naturally in the Earth. Made by humans in industries.
Has irregular shape and weak Can be made in different shapes and stronger
magnetism. magnetism.
Example: Lodestone (Magnetite) Example: Bar magnet, Horseshoe magnet

2. How is a permanent magnet different from a temporary magnet?

Permanent Magnet Temporary Magnet

Retains its magnetism for a long time. Loses its magnetism once the external magnetic
field is removed.
Made of materials like steel or Alnico. Made of soft iron (used in electromagnets).
Example: Bar magnet, Horseshoe magnet. Example: Electromagnet in electric bells.

3. What are the differences between magnetic and non-magnetic materials?

Magnetic Materials Non-Magnetic Materials

Attracted by a magnet. Not attracted by a magnet.
Can be magnetized. Cannot be magnetized.
Examples: Iron, Nickel, Cobalt. Examples: Wood, Plastic, Copper.

4. How is an electromagnet different from a permanent magnet?

Electromagnet Permanent Magnet

Magnetic properties exist only when current Always remains magnetized.
flows.
Strength can be increased or decreased. Strength is fixed.
Example: Used in cranes to lift heavy loads. Example: Used in compasses and
refrigerators.
5. What is the difference between a bar magnet and a horseshoe magnet?

Bar Magnet Horseshoe Magnet

Rectangular shape. U-shaped.
Magnetic force is spread out over a larger Magnetic force is concentrated, making it
area. stronger.
Used in science experiments. Used in lifting heavy objects.

6. How are soft iron and steel different in terms of magnetism?

Soft Iron Steel

Easily magnetized and demagnetized. Retains magnetism for a long time.
Used for temporary magnets (e.g., Used for permanent magnets (e.g., bar
electromagnets). magnets).
Example: Core of an electromagnet. Example: Horseshoe magnet.

7. What are the differences between attraction and repulsion in magnets?

Attraction Repulsion
Occurs between opposite poles (N-S). Occurs between like poles (N-N or S-S).
Strong magnetic force pulls objects together. Force pushes objects apart.
Example: North pole of one magnet attracts Example: Two north poles repel each
the south pole of another. other.

8. What is the difference between the north pole and the south pole of a magnet?

North Pole South Pole

Points toward Earth's geographic north. Points toward Earth's geographic south.
Repels another north pole. Repels another south pole.
Attracts the south pole of another magnet. Attracts the north pole of another magnet.

9. Differences between Ferromagnetic, Paramagnetic, and Diamagnetic Substances

Property Ferromagnetic Paramagnetic Diamagnetic
Definition Strongly attracted by Weakly attracted by Weakly repelled by
magnets; can be easily magnets; cannot be magnets; cannot be
magnetized. permanently magnetized. magnetized.
Examples Iron, Nickel, Cobalt Aluminum, Platinum, Copper, Gold,
Manganese Bismuth
Behavior in Strong attraction, retains Weak attraction, loses Weak repulsion, no
Magnetic Field magnetism when external magnetism when external magnetism when
field is removed. field is removed. external field is
removed.
Temperature Loses magnetism above Magnetism decreases with Temperature has
Dependence Curie temperature. rising temperature. negligible effect.
Real-World Used in making Used in magnetic Used in magnetic
Applications permanent magnets, resonance imaging (MRI) levitation and in
 transformers, and and in enhancing reducing magnetic
electromagnets. magnetic fields. fields.

F. Case based Questions

Case 1: Magnetic Discovery
Imagine you are a history enthusiast visiting the town of Magnesia in Greece. While exploring the
area, you stumble upon an ancient manuscript that talks about the discovery of magnets by a Greek
shepherd named Magnes.
Q1: What is the significance of Magnesia in the history of magnets?
Ans: Magnesia is significant because it is the place where magnets were discovered by a Greek
shepherd named Magnes, leading to the naming of magnets after Magnetite.
Q2: Describe the accidental discovery of magnets by Magnes. What type of natural magnet did
he discover?
Ans: Magnes accidentally discovered a natural magnetic rock called lodestone in Magnesia, Greece.
This lodestone had the property of attracting iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Q3: Which ancient Greek shepherd is credited with the accidental discovery of magnets?
(a) Archimedes
(b) Magnes
(c) Magnetite
(d) Lodestone
Ans: (b)
Q4: What property do natural magnets like lodestone possess?
(a) Attracting gold and silver
(b) Repelling iron, nickel, and cobalt
(c) Attracting iron, nickel, and cobalt
(d) Creating electricity when rubbed
Ans: (c)

Case 2: Magnetic Properties

You are a young scientist conducting experiments with magnets. You have observed various
properties of magnets in your lab.
1. Name and explain two properties of magnets mentioned in the study notes.
Ans: Two properties of magnets mentioned are:
• Magnets attract objects made of iron, cobalt, and nickel due to their magnetic fields.
• Magnets have two poles, the north pole (N) and the south pole (S), and like poles repel while
opposite poles attract.
2. How do magnets interact with each other when their poles are brought close together?
Ans: When the poles of two magnets are brought close together, opposite poles attract each other,
and like poles repel each other.
3. What happens when opposite poles of two magnets are brought close together?
(a) They attract each other.
(b) They repel each other.
(c) They become neutral.
(d) They create a spark.
Ans: (a)
4. If you suspend a bar magnet freely and it aligns itself in the north-south direction, which
property of magnets is demonstrated?
(a) Magnetic repulsion
(b) Magnetic attraction
(c) Magnetic poles
(d) Magnetic alignment
Ans: (d)

Case 3: The Magnetic Compass

You are a sailor preparing for a long sea voyage. You rely on a magnetic compass to navigate the
oceans.
1. Explain the construction of a magnetic compass and how it helps sailors find directions.
Ans: A magnetic compass consists of a thin magnetic needle supported on a pivot inside an
airtight box, with the north pole of the needle painted red. It points in the north-south direction,
allowing sailors to find their way by aligning the compass with the dial's directions.
2. What was used as a pointing device to determine directions before the magnetic compass
was invented?
Ans: Before the magnetic compass, an ancient pointing device called the "south pointing fish"
was used to determine directions. The head of this fish pointed towards the south.
3. What is the purpose of the red tip on the north pole of a magnetic compass?
(a) It indicates the south pole.
(b) It helps align the compass.
(c) It attracts the needle.
(d) It warns of danger.
Ans: (b)
4. What ancient pointing device pointed towards the south to determine directions?
(a) Magnetic compass
(b) South pointing fish
(c) North pole marker
(d) Directional needle
Ans: (b)

Case 4: Making Artificial Magnets

You are a student conducting a science experiment to create artificial magnets using a rectangular
iron bar.
1. Describe the process of turning a rectangular iron bar into a magnet using a bar magnet.
Ans: The process involves rubbing a bar magnet over a rectangular iron bar in the same direction
multiple times. This aligns the domains in the iron, making it a magnet.
2. What precautions should you take while creating artificial magnets to ensure they retain
their magnetic properties?
Ans: Precautions include not heating the magnet, not dropping it from heights, and not
hammering it.
3. How can a rectangular iron bar be turned into a magnet?
(a) By heating it to a high temperature
(b) By exposing it to sunlight for a long time
(c) By rubbing a bar magnet over it
 (d) By applying a strong electric current to it
Ans: (c)
4. Which of the following is NOT a precaution to protect magnets from losing their magnetic
properties?
(a) Heating the magnets
(b) Dropping magnets from heights
(c) Hammering magnets
(d) Keeping magnetic items away from magnets
Ans: (a)

Case 5: Magnetic Materials in Daily Life

You are a curious student who has just learned about the magnetic properties of certain materials.
You want to make sure you don't accidentally damage everyday items that contain magnetic material.
1. List some common everyday items that contain magnetic material.
Ans: Common items include CD's, DVD's, debit cards, credit cards, ATM cards, audio and video
cassettes, and mobile phones.
2. Why is it important to keep certain items, such as credit cards and mobile phones, away
from magnets?
Ans: It's important to keep these items away from magnets to prevent damage to the magnetic
stripes or data on these items.
3. Which of the following items typically contains magnetic material?
(a) Glass bottles
(b) Plastic toys
(c) CD's and DVD's
(d) Wooden furniture
Ans: (c)
4. Why should you keep items like credit cards and mobile phones away from magnets?
(a) To prevent them from becoming magnetic
(b) To avoid damaging the magnets
(c) To prevent data loss or damage to the items
(d) To make them work better
Ans: (c)

G. Assertion and Reason based questions: The questions below consists of an assertion and a
Reason. Use the key to choose the appropriate answer.
Q1:
Assertion: Magnet attracts materials like iron, nickel, cobalt are called magnetic materials.
Reason: Materials that are not attracted to magnets are called non-magnetic materials.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
The assertion is correct. Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt are indeed attracted to magnets and
can become magnetized. These materials are termed magnetic materials. The reason is also
correct. Materials that are not attracted to magnets are referred to as non-magnetic materials. Non-
magnetic materials include substances like wood, plastic, and glass, which do not exhibit any
magnetic properties. The reason provided in this case is a correct explanation for the assertion, as
it clarifies the distinction between magnetic and non-magnetic materials.

Q2:

Assertion: Opposite pole of two magnets attract each other where as similar pole repel one
another.
Reason: A freely suspended magnet always aligns in n-s direction.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
The assertion is correct. Opposite poles of magnets do attract each other due to the magnetic
field's nature, while similar poles repel each other.
The reason is correct. A freely suspended magnet, when allowed to rotate without any external
interference, will align itself in the north-south direction. This phenomenon is due to the Earth's
magnetic field, and it helps in determining the geographical north-south directions.
However, the reason provided is not a direct explanation for the assertion. The two statements,
though both correct, are not logically connected in terms of explanation.

Q3:
Assertion: There are two poles of bar magnet only.
Reason: The magnet have north and south pole.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
The assertion is incorrect. A bar magnet indeed has two poles, a north pole and a south pole.
However, it's important to note that there are many types of magnets, and some may have more
than two poles, depending on their configuration.
The reason is correct. A magnet always possesses a north pole and a south pole. This is a
fundamental characteristic of magnets. In this case, the assertion is the incorrect statement, but
the reason is accurate.

Q4:
Assertion: the process of making magnet from iron are artificial method
Reason: There are different shapes of magnet like bar magnet, horsehoe magnet cylindrical
or ball ended magnet.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
The assertion is correct. Making magnets from iron typically involves an artificial process. This
process often includes rubbing the iron object with a magnet or using electric current to induce
magnetism in the iron. The reason is correct. Magnets come in various shapes, including bar
magnets, horseshoe magnets, cylindrical magnets, and ball-ended magnets. These different
shapes serve different purposes and are used in various applications. Furthermore, the reason is a
correct explanation for the assertion. The assertion states that making magnets from iron is an
artificial process, and the reason explains the diversity of magnet shapes that can be artificially
created.
Q5:
Assertion: Magnets always have two poles, North and South.
Reason: The Earth itself acts as a huge magnet with a North and South pole.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b)
It is true that magnets always have two poles and the Earth acts as a huge magnet with a North
and South pole. However, the reason does not explain why magnets have two poles, as it's a
property of magnets not because of the earth.

Q6:
Assertion: Magnetic poles exist in pairs.
Reason: If a magnet is cut into pieces, each piece will have a North and a South pole.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Magnetic poles exist in pairs, that is, they always have both a North and a South pole. If you cut
a magnet in half, you don't get a separate North and South pole. Instead, each half will again have
both a North and a South pole.

Q7:
Assertion: Magnets can attract all types of metals.
Reason: All metals contain iron.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (d)
Magnets do not attract all types of metals. They only attract ferromagnetic materials like iron,
nickel, and cobalt. Not all metals contain iron.

Q8:
Assertion: Like poles of magnets repel each other.
Reason: Magnetic fields of like poles push against each other.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)
Like poles of magnets (North-North or South-South) do repel each other. This occurs because
the magnetic fields of like poles push against each other.

Q8:
Assertion: The magnetic field is the strongest at the poles of a magnet.
Reason: The magnetic lines of force are most concentrated at the poles.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (d)
The magnetic field is indeed the strongest at the poles of a magnet. This is because the magnetic
lines of force are most concentrated at the poles.