AI IN DAILY LIFES

AI’s applications in terms of smart cities, smart schools and smart homes

Smart City: A smart city is a city that plans, design and manages its needs and services using
technology and AI in a smart way. A Smart city uses technologies like IoT (Internet of Things)
enabled Devices, Video Cameras, social media and Artificial Intelligence etc.

A smart city offers:

 Improved transportation and accessibility
 Improved social services and inclusion
 Sustainability
 Interactive control and voice to its citizens

Benefits of Smart City:

 Making more effective and Data-based Decisions
 Better Transport Services
 Safer Communities
 Efficient public Services
 Reduction of environment footprint
 New Economic development opportunities
 Inclusion
 Infrastructure Improvement

Disadvantages of Smart Cities:

 Very limited Privacy
 Social Control
 Excessive Dependency on Network

Smart School: A smart school is a school which uses modern technology along with AI to manage all
functional components of a school.

Advantages of Smart School:

 Increased interaction
 24x7 Connectivity
 More Interactive Teaching Resources
 Hands on Approach
 Flexible
 Predictive monitoring of Student progress
 Preventive Monitoring of Student Progress
 Increased faith

Disadvantages of Smart School:

 Costly
 Scope of manipulation
 Excessive dependency on Network

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 SMART HOME: It is a network of hardware, communication. Electronic interfaces coupled with AI
based algorithms to integrate everyday devices with one another via internet and gives its users
a remote control over devices at home and enhanced security features.

Components of Smart Home:

Sensors: Device capable of identifying gestures and converts them into electrical form. These
can monitor daylight, temperature, motion detection

Controllers: Smart devices to send and receive information such as PC, tablets, smartphones

Actuators: Devices that controls the actual mechanism or function such as switches, motors
valves etc which can be activated by the commands of Controllers.

Features of a Smart Home:

 Fire and Carbon Monoxide monitoring

 Smart Lighting
 Remote lighting control
 Appliance Control
 Thermostat control
 Alarm System
 Real-time text and email alerts
 Keyless entry
 Voice-activated control
 Live Video Surveillance
 Home automation security systems and cameras

Ch-2: Future years with AI-Smart Gadgets and homes

The Internet of Things (IoT): The Internet of Things (IoT) is the concept of
networking devices which communicate over Internet to share data and signals in
order to execute the required tasks accomplished.
Imagine the possibilities!
The platform of the IoT provides an environment where sensors embedded in the
devices communicate with each other. Each device is either programmed or, in
future, AI-enabled to decide what to do with the data and how to use data to train
itself (with the help of machine & deep learning) for executing the same task in a
better way in future.

IoT Gadgets
By 2020, more than 20 billion devices would be on IoT. IoT devices, appliances and
equipment fall

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Some popular IoT devices are:
• Google Home Voice Controller and Amazon Echo Plus to control digital
equipment like TV, music system etc.
• Smart doorbell camera that has AI that recognises your guests.
• Smart locks operable through mobile app.
• Mobile robots that help in small domestic chores.
• Universal Remote Controller to control all devices at home.
• Smart mirror that shows notifications as you do your hair.
• Smart watches that track your fitness workout and health data, talks to your
phone and shows notifications.
• Car that can figure the location of the nearest fuel station, scan and sense
obstructions, knows the preferred route to home and office.

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AI and UN Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable development: It is the development that meets the needs of present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability is the goal of
sustainable development.

The UN Agenda 2030 has 17 SDGs with 169 targets to be achieved.

Impact of AI on Sustainable Development Tools

Ai is contributing towards accelerated achievement of UN’s Sustainable Development Goals as

explained below:

SDG 1 No Poverty:

Techniques like satellite mapping and data analysis of poverty and allocating
resources in real-time based on the outcome.

SDG 2 Zero Hunger:

AI based predictive analysis from imaging with automated drones and satellites can
increase agricultural productivity.

SDG 3 Good health and Well Being:

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 AI based preventive healthcare programs and diagnostics significantly improve
leading to new scientific breakthroughs.

SDG 4 Quality education:

Techniques and methods like Virtual, Augmented resources, intelligent mentoring of

Students and responsive personalized learning.

SDG 5 Gender Equality:

AI tools and technologies along with data analysis help identify gender bias,
and proper action. AI tools allow automated and augmented tasks, thus
empowering women for better contribution in society.

SDG 6 Clean water and sanitation:

Modern age AI tools along with the IoT can timely analyze the sanitation and
consumption patterns. This analysis leads to better sanitation and safe
water consumption.

SDG 7 Affordable and clean energy:

This goal allows providing green energy in all forms and is greatly helped through AI
based real-time analysis for the same.

SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth:

AI tools and AI augmentation along with intelligent devices can help the workers in
significantly increased productivity, improving work environment and economic-
growth.

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SDG 9 Industry innovation and Infrastructure:

Modern day hybrid manufacturing technology incorporates technologies like AI, IoT
sensors, 4D printing there by leading to infrastructure innovation of industries.

SDG 10 Reduced In equalities:

AI inspired devices which enhance physical capabilities of people and correct

disabilities.

SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities:

Combined with techniques like big data analysis and data sciences, it contributes
towards creating sustainable cities and communities.

SDF 12 Responsible consumption and production:

AI technologies and techniques are successfully used for identifying unnecessary

wastage, improved and optimized utilization of resources.

SDG 13 Climate action:

AI helps to analyzing climate change data and aids in climate modelling.

SDG 14 Life below Water:

AI techniques such as Pattern recognition can monitor factors like oceanic life
migration and fishing activities. This can combat illegal fishing and create sustainable
marine ecosystems.

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SDG 15 Life on Land:

AI techniques such Pattern recognition help to track land-animal migration,

monitor hunting behavior etc. Helps to combat illegal poaching and create
sustainable land ecosystems.

SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong institution:

AI tools and techniques can study past available crime and peace data. Careful study
and analysis can help timely prediction and prevention of global cyber threats and
lead to personalized and responsive intelligent services.

SDG 17 Partnerships for goals:

Agencies like ITU, UN Agencies, are working with governments and industries
worldwide intending to develop human-centric AI to solve humanity challenges and
meet all SDGs.

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 Unit 3: PURPOSE

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AI ETHICS

AI Ethics is a set of values, principles, and techniques that employ widely accepted standards of
right and wrong to guide moral conduct in the development and use of AI technologies.

Ethical issues around AI

Ai has gained so much power that it can change the lives of people. The ethical issues around it can
have enormous impact on societies and even nations. Major ethical Issues of AI are:

1. Bias and Fairness

Ethically an AI system should be free from all types of biases and be fair. An AI system
designed for picking candidates for job must not be biased against any gender, race, colour or
sexuality and so forth.

2. Accountability
AI learns and evolves over time and data. While evolving, in case some big mistake happens
then accountability of the incident must be beard by someone (may be the developers)

3. Transparency
Transparency ensures that nothing is hidden and full information and knowledge AI is
explainable like:
 Data and sources used
 Models used and thoroughly tested
 Why particular decisions are made

4. Safety
AI tools and practices should be so implemented such that they cause no direct or indirect
harm to data, people and must ensure public welfare.

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5. Human-AI Interaction
With evolution of AI, humanoid robots have their actions and appearance similar to human
beings or other living beings. Here the developers must ensure that AI must not deceive
humans or other living beings, and it must not threaten or violate human dignity in any way.

6. Trust, privacy and control

Improved AI “faking” technologies make what once was reliable evidence into unreliable
evidence. This is already happening to digital photos, sound recording, and video.
Deepfake is a technology that can generate fake digital photos, sound recordings and
video, which look just as original as possible.
It is the ethical responsibility of the creator and user of AI to ensure that these ae not misused.

7. Cyber security and malicious use

The AI tools and practices have successfully been employed for determining possible threats
to cyber security. AI uses big datasets to determine futuristic threats and to test the systems’
vulnerabilities. If such data become available to hackers, then the system weaknesses and
vulnerabilities will be known to them and hence will invite even more cyber threats.

8. Automation and impact over jobs

AI and robotics are leading to increased automation in all types of fields and industries and at
many places, robots are replacing human too. This will lead to humans too.
It is the ethical responsibility of an organisation to upgrade the skillset of its workers so that
they upgrade their skillset and be ready for futuristic AI oriented jobs.
It is ethical responsibility of Governments too to bring appropriate changes to education,
training and opportunities for people, keeping in mind the evolving jobs and impact of AI over
them.

9. Democracy, civil rights, Robot right etc.

AI generated new forms of threats and it has led to a new discussion – how to protect human
rights in the age of AI? There are many consequences of use and application of AI on our
lives, such as:
 With smart cities, trail of data is created by people which is available to government
and also potential advertisers without will of people or unknowingly. This violates
human right to privacy.
 AI based decisions might be biased depending upon accuracy of algorithm. Such as
job offers to men (biased to women), facial or colour recognition etc. It may lead to
biased decisions and violets human right to fair chance and justice.

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EXAMPLES HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION AND AI

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