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Class 9 Fundamental Unit Of Life

The document provides an overview of the fundamental unit of life, the cell, including definitions, functions of organelles, and differences between animal and plant cells. It explains the roles of various cell structures such as the nucleus, lysosomes, and plastids, as well as processes like diffusion and osmosis. Additionally, it covers the importance of chromosomes and the consequences of cells in different solutions.

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26 views

Class 9 Fundamental Unit Of Life

The document provides an overview of the fundamental unit of life, the cell, including definitions, functions of organelles, and differences between animal and plant cells. It explains the roles of various cell structures such as the nucleus, lysosomes, and plastids, as well as processes like diffusion and osmosis. Additionally, it covers the importance of chromosomes and the consequences of cells in different solutions.

Uploaded by

frabbyplays1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

B. Very Short Answer Type Questions:


1. Define cell?
- Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
2. What are cell organelles?
- The Membrane bound structures which are present in the cytoplasm are called cell organelles.
3. Why are lysosomes known as ‘suicide-bags’ of a cell?
- During starvation, lysosome act on their own cellular organelles to digest themselves and thus are also known as
“suicidal bags of a cell”.
4. How do substances like carbon dioxide and water move in and out of the cell?
- Substances like carbon dioxide and water move in and out of the cell by dissusion.
5. Which cell organelle controls most of the activities of the cell?
- Nucleus.
6. Define plasmolysis.
- Shrinking process of protoplast of a plant cell in hypertonic solution is called plasmolysis.

C. Short Answer Question (Type 1):


1. What is Endoplasmic Reticulum? Give its functions.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum consists of an irregular network of channels which are bounded by membrane and are
interconnected with each other. They can be seen with the help of electron microscope only.
Functions: (i) It helps in the synthesis of steroid hormones.
(ii) It acts as skeletal system of the cell.
2. What will happen if a plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution?
- The plant cell will lose water by osmosis known as exosmosis and the cell will shrink.
3. Give four functions of a cell wall.
- Four functions of a cell wall are:
(i) It protect the cell membrane.
(ii) It gives definite shape to the cell.
(iii) It protects the cell from osmotic bursting.
(iv) It helps in the expansion of cells.
4. Write the name of different plant parts in which chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast are present.
- Chromoplasts are coloured plastids found in flowers and fruits. It gives different colours other than green.
Chloroplasts are also coloured plastids found in leaves and stem. It is green in colour.
Leucoplast are colourless plastids found in roots.
5. What are chromosomes? What is their importance?
- During nuclear division, the chromatin material gets organised into chromosomes. These are rod-shaped structures
made of DNA and protein.
Importance of chromosomes: It contains DNA and proteins. It also contain all our genetic information required for
functioning and development of all living organism.

D. Short Answer Type Questions (Type-II)


1. Name the cell organelles/structures which are commonly called
(a) Kitchen of the cell – Plastids.
(b) Skeleton system of the cell – Endoplasmic Reticulum.
(c) Suicidal bags of the cell – Lysosomes.
2. What are the consequences of the following conditions?
(a) A cell containing higher water concentration than the surrounding medium. – Hypotonic solution.
(b) A cell having low water concentration than the surrounding medium. – Hypertonic solution.
(c) A cell containing equal water concentration to its surrounding medium. – Isotonic solution.

3. Differentiate between:
(a) Animal cell and plant cell.
Animal cell Plant cell
1 Irregular in shape. 1 Regular in shape.
2 Cell wall is absent. 2 Cell wall is present.
3 Plastids are absent. 3 Plastids are present.
4 Centrioles are present. 4 Centrioles are absent.

(b) Cell organelles and cell inclusions.


- The membrane bounded structures which are present in the cytoplasm are called cell organelles. Example –
Mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, etc.
The structures which are not bounded by membranes are called cell inclusions. Example – Ribosomes and
centrioles.

E. Long Answer Type Questions:


1. Describe the structure of nucleus with a labelled diagram.

Structure of nucleus:
It is a spherical or oval shape. Generally one nucleus
is present in each cell. Nucleus has following
important parts.
(a) Nuclear membrane.
(b) Nucleoplasm.
(c) Chromatin material.
(d) Nucleolus.

2. Describe the structure of mitochondria with a labelled diagram.

They are small bodies that occur in large numbers.


A mitochondria consists of :
(a) an outer membrane.
(b) an inner membrane.
(c) inner membrane folded inwards to form the cristae.
(d) the cristae lie in a ground substance called as matrix.
3. Give functions of the following:
(a) Golgi bodies.
- (i) They help in synthesis of some polysaccharides from simple sugars.
(ii) They help in the formation of glycoproteins.
(b) Lysosomes.
- (i) Help in digestion of food within the cell.
(ii) Protect the body from bacteria and other harmful organisms.
(c) Ribosomes.
- It is the site of protein synthesis in all the living cells, plastids and mitochondria.
(d) Centrosome.
- (i) It forms the spindle fibres which help in the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
(ii) Helps in formation of sperms from spermatids.
(e) Nucleus.
- (i) It helps in maintenance of the cell.
(ii) It helps in cell division.

4. What are plastids? Give their types and functions.


- A plastid is a lamellated structure which is bounded by a double membrane. They occur in plant cells only.
There are three types of plastids:
(i) Chloroplasts : It gives green colour to leaves and some stem.
(ii) Chromoplasts : It gives colour to flowers and fruits.
(iii) Leucoplasts : It store food in them. It is colourless and found in roots.

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