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A1-structuralanalysis-ABC

The document outlines various tests required to assess the structural integrity, durability, and safety of reinforced concrete hospital structures. It includes non-destructive and destructive testing methods, durability tests, foundation assessments, fire safety evaluations, and environmental compliance checks. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of prioritizing structural safety and routine maintenance for hospital facilities.

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taw1021966
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3 views

A1-structuralanalysis-ABC

The document outlines various tests required to assess the structural integrity, durability, and safety of reinforced concrete hospital structures. It includes non-destructive and destructive testing methods, durability tests, foundation assessments, fire safety evaluations, and environmental compliance checks. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of prioritizing structural safety and routine maintenance for hospital facilities.

Uploaded by

taw1021966
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ksa-code

MASONRY DESIGNERS
‫الملحق الرابع‬
‫تقييم وتأهيل المنشآت القائمة الكود العربي السعودي‬
‫تقييم وتأهيل المنشآت القائمة الكود العربي السوري‬
structural integrity, durability, and safety
For a **reinforced concrete hospital structure**, the following **tests** are
commonly
required to assess the property’s condition.
These tests aim to evaluate the structural integrity, durability, and safety of the
building. Here's a detailed breakdown:

---

### **1. Structural Integrity Tests**


#### **1.1 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)**
1. **Rebound Hammer Test (Schmidt Hammer):**
- **Purpose:** Estimate the surface hardness and compressive strength of
concrete.
- **Details:** Quick, on-site test used to identify weak zones in concrete.
- **Frequency:** Conducted at multiple locations on each structural member.

2. **Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test:**


- **Purpose:** Detect internal cracks, voids, or honeycombing in concrete.
- **Details:** Measures the velocity of ultrasonic pulses through the concrete.
- **Recommended For:** Columns, beams, slabs, and walls in critical areas (e.g.,
operating rooms, emergency rooms).

3. **Cover Meter Survey:**


- **Purpose:** Measure the depth of concrete cover over reinforcement.
- **Details:** Ensures compliance with design specifications for corrosion
protection.

4. **Thermal Imaging (Infrared Thermography):**


- **Purpose:** Identify moisture intrusion, delamination, or hidden defects in
concrete and walls.
- **Details:** Useful for locating leaks or insulation issues in hospital
environments.

---

#### **1.2 Destructive Testing**


1. **Core Sampling and Compressive Strength Test:**
- **Purpose:** Directly measure the compressive strength of in-situ concrete.
- **Details:** Cylindrical core samples are extracted and tested in a
laboratory.
- **Recommended Locations:** Critical structural members with observed cracks or
weaknesses.

2. **Pull-Out/Pull-Off Test:**
- **Purpose:** Evaluate the bond strength between concrete and embedded
reinforcements.
- **Details:** Determines the adequacy of anchorage for rebar.

---

#### **1.3 Reinforcement Evaluation**


1. **Half-Cell Potential Test:**
- **Purpose:** Assess the probability of corrosion in steel reinforcement.
- **Details:** Provides a corrosion risk map for reinforcements in critical
areas.

2. **Rebar Detection (GPR – Ground Penetrating Radar):**


- **Purpose:** Map the location, size, and spacing of rebars within concrete.
- **Details:** Ensures that reinforcement complies with design requirements.

---

### **2. Durability Tests**


#### **2.1 Concrete Durability**
1. **Carbonation Depth Test:**
- **Purpose:** Measure the extent of carbonation in concrete, which can lead to
reinforcement corrosion.
- **Details:** Phenolphthalein indicator solution is applied to freshly
fractured concrete surfaces.

2. **Chloride Ion Penetration Test:**


- **Purpose:** Determine the chloride content in concrete, especially in coastal
or chemically exposed areas.
- **Details:** High chloride levels indicate a risk of reinforcement corrosion.

3. **Water Absorption Test:**


- **Purpose:** Assess the permeability of concrete.
- **Details:** High permeability indicates poor durability and potential water
ingress.

4. **Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Test:**


- **Purpose:** Check for reactive aggregates that could cause expansion and
cracking.

---

### **3. Foundation Tests**


1. **Settlement Monitoring (Level Survey):**
- **Purpose:** Check for differential settlement of the foundation.
- **Details:** Conducted using precise leveling equipment.

2. **Plate Load Test:**


- **Purpose:** Assess the bearing capacity of the soil under existing
foundations.

3. **Soil Resistivity Test:**


- **Purpose:** Evaluate the soil’s corrosivity to protect underground utilities
and foundations.

---

### **4. Fire Safety-Related Tests**


1. **Concrete Core Testing for Fire Resistance:**
- **Purpose:** Evaluate whether concrete can withstand fire exposure based on
its material properties.
- **Details:** Performed in areas with high fire risk, such as generator rooms.

2. **Intumescent Coating Thickness Test (if applied):**


- **Purpose:** Verify the thickness and condition of fireproofing coatings on
structural steel (if applicable).

---
### **5. Special Hospital-Specific Tests**
1. **Vibration Analysis:**
- **Purpose:** Assess floor vibration levels to ensure comfort and operational
efficiency of sensitive hospital equipment.
- **Details:** Critical for diagnostic labs and operating rooms.

2. **Air and Water Leakage Test (for Windows and Doors):**


- **Purpose:** Ensure airtightness and watertightness of hospital rooms (e.g.,
ICUs, isolation rooms).

3. **Hygiene Compliance Testing:**


- **Purpose:** Check the cleanliness and impermeability of surfaces in critical
zones, such as operating rooms.

---

### **6. Environmental and Life Safety Tests**


1. **Asbestos Testing (if applicable):**
- **Purpose:** Identify and quantify asbestos-containing materials in older
structures.

2. **Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Testing:**


- **Purpose:** Ensure air quality is suitable for patient care.
- **Details:** Measure particulate matter, VOCs, and microbial contaminants.

3. **Fire Suppression System Testing:**


- **Purpose:** Verify the performance of sprinklers, extinguishers, and
suppression systems.

---

### **7. Electrical and Mechanical Systems**


1. **Infrared Thermography of Electrical Panels:**
- **Purpose:** Detect overheating or loose connections in electrical systems.

2. **Generator Load Test:**


- **Purpose:** Verify the emergency generator's ability to supply power during
outages.

3. **Pump Performance Test (for Plumbing):**


- **Purpose:** Assess the efficiency of water and waste pumps.

---

### **Test Plan Development**


- **Prioritization:**
- Structural and seismic tests are critical for hospital safety.
- Environmental and life safety tests ensure patient health compliance.
- **Testing Frequency:**
- Immediate testing for critical areas with signs of damage or wear.
- Periodic testing as part of routine maintenance (e.g., annually for fire
systems).

---

These tests provide a comprehensive evaluation of the hospital’s reinforced


concrete structure and operational systems. Let me know if you need further
elaboration on any test or guidance on interpreting results!
Structural Condition Assessment
The American Concrete Institute ACI 364 "Guide for Evaluation of Concrete
Structures before Rehabilitation"
ABC sbc901saudi AND ASC901
EXAMPLES
BEARING WALLS
MASONRY mortar
retaining wall-masonry
IS 1905
bearing walls
what is--STRUCTURAL AA
25
It is not permitted to use flat slabs as the primary lateral system in SDC "D". I
had asked the same question to ACI a while back and below is the official response
I had received from ACI subcommitte on moment frames:

As stated in Paulay and Priestly, Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and


Masonry Buildings, "flat slab systems supported by columns is considered to be
unsuitable on its own to provide satisfactory performance under seismic actions
because of excessive lateral displacements and the difficulty to providing the
adequate and dependable shear transfer between columns and slabs, necessary to
sustain lateral forces, in addition to gravity loads."

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