ESSAY QUESTIONS :

1. What is electric dipole? Define dipole moment. Derive equations for the dipole field
intensity at any point a) on the axial line of the dipole b) on the equatorial line of the
dipole & c) near the dipole

2. Derive the following when an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field
a) No translatory force acts on the dipole
b) Torque acting on the dipole &
c) Potential energy of the dipole

3. State and prove Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics.

Using Gauss theorem, derive equations for the electric field intensity at a point
due to
a) a line charge
b) a uniformly charged thin spherical shell
c) a uniformly charged non conducting sphere
d) an infinite sheet of charge &
e) two parallel sheets of charge

4. Prove the relation between electric field intensity and electric potential. What is the
physical significance of the line integral of electric field? Show graphically the variation
of E and V of a point charge with distance.

5. What is capacitor? Define capacitance. Explain the principle and working of a

parallel plate capacitor.
Derive equations for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
a) with air as the medium between the plates and
b) dielectric as the medium in between the plates

6. With sufficient theory explain how capacitance gets affected on introducing

a) a dielectric of thickness ‘t’
b) a conducting slab of thickness ‘t’ in between the plates of a parallel plate
capacitor.

7. Draw the graph between potential difference between the plates ( V) and charge of
plates (Q) of a parallel plate capacitor during charging. From this graph derive
equations for the electrostatic energy stored in parallel capacitor and hence derive its
energy density.

8. Explain how a) capacity b) potential c) charge d) electric field e) energy stored

change

i) when a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of a charged capacitor

when the battery across the plates is on.
ii) battery across the plates of changed capacitor is put off and dielectric slab is introduced
between the plates.

9. Derive a) common potential

b) Energy loss when two capacitors are connected in parallel.
 10. Derive expression for electric potential at any point.
11.properties of equipotential surface
12. torque acting on dipole placed in electric field.
13. Derive electric potential energy of dipole.

UNIT - II. CURRENT ELECTRICITY

(CBSE WEIGHTAGE: 7 MARK)
ESSAY QUESTIONS:

14. Explain the concept of Drift Velocity. And derive the relation V d = (- eE/m)τ

15. Establish the relation between current and drift velocity. From this expression derive
resistance. Hence deduce OHM’s Law.

16. With sufficient theory and graphs explain the variation of resistivity with temperature in
the case of
a) metallic conductors b) alloys
c) semiconductors and d) insulators

17. Define internal resistance of a primary cell. On what factors does it depend?
Obtain expressions for it during a) charging b) discharging of a cell.

18. With a neat circuit diagram explain the method of determining unknown resistance using
Meter Bridge.

19. Define electric current. Give its formula. Mention its direction. Mention charge/current
carriers in a) metals b) electrolytes c) semiconductors & d) gases
20. Explain the terms
a) mobility b) conductivity and c) current density

21. Derive the relation between J,σ and E

22. Explain the method of resistance determination by colour code method.

23. Draw the variation of resistivity with temperature in

a) copper b) nichrome c) semiconductor

24. State and explain Kirchoff Laws of current electricity. Write their physical significance.
Mention the differences between these laws.

25. Derive the balancing condition of Wheatstone Bridge.

UNIT – III: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT

(CBSE WEIGHTAGE : 8 MARK)

ESSAY QUESTIONS :
 26. State Biot – Savart’s Law. Using this law derive magnetic field
a) at the centre of the circular coil carrying current.
b) due to a straight conductor carrying current and
c) at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current.

27. State and prove Ampere’s circuital Law. Using this law derive the magnetic field
a) due to a solenoid carrying current
b) due to a current in toroid

28. Derive an equation for the force between two parallel straight conductors carrying
current. From this equation define ampere. With suitable field patterns explain the
nature of force when the currents are parallel and anti parallel.

29. Explain the principle, construction and working of moving coil galvanometer with
sufficient theory. Write a note on its a) current sensitivity and b) voltage sensitivity.

30. With sufficient theory and analogies prove “circular current loop as a
magnetic dipole”

31. How atom can be regarded as a magnetic dipole? Derive an expression for
dipole moment of a revolving electron. Hence define Bohr Magneton.

32. Compare the dia, para and ferromagnetic substances.

IV.ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION & AC

33. With sufficient theory and analogies prove “Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid”

34. Explain Hysteresis loop. ( Graph, retentivity, coercivity, energy dissipation) Write the
practical uses of this curve. Why
a) permanent magnets are made of steel?
b) electromagnets are made of iron core?
c) transformer core is made of iron and mumetal?

35.What is self induction? Define co-efficient of self induction. Mention its SI unit.

36. Derive coefficient of self inductance of a long solenoid. Mention the factors on
which it depends upon.
37. What is mutual induction? Define co-efficient of mutual induction. Mention its SI
unit.

38. Derive mutual inductance of two long solenoids

39. AC through resistor, induyctor and capacitor

40.. An AC supply is connected to a series combination of L, C and R. Calculate the

impedance of the circuit and discuss the phase relationship between voltage and
 current. ( circuit diagram, impedance by phasor diagram, phase by impedance
triangle)

UNIT-V: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

41. Modified ampere circuit law

42.Derive LENS MAKERS FORMULA for a THIN BICONVEX LENS.
43. refraction through spherical surfaces
44.Derive refractive index of a glass prism. Draw i-d curve. Write the significance of
angle of minimum deviation.
45.With suitable ray diagrams explain the principle, construction and magnification of
compound microscope.

46 With suitable ray diagrams explain the principle, construction and magnification of
astronomical telescope.

47.With suitable ray diagrams explain the construction, working and magnification of
the following reflecting type telescopes a) Newtonian type b) Cassegrain type.

48.Derive refractive index of a glass prism. Draw i-d curve. Write the significance of
angle of minimum deviation.
49. Explain Huygen’s theory of wave fronts. Verify reflection & refraction of light on the
basis of this theory.

50What is interference of light? Explain Young’s double slit experiment. What are the
path difference and phase difference conditions for bright and dark fringes? Draw the
intensity-path difference graph.

51.What are the essential conditions for sustained interference? Derive an equation for
the fringe width of interference pattern obtained in Young’s Double Slit experiment.

52.What diffraction of light? Explain Young’s single slit experiment. What are the path
difference and phase difference conditions for maxima and minima? Obtain an
expression for the width of the central maxima. Draw intensity-path difference graph.

53. What is photoelectric effect? Discuss experimental verification of photoelectric

effect. (Lenard’s experiment)

54.With suitable graphs explain the variation of

a) photoelectric current with the intensity of the incident light
b) photoelectric current with the potential difference between the plates
(c) stopping potential with the frequency of the incident light.

55. Explain Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment. (Geiger-Marsden

experiment). What important conclusions were drawn on the basis of the observations
of this experiment?

56.Define the terms Impact parameter, scattering cross section and distance of closest
approach.
57.State the basic postulates of Bohr’s Atomic model. Derive equations for a) radius of
orbit b)energy of orbiting electron in hydrogen atom.

58For a scattering by a inverse square field ( such as that produced by a charged

nucleus in
Rutherford’s model ) the relation between impact parameter ‘b’ and scattering angle ‘ϴ’
is given by the relation b=(Ze2cot ϴ/2)/4Лε̥ (mv2/2)

a) What is the scattering angle of b=0?

b)For a given impact parameter b, does the angle of deflection increase or decrease
with increase in energy?

c) For a given energy of the projectile, does the scattering angle increase or decrease
with decrease in impact parameter?

59 On the basis of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom obtain the relation for the frequency
of spectral lines emitted from the hydrogen atom. And also explain various series : Line
spectra of hydrogen spectrum.

60. Explain De Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization.

61. Explain the composition of nucleus.

And explain a) proton-electron hypothesis and
b) proton-neutron hypothesis to explain its stability.

62. Briefly explain a) size of the nucleus b) nuclear density.

Prove that nuclear density is independent of the mass number.

63. Explain the properties of nuclear forces.

64. With graph explain the formation of energy bands in the case of solids. Hence
distinguish insulators, semiconductors and conductors.

65. Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.

66. Differentiate n-type and p-type semiconductors with suitable energy band diagrams.

67. All semiconductors are insulators at 0 K. Explain

68. What is pn junction? How is a pn junction made? How potential barrier is caused
in it?

69. Explain briefly with the help of circuit diagrams how V-I characteristics of pn junction
diode are obtained in forward bias and reverse bias. Draw the shapes of the curves
obtained.

70. Explain the function of pn-junction diode as half wave rectifier with suitable circuit
diagrams
and i/p,o/p wave forms.
71.Explain the function of pn-junction diode as full wave rectifier with suitable circuit
diagrams
and i/p,o/p wave forms.

72. Explain how capacitor filters output of a rectifier.