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2017_lab report_Force as a Vector

The document details a lab report on experiments related to force as a vector, including the relationship between mass and weight, the extension of rubber bands and helical springs, and the validation of Hooke's Law. It presents data tables and analyses for each experiment, highlighting errors and observations. The report emphasizes the importance of minimizing errors in future experiments.

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ymca119
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8 views

2017_lab report_Force as a Vector

The document details a lab report on experiments related to force as a vector, including the relationship between mass and weight, the extension of rubber bands and helical springs, and the validation of Hooke's Law. It presents data tables and analyses for each experiment, highlighting errors and observations. The report emphasizes the importance of minimizing errors in future experiments.

Uploaded by

ymca119
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 2.

Force as a vector
(For the lab report)
Student’s ID & Partner’s ID &
20171102, 류현우 20171045, 김보영
Name Name
Partner’s ID &
20171012, 곽영준 TA’s Name 윤정관
Name
Course Code PHY10713 Due Date 3/29

Results and Analysis


A. Mass and Weight
Table 1. Mass and Weight
m F F/m
(kg) (N) (N/kg)
0.05 0.55 11
0.08 0.87 10.9
0.11 1.25 11.36
0.14 1.57 11.2
Analysis

The first experiment explains the relationship


between mass and weight. As shown on the
left, put slotted weights 50g, 80g, 110g, 140g.
At this time, it is important to set the pointer of
dynamometer to Zero. When the force is measured
and the force divided by the mass of the weight, the
value is accelerated by the formula F = ma. Since the
force applied in this experiment is the weight of the
weights, the acceleration will be the gravitational
acceleration g.
Therefore, the actual value should be about 9.81,
and the error rate is 12.1%, 11.1%, 15.8% and
14.3%, respectively.
The reason why the error rate is relatively high is that the weights were not
perpendicular to the floor or that there is a problem in measuring the force. In
the next experiment, I will concentrate more and try my best to minimize
errors.

B. Extension of a Rubber Band and Helical Spring


Table 2. Extension of Rubber Band Table 3. Extension of Helical
Spring
m F Extension(cm) m F Extension(cm)
(kg) (N) adding removin (kg) (N) adding removin
g g
0.00 0 0 0.2 0.00 0 0 0
0.05 0.49 0.6 1.2 0.05 0.49 3 2.9
0.10 0.98 1.9 2.3 0.10 0.98 5.5 5.4
0.15 1.47 3.3 3.5 0.15 1.47 8.1 8.1
0.20 1.96 3.8 0.20 1.96 10.8

The second experiment is to examine the change in length when weights are
applied to the rubber band and the helical spring, respectively. The experimental
results are shown in table 2 and table 3 above. As can be seen from the results,
it can be seen that the helical spring is much larger than the rubber band ii
increased length when the weight is increased. When the weight is removed, the
helical spring is the first length but the rubber band is slightly longer than the
first length. The reason why the spring increases more is because the spring
constant of the helical spring is larger, and the reason why the rubber band is
measured longer than the original length is elastic fatigue.

C. Hooke’s Law
Table 4. The soft helical spring Table 5. The hard helical spring
F s F/s F s F/s
(N) (m) (N/m) (N) (m) (N/m)
0.2 0.071 2.8 0.2 0.011 18
0.4 0.137 2.9 0.4 0.023 17.4
0.6 0.198 3.03 0.6 0.032 18.7
0.8 0.255 3.1 0.8 0.041 19.5
Analysis

Hooke’s Law : 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥


The third experiment is an experiment that confirms whether Hook's law is valid.

According to Hooke's law, when the same force is applied, the strength of the
spring and the increased length must be in inverse proportion. Therefore, we
measured and compared the stretched lengths of soft and hard springs,
respectively, when given a constant force. As can be seen from the results of
Table 4 and Table 5, it can be seen that the soft spring is increased more when
the same force is applied. Now that we have found out that Hook's law is valid,
let's divide the increased length of the applied force. The value is the spring
constant. In case of soft spring, the spring constant is 2.96 on the average and
18.4 on the hard spring. The unit is N/m .

D. Composition of non-parallel forces


Table 6. The helical spring is stretched ___7___cm
F1 (N) F2 (N) α1 (˚) α2 ( ˚) FR (N)
1.23 1.89 86 47 1.37
1.25 1.14 46 74 1.18
Analysis
The fourth experiment is to measure each force and
angle when the spring is increased by 7 cm as shown
in the left figure. Through this experiment, we can
see how the resultant forces of two non-parallel
forces are measured. The resultant force can be
measured by multiplying the measured force by cos
(angle), respectively.
The results are shown in table 6 above and the
resultant force is 1.275N on average. According to the
C experiment, the spring constant of the helical spring is about 18.4 N / m and
the spring is increased by 7 cm. Therefore, the force applied by Hook's law
should theoretically be 1.288N. Therefore, the error rate is 1%. Although the
error rate has been reduced through re-experimentation, next time I will try to
understand the experiment before experiment and try to reduce the mistake by
experimenting
E. Resolution of a force into two non-parallel forces
Table 7. Fg = 1.3 N 130g
F1 (N) F2 (N) α1 ( ˚) α2 ( ˚) FR (N)
1.02 0.95 42 52 1.34
1.45 1.81 65 64 1.41
Analysis

The fifth experiment is similar to the D experiment. This time, the experiment
was inverted so that the sum of the two forces and the force due to gravity were
parallel. First we need to weigh about 130g for the force due to gravity to be
1.3N by the formula F=mg. The resultant force can be measured by multiplying
the measured force by cos (angle), and the results are shown in table 7. The
measured resultant forces are 1.34N and 1.41N. The reason for the error is that
the sum of the two forces which are not parallel and the force due to gravity
deviate slightly from the straight line because the experimental apparatus is
manually operated

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