I) OVERVIEW OF TRACTOR 2) Not affected by bad

A) What is Agricultural Tractor weather

1) Latin: tahere- to pull 3) Adaptable to draft, belt,
2) Provides and delivers and PTO work
power and high tractive 4) Considerable working
effort at slow speeds for speed ranges
the purpose of hauling a 5) Little attendance required
trailer and powering when not in use
implements; pull or tow 6) Quickly available
B) Evolution 7) Small storage space
1) 1882: Harrisson Machine E) Tractor Size
Works Steam-Powered 1) Determined by:
Engine (a) Weight
2) 1902- Dan Albone: (b) HP
Gasoline Powered (c) Implement capacity
3) 1925- Early Fordson F) Classifications
4) 1927- Tractor Cassani 1) Drive
Model 40 HP (a) Two-wheel
5) 1956- Volvo T25 Gasoline (b) Four-wheel
Tractor 2) Steering
6) Present- Four-wheel Drive (a) Front
Farm Tractor (b) Coordinated
C) Functions (c) Crab
1) Pulling and Pushing (d) Rear
Machines 3) Engine
2) Transmitting power via (a) Spark-ignition
PTO Drive (gasoline)
3) Raising, lowering, and (b) Compression ignition
controlling machines and (diesel)
attachments via hydraulic G) Types
power 1) Compact
4) Transmitting power via  <20 hp
flexible shaft  Gardening and
5) Furnishing power for landscaping
handling of products  Equipped in single
D) Advantages 12” moldboard
1) Can work continuously at plow
heavy load  Can plow 1ha for
11- 14 hrs.
2) Farm Tractor H) Tractor Brands and Origin
 No less than 20
BHP
 Use for massive
agricultural task
3) Special Type
(a) Tract-type
 Consist of two
heavy duty endless
link
 Used for heavy
duty purposes
(b) All purpose or Row
crop
 Handle field and
belt jobs
(c) Orchard
 Designed to
operate with
advantages under
tress
 Has fenders for
protection
purposes
(d) Industrial Tractors
 Designed for
various industrial
operation and
heavy hauling
I) Parts and Functions
 2) Clutch
 Used to connect
and disconnect the
tractor engine from
the power train
3) Differential
 Permit one driving
member to rotate
slower or faster
than the other
4) Final Drive
 Gear reduction
 Transmit power of
the engine at low
speed and large
torque to the rear
axle and wheels of
the tractor
5) Turbo charger
 Increases the
output of the
engine by 20%
K) PTO (Power Take-Off)
1) Types

J) Power Train of Wheel Drive

Tractor
1) Power Transmission
 Used to transmit the
engine power >wheel
axle>PTO L) ROPS (Roll Over Protective
shaft>tractor Structure)
 Used to change the 1) Two-post
torque and speed of 2) Four-post
the engine tractor 3) Cab
M) Pre-Safety Checks  Check tires daily
1) WOGAM  For uneven four-
(a) Water wheel drive:
 Check the coolant  Front: 18 PSI (125
level in the radiator. kPA)
 Do not remove  Rear: 14 PSI (100
radiator cap unless the kPa)
engine is cool. (e) Miscellaneous
 To check before  Check wheel nuts
removing the radiator and cowling
cap, squeeze the  Look for loose nuts
radiator cap – if easily and bolts
squeezed, not  All implements are
pressurized and safe securely fastened
to remove cap. 2) BLOWBAGETS
 If engine is hot, turn (a) Battery
the cap slowly to the (b) Light
first stop position, and (c) Oil
then release the (d) Water
pressure. (e) Brakes
 Check battery (f) Air
electrolyte level (g) Gas
carefully (h) Engine
 Water level about half (i) Tools
an inch above the (j) Self
topes of the plates N) Basics of Driving
 Use distilled water 1) Before
(b) Oil  Carry out daily checks
 Should be parked at and maintenance task
surface level  Take an all-around check
 Checked via dipstick for obstacles and people
 Should be change  Footbrakes are attached
when contaminated  Identify and understand
if incorporates an oil all controls
bath for cleaning air  MUST BE in operator’s
intake of engine seat
(c) Grease
 Lubricate regularly 2) Starting
(d) Air
  Gear, PTO, and  Always use throttle to
hydraulic level in slow down
NEUTRAL  Use clutch and
 Implements are down footbrakes to stop
 Check fuel 6) Tractor Parking
 Fuel cut-out control in  Choose right site
RUN position  Park on flat ground
 Open throttle to fast  Fuel cut-off stop in
idle and check if hand off position
break is applied  Facing up a slope:
 Depress clutch pedal forward gear
and turn key to start  Facing down a slope:
 When engine starts, reverse gear
release clutch pedal  Stop engine.
slowly  Tractor parked
 Do not leave tractor implements down,
running unattended handbrake on, out of
3) Moving off gear
 Depress clutch (first 7) Reversing a Tractor
stage on a two-stage  Position tractor square
clutch) then select on the implement
required gear  Engage reverse gear
 Release clutch pedal  Put feet on clutch and
slowly brake pedals
 When clutch is  Reverse at slowest
completely engaged, speed, minimum
remove foot from pedal throttle setting and
 Adjust throttle to lowest gear ratio
suitable speed
4) Safe Driving
 Drive at safe speed
always
 Engage the lower gears
before starting going
down a slope
 Never change gears
while descending, don’t
rely on brakes II) TRACTOR SAFETY OPERATIONS
5) Slowing to Halt A) Operator Manual
  Oracle on proper
tractor operation
and maintenance
B) Tractor Labels and Signs
1) Colors

C) Operator Responsibilities
1) Stay alert; avoid potential
hazards
2) Preview your routes;
remove debris
3) Maintain and use of
tractor safety features
(ROPS, PTO shield,
seatbelts)
4) Conduct tractor pre-
operation checks
5) Operate according to
2) Slow Moving Vehicle manufacturer’s direction
6) Use right tractor and
implement for the job
7) Know equipment blind
spots
8) Fuel tractor when engine
is off and cool
 9) Never leave tractor  Clutch release too
unattended quickly with
10) Before dismounting: transmission in
switch of engine, wait for low gear and
tractor, PTO implements engine in high
to stop speed
11) Take key with you  Load to heavy
D) Safety Features  Tractor can tip as
1) PTO Shields and machine little as 0.75 sec
guards (b) Sideway Roll overs
2) Roll-over protective  Prevention:
structure/ ROPS  Release clutch
3) Seat blet when rear wheels
4) Rear view mirrors can rotate forward
5) Head/tail/turn warning  Do not climb on
signs steep hills
6) Back up alarm  Use a reverse gear
7) Slow moving vehicle to back up the
(SMV) emblem tractor up a hill
8) First aid kit  Use enough
E) Common Mishaps engine speed
1) Roll overs  Ballast: counter
 when center of balance the
gravity moves past a tractor properly
baseline of stability  Hitch load
 happens at 8mph properly to the
and on slopes <5 drawbar
degrees.  PROTECTIVE ZONE:
 Factors: imaginary space
 Implement size, surrounding an
shape, and weight operator’s body
 Speed and terrain  Go down slope in
 Human error low gear
(a) Rearward Roll-over 2) Front end loader
 Causes: incidents
 Stuck in mud 3) Falls from tractor
 Rear wheels can’t  Happens due to
turn improper mounting
 Too steep hill  Prevention:
  Do not jump down  PTO at 540 rpm: can
the tractor entangle a shirt or
 Use 3-point mount pant leg around 9
(2 hands, 1 foot; 2 times in 1 second
feet, 1 hand)  Prevention: install
 Face the tractor PTO guard
going up and 7) By-pass starting
down  Unsafe practice of
 No rider policy starting a tractor
4) Tractor run-over while standing on
 Happens due to the ground
inability to see  Can result to run
others over
 Prevention:  DEAD MAN’S SEAT
 Keep speed low SWITCH: safety
 Clear feature when no
communication one in seat,
 Keeping other tractor shuts off or
away from tractor won’t start
operation area F) Hand Signals
5) Caught between crushing
 “Caught-between”-
ground worker is
crushed between
tractor and
implement 1)
 Causes:
 No
communication
 Loss of control
 Worker in wrong 2)
spot

6) PTO shaft entanglement

 Most gruesome
 PTO operating at
1000rpm: will pull 3)
clothing 8”/sec
4)
10)

5)

11)

III) Tractor Troubleshooting,

Repair and Maintenance
6) A) Troubleshooting
1) Poor Engine Performance
(a) Fuel
 Dirt in fuel system
 Fuel is old
 Replace with fresh
7) stabilized fuel
 Obtain fuel before
suspecting
machine problems
(b) Improper Break-in
 Repeat break in
following proper
8) procedure
 Extend break-in time
5 hrs. before
suspecting machine
problem
2) Engine will not Start

9)
 8) Engine will not Idle

9) Engine has low power or

compression
3) Engine hard to start

10) Engine knock

4) Engine misses under load 11) Engine stops or misses

when operating on hills

5) Engine vapor locks

12) Engine backfires
(a) Faulty spark plug

13) High oil consumption

(a) Engine not broken in
6) Engine runs unevenly
(surges) 14) Spark Plugs Foul
(a) Engine not broken in

15) Machine Vibrates too

much

7) Engine overheats 16) Machine will not move

with engine running
17) Machine moves with  Inadequate supply of
engine running; foot air
pedals in neutral  Poor fuel grade
(a) Linkage out of  Check restriction
adjustment in air intake
 Adjust valve
18) Machine tools on an clearance
inline; engine on or off;  Check fuel
pedals in neutral injection pump
(a) Normal  Check and re-
(b) Set parking brake adjust fuel timing
(b) Blue smoke
19) Requires high effort to  Lubricating oil
move conveyed to
(a) Cruise control lever not combustion chamber
adjusted properly and getting burnt
 Wear down of
20) Starter does not work cylinder piston
 Worn out piston
rings
 Check sump level
 Check
compression
pressure
21) Battery will not charge (c) Grey (cloudy) smoke
 Retarded injection
timing due to leaky
fuel injector
 Low injector
22) Lights do not operate pressure
 Poor atomization of
fuel
 Excessive water
23) Abnormal Exhaust mixed in fuel
(a) Black smoke  Calibrate injectors
 Insufficient  Check
combustion compression
pressures
  Drain the water  Apply slight coat of
from the fuel oil onto the rubber
tanks regularly seal of new filter
B) Maintenance  Screw new cartridge
1) Daily check; checking by hand
areas where previous  See engine oil
trouble was experienced doesn’t leak
2) Daily servicing of a tractor  Replenish engine oil
(a) Check cooling system to specified level
(b) Check drawbar and 3- (c) Changing transmission
point linkage fluid
(c) Engine oil level: level  Stop engine and cool
ground; ~10 min after down
engine has stopped  Place oil pan under
(d) Water cooling tractor
(e) Engine cooling-radiator,  Remove drain plugs
cooling fins, fans, and  Drain transmission
air ducts fluid
(f) Fuel filter system  Screw in drain plug
(g) Air cleaner (dry tape)  Fill new oil up to the
 Must be cleaned upper notch on
when indicator is on dipstick
3) Check and Maintenance  Run engine few
(a) Change oil minutes, stop, and
 Warm up engine ~5 check oil level again.
min If low, add oil.
 Off engine
 Place oil pan under
 Remove drain plug
and drain
 Screw in drain plug
 Fill new oil to upper
line on dipstick
(b) Replacing Oil filter
cartridge
 Stop engine and cool (d) Adjusting clutch pedal
down sufficiently free travel
 Remove oil filter  Stop engine, remove
key
  Slightly depress  When dust adheres
clutch pedal to element, blow
 Measure free travel compressed air
at the top of pedal under 205 kPA/ 2.30
stroke PSI
 If need adjustment,  When carbon
loosen the lock nut adheres, soak
and turn clutch rod element in detergent
 Retighten lock nut 15 min and wash
 Release clutch pedal several times in
and check clearance water
(e) Greasing  Air dry
 Apply small amount  Once a year or after
 Never operate every six times of
tractor with loose cleaning
rim, wheel, or axle  Never apply oil
 Check nuts and bolts (h) Fan belt tension
frequently adjustment
(f) Checking battery  Stop engine before
condition checking belt tension
 Do not use or charge  If tension incorrect,
if fluid level is below loosen alternator
the lower mark mounting bolts
 If store tractor for  Using a lever place
long period of time: b/n alternator and
 remove battery engine block, pull
 adjust electrolyte alternator out until
to proper level the deflection of belt
 store in dry place falls within
put of direct acceptable limits
sunlight  Replace fan belt if
 recharge once damaged
every 3 months (i) Checking radiator
(hot season) and hoses and clamp
once every 6  Every 200 hrs. of
months (cold operation or 6
season months
(g) Air cleaner primary
element
  If radiator hose  Turn over soil depth
swollen, hardened, of 12 in.
or cracked, replace.  Does not create
 Replaces hoses and seedbed
bands every 2 years (c) Disk plow
 Overheating –  Cuts into soil but do
coolant temp is not turn it over
nearly or more than  Harrowing
boiling point (secondary tillage
 Park tractor operation; 3-6 in)
 Keep in idle  Rotavating (general
unloaded purpose tillage; up
 Stop engine after to 6in)
5 min 2) Cultipackers
 Let steam blow  Firm seedbeds
out before seeding
 Get rid causes of 3) Drag
overheating  Meant to break
accrdg to manual wood, metal, and
soil particles since
they impede growth
IV) Tractor Implements of crops
1) Mower or Weeder 4) Fertilizer Applicator
 Cuts or mows grass  Machine used to
2) Cultivators apply fertilizer
 Weed control 5) Plastic mulch laying
3) Plowing equipment
 Act of turning over  A MUST for large
the soil with a plow scale farmers using
 Primary tillage plasticulture
operation (6-18 in) 6) Tillage Planter/Seeder
(a) Moldboard Plow  Meant to sow seeds
 Often used on land in ground without
has not been in crop prior tillage, by
production or has metering out
been fallow for a individual seeds
long time 7) Transplanter
(b) Chisel Plow
 Long shanks
  Used for
transplanting
seedlings
8) Harvesting Equipment
(a) Chaser Bin
 Aka grain cart or
auger wagon
 Built-in auger
conveyor system,
with large capacity
(b) Rakes
 Used fir gathering,
spreading, or turning
materials (hay,
straw)
 wheel rakes
 rotary rakes
 drum rakes
(c) Balers
 Used to compress
and bundle crops
into manageable
bales.