PROBABILTY

1) A bag contains (2n + 1) coins. It is known that n of these coins have a head on both sides where as the
rest of the coins are fair. A coin is picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If the probability that
the toss results in a head is31/42 , determine the value of n. (n=10)

2) A box B1 contains 1 white ball and 3 red balls. Another box B2 contains 2 white balls and 3 red balls. If
one ball is drawn at random from each of the boxes B1 and B2, then find the probability that the
two balls drawn are of the same colour. (11/20)

3) A bag contains 3 red and 4 white balls. Three balls are drawn at random, one-by-one without
replacement from the bag. If `the first ball drown is red in colour, then find the probability that
the remaining two balls drawn are also red in colour.(1/15)

4) A bag contains 5 red marbles and 3 black marbles. Three marbles are drawn one by one without
replacement. What is the probability that at least one of the three marbles drawn be black, if the first
marble is red ( 25/26)
5) A bag 'A' contains 4 black and 6 red balls and bag 'B' contains 7 black and 3 red balls. A die is thrown.
If 1 or 2 appears on it, then bag 'A' is chosen, otherwise bag 'B'. If two balls are drawn at random (without
replacement) from the selected bag, find the probability of one of them being red and another black (22/45)

6) A bag contains 3 red and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn one by one at a time at random without
replacement. If second drawn ball is red then what is the probability the first drawn ball is also
red?(2/9)

7) Two dice are thrown together. Let A be the event ‘getting 6 on the first die’ and B be the event
‘getting 2 on the second die’. Are the events A and B independent? ( yes, 1/36=1/36)

8) Two dice are thrown together and the total score is noted. The events E, F and G are ‘a total of 4’, ‘a total
of 9 or more’, and ‘a total divisible by 5’, respectively. Calculate P(E), P(F) and P(G) and decide which
pairs of events, if any, are independent. (1/12),(5/18),(7/36), (No pair)

9) A die is thrown three times, E : 4 appears on the third toss, F : 6 and 5 appears respectively on
first two tosses . Find P(E/F) (1/6)

10) A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. What is the
conditional probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once?(2/5)

11) A black and a red die are rolled together. Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given
that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.(1/9)

12) A die is thrown. If E is the event ‘the number appearing is a multiple of 3’ and F be the event
‘the number appearing is even’ then find whether E and F are independent ? (YES, 1/6)

13) An unbiased die is thrown twice. Let the event A be ‘odd number on the first throw’ and B the
event ‘odd number on the second throw’. Check the independence of the events A and
B.(Yes,1/4)

14) A die marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event, ‘the number is
even,’ and B be the event, ‘the number is red’. Are A and B independent (No)

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

15) A pair of dice is thrown. It is given that the sum of numbers appearing on both dice is an even
number. Find the probability that the number appearing on at least one die is 3. [ 5/ 18]

16)

[ 1/3 ]

17) Two dice are tossed. Find whether the following two events A and B are independent:
A = (x, y) : x + y=11B = (x, y) : x 5where (x, y) denotes a typical sample point.
[No, 5/108 ≠ 1/36]

18) Three dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting three two’s, if it is known that the
sum of the numbers on the dice was six.(1/10)

19) A and B throw a pair of dice alternately. A wins the game if he gets a total of 6 and B wins if she gets a
total of 7. It A starts the game, find the probability of winning the game by A in third throw of the pair of
dice.( 775/7776)

20) A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the game. Find their
respective probabilities of winning, if A starts first. (6/11, 5/11)

21) A, B and C throw a pair of dice in that order alternately till one of them gets a total of 9 and wins the
game. Find their respective probabilities of winning, if A starts first. ( 81/217, 72/217,64/217)

22) For a loaded die, the probabilities of outcomes are given as under: P(1) = P(2) = 0.2, P(3) = P(5) = P(6) =
0.1 and P(4) = 0.3. The die is thrown two times. Let A and B be the events, ‘same number each time’,
and ‘a total score is 10 or more’, respectively. Determine whether or not A and B are independent.[ yes ,
0.02]

23) In a hockey match, both teams A and B scored same number of goals up to the end of the game, so to
decide the winner, the referee asked both the captains to throw a die alternately and decided that the
team, whose captain gets a six first, will be declared the winner. If the captain of team A was asked to
start, find their respective probabilities of winning the match and state whether the decision of the
referee was fair or not. Answer :( 6/11, 5/11) The decision of referee wasn't fair since
team A has more chances of being declared a winner despite the fact that both
the teams had secured same number of goals.

24) Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of 52 well shuffled cards.
What is the probability that first two cards are kings and the third card drawn is an ace?(2/5525)

25) One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following
cases are the events E and F independent ?
a) E : ‘the card drawn is a spade’ F : the card drawn is an ace’
b) E : ‘the card drawn is black’ F : the card drawn is a king’
c) E : ‘the card drawn is a king or queen’ F : the card drawn is a queen or jack’.

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26) Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again, but if it shows tail, then
throw a die. Find the conditional probability of the event that 'the die shows a number greater than 4'
given that 'there is at least one tail'. (2/9)
27) Suppose you have two coins which appear identical in your pocket. You know that one is fair and one is
2-headed. If you take one out, toss it and get a head, what is the probability that it was a fair coin?.(1/3)

28) Three coins are tossed simultaneously. Consider the event E ‘three heads or three tails’, F ‘at
least two heads’ and G ‘at most two heads’. Of the pairs (E,F), (E,G) and (F,G), which are
independent? which are dependent

29) A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the coin’ and B
be the event ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or not. [ yes, 1/12]

30) The probability that A hits a target is 1/3 and the probability that B hits it is 2/5 . If both of them
hit the target independently , find the probability that the target is hit. (3/5)

31) Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 1/2and1/3 respectively. If both try
to solve the problem independently, find the probability That (i) the problem is solved (ii) exactly one of
them solves the problem. (2/3, ½)

32) In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20%
read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random
(a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers.
(b) If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads English news paper
[0.20,0.33,0.50]

33) If a leap year is selected at random, what is the chance that it will contain 53 Tuesdays?(2/7)

34) If each element of a second order determinant is either zero or one, what is the probability that
the value of the determinant is positive? (Assume that the individual entries of the determinant
are chosen independently, each value being assumed with probability (3/16)

35) An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B. From previous testing
procedures, the following probabilities are assumed to be known:
P(A fails) = 0.2 P(B fails alone) = 0.15 P(A and B fail) = 0.15
Evaluate the following probabilities (i) P(A fails / B has failed) [0.5] (ii) P(A fails alone) [0.05]

36) Let E1 and E2 be two independent events such that p(E1) = p1 and P(E2) = p2. Describe in words of the
events whose probabilities are: (i) p1 p2 (ii) (1–p1) p2 (iii) 1–(1–p1)(1–p2) (iv) p1 + p2 – 2p1p2

37) Prove that if E and F are independent events, then so are the events E and F

38) If A and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of at least one of A
and B is given by 1– P(A) P(B)

39) Prove that (i) P(A) = P(AB) + P(A𝐵 ) (ii) P(AB) = P(AB) + P(A𝐵) + P(𝐴 B)

40) The probability of simultaneous occurrence of at least one of two events A and B is p. If the probability
that exactly one of A, B occurs is q, then prove that P (A) + P (B) = 2 – 2p + q.

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

41) Three events A, B and C have probabilities 2/5, 1/3,1/2 respectively. Given that P(AC) =1/5 and
P(BC) = ¼ , find the values of P(C | B) and P(A'C').

42) Two natural numbers r, s are drawn one at a time, without replacement from the set S=1,2,3,...., n.
Find Pr p|s p, where pS. [ p-1/ n-1]

43) A committee of 4 students is selected at random from a group consisting 8 boys and 4 girls. Given that
there is at least one girl on the committee, calculate the probability that there are exactly 2 girls on the
committee.(168/425)

Bayes' Theorem and Total probability

44) Bag I contains 3 black and 2 white balls, Bag II contains 2 black and 4 white balls. A bag and a ball is
selected at random. Determine the probability of selecting a black ball .(7/15)

45) Three bags contain a number of red and white balls as follows:
Bag 1 : 3 red balls, Bag 2 : 2 red balls and 1 white ball Bag 3 : 3 white balls.
The probability that bag i will be chosen and a ball is selected from it is i/6, i = 1, 2, 3.
What is the probability that (i) a red ball will be selected? [7/18] (ii) a white ball is selected? [11/18]

46) Three bags contain a number of red and white balls as follows:
Bag 1 : 3 red balls, Bag 2 : 2 red balls and 1 white ball Bag 3 : 3 white balls.
The probability that bag i will be chosen and a ball is selected from it is i/6, i = 1, 2, 3.
If a white ball is selected, what is the probability that it came from (i) Bag 2 (ii) Bag 3

47) A bag contains 4 balls. 2 balls are drawn at random and are to be white. What is the probability that all
balls are white ? (3/5)

48) There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls while the other contains 4 black and
3 white balls. A die is thrown. If it shows up 1 or 3, a ball is taken from the Ist bag; but it shows up any
other number, a ball is chosen from the second bag. Find the probability of choosing a black ball.(11/21)

49) There are three urns containing 2 white and 3 black balls, 3 white and 2 black balls, and 4 white and 1
black balls, respectively. There is an equal probability of each urn being chosen. A ball is drawn at
random from the chosen urn and it is found to be white. Find the probability that the ball drawn was from
the second urn. (1/3)

50)

[Ans: 3/5]

51) An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is noted and is returned to
the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour drawn are put in the urn and then a ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that the second ball is red? (1/2)

52) A bag X contains 4 white balls and 2 black balls, while another bag Y contains 3 white balls and 3 black balls.
Two balls are drawn (without replacement) at random from one of the bags and were found to be one white and
one black. Find the probability that the balls were drawn from bag Y.(9/17)

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53) A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls, another bag contains 2 red and 6 black balls. One of the two bags
is selected at random and a ball is drawn from the bag which is found to be red. Find the probability that
the ball is drawn from the first bag (2/3)

54) A bag contains 5 red and 4 black balls ,a second bag contains 3 red and 6 black balls.One of the two bags
is selected at random and two balls are drawn at random(without replacement) both of which are found
to be red. Find the probability that the balls are drawn from the second bag. (3/13)

55) Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is
transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be
red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.(16/31)

56) Bag A contains 3 red and 5 black balls. While bag B contains 4 red and 4 black balls. Two balls are
transferred at random from hag A to bag B and then a ball is drawn from bag B at random. If the
ball drawn from bag B is found to be red. Find the probability that two red balls were transferred from A
to B. (1/133)
57) A bag contains 4 white and 5 black balls. Another bag contains 9 white and 7 black balls. A ball is
transferred from the first bag to the second and then a ball is drawn at random from the second bag.
Find the probability that the ball drawn is white.(5/9)

58) An urn contains m white and n black balls. A ball is drawn at random and is put back into the urn along
with k additional balls of the same colour as that of the ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random.
Show that the probability of drawing a white ball now does not depend on k m / (m+n)

59) Suppose we have four boxes A,B,C and D containing coloured marbles as given below

One of the boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from
it. If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from box A?, box B?, box C?

60) Coloured balls are distributed in four boxes as shown in the following table:

A box is selected at random and then a ball is randomly drawn from the selected box. The
color of the ball is black, what is the probability that ball drawn is from the box III?

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61) Given three identical boxes I, II and III, each containing two coins. In box I, both coins are gold coins, in
box II, both are silver coins and in the box III, there is one gold and one silver coin. A person chooses a
box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is the probability that the other coin in the
box is also of gold? (2/3)

62) Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls while another Bag II contains 5 red and 6 black balls.
One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is found to be red. Find the probability
that it was drawn from Bag II ( 35/68)

63) A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls, another bag contains 2 red and 6 black balls. One of the two bags
is selected at random and two balls is drawn from the bag which is found to be red. Find the
probability that the ball is drawn from the first bag. (2/3)

64) In a shop X, 30 tins of ghee of Type A and 40 tins of ghee of Type B which look alike, are kept for sale while in
shop Y, similar 50 tins of ghee of Type A and 60 tins of ghee of Type B are there. One tin of ghee is purchased
from one of the randomly selected shops and is found to be of Type B. Find the probability that it is purchased
from shop Y.(21/43)

65) In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or
guesses. Let ¾ be the probability that he knows the answer and ¼ be the probability that he
guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability ¼
. What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?
[12/13]

66) In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or
guesses. Let 3/5 be the probability that he knows the answer and 2/5 be the probability that he
guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 1/3
. What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?
(9/11)

67) If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If it is incorrectly set up, it
produces only 40% acceptable items. Past experience shows that 80% of the set ups are
correctly done. If after a certain set up, the machine produces 2 acceptable items, find the
probability that the machine is correctly setup. (81/85)

68) A manufacturer has three machine operators A, B and C. The first operator A produces 1%
defective items, where as the other two operators B and C produce 5% and 7% defective items
respectively. A is on the job for 50% of the time, B is on the job for 30% of the time and C is on
the job for 20% of the time. A defective item is produced, what is the probability that it was
produced by A? [5/34]

69) A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of the
items of output and machine B produced 40% of the items. Further, 2% of the items produced
by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one
stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What is
the probability that it was produced by machine B? [1/4]

70) In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%,
35% and 40% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 5, 4 and 2 percent are respectively defective bolts.
A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective. What is the probability
that it is manufactured by the machine B? [ 28 /69 ]

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71) An item is manufactured by three machines A, B and C. Out of the total number of items manufactured
during a specified period, 50% are manufactured on A, 30% on B and 20% on C. 2% of the items
produced on A and 2% of items produced on B are defective, and 3% of these produced on C are
defective. All the items are stored at one god own. One item is drawn at random and is found to be
defective. What is the probability that it was manufactured on machine A? [5/11]

72) Three machines E1, E2, E3 in a certain factory produce 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively, of the total
daily output of electric tubes. It is known that 4% of the tubes produced one each of machines E1 and E2
are defective, and that 5% of those produced on E3 are defective. If one tube is picked up at random from
a day’s production, calculate the probability that it is defective [17/400]

73) Three machines E1, E2, E3 in a certain factory produce 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively, of the total
daily output of electric tubes. It is known that 4% of the tubes produced one each of machines E1 and E2
are defective, and that 5% of those produced on E3 are defective. If one tube is picked up at random from
a day’s production, calculate the probability that it is defective. Calculate the probability that the
defective tube was produced on machine E1. [8/17]

74) A car manufacturing factory has two plants, X and Y. Plant X manufactures 70% of cars and plant Y
manufactures 30%. 80% of the cars at plant X and 90% of the cars at plant Y are rated of standard
quality. A car is chosen at random and is found to be of standard quality. What is the probability that it
has come from plant X? [56/83]
75) Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: Of people having HIV, 90% of the test
detect the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99% of the test are judged HIV–ive but
1% are diagnosed as showing HIV+ive. From a large population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one
person is selected at random, given the HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV+ive. What is
the probability that the person actually has HIV? [90/1089= 0.083]

76) A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact, present.
However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if
a healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If
0.1 percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has
the disease given that his test result is positive ? [22/133 = 0.165]

77) By examining the chest X ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person is actually suffering is
0.99. The probability of an healthy person diagnosed to have TB is 0.001. In a certain city, 1 in 1000
people suffers from TB. A person is selected at random and is diagnosed to have TB. What is the
probability that he actually has TB? [110/221]

78) Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack are 40%. It is also assumed that a meditation
and yoga course reduce the risk of heart attack by 30% and prescription of certain drug reduces its
chances by 25%. At a time a patient can choose any one of the two options with equal probabilities. It is
given that after going through one of the two options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack.
Find the probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga? [ 14/29 = 0.48]

79) A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn and are
found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of the lost card being a diamond..(11/50)

80) A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, 2 cards are drawn and are
found to be both aces . Find the probability of the lost card being an ace [ 1/25]

81) There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that
comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random
and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two headed coin ? [20/47]

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82) There are three coins. One is a two tailed coin (having tail on both faces) another is a biased coin
that comes up heads 60% of the times and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is
chosen at random and tossed and it shows tail. What is the probability that it is a two tailed coin.[
10/19]

83)

Ans ; 1/3

84) Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of
heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she
obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die? [8/11]

85) A girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If
she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses a coin two times and notes whether a heads obtained. If she obtained
exactly two heads, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die? [4/7]

86) Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets 1 or 2, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of tails. If she
gets 3,4,5 or 6, she tosses a coin once and notes whether a 'head' or 'tail' is obtained. If she obtained exactly one
'tail', what is the probability that she threw 3,4,5 or 6 with the die? [ 8 / 11]

87) Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at
random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal number of males
and females. [20/21]

88) In a class, 5% of the boys and 10% of the girls have an IQ of more than 150. In this class, 60% of the
students are boys. If a student is selected at random and found to have an IQ of more than 150, find the
probability that the student is a boy. [3 /7]

89) Suppose that 6% of the people with blood group O are left handed and 10% of those with other blood
groups are left handed 30% of the people have blood group O. If a left handed person is selected at
random, what is the probability that he/she will have blood group O? (9/44)

90) Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40% are day scholars (not residing
in hostel). Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in hostel attain A grade and
20% of day scholars attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is
chosen at random from the college and he has an A grade, what is the probability that the student is a
hostler? [9/13]
91) An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers.
The probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons
meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver? [ 1/52]

92)

[ Ans : 1/20 ]

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93) A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that the probabilities that he will come
by train, bus, scooter or by other means of transport are respectively 3/10, 1/5, 1/10 and 2/5 The
probabilities that he will be late are ¼, 1/3, and 1/12, if he comes by train, bus and scooter respectively,
but if he comes by other means of transport, then he will not be late. When he arrives, he is late. What is
the probability that he comes by train? [1/2]

94) Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of directors of a corporation. The probabilities
that the first and the second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further, if the first group wins,
the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3 if the second
group wins. Find the probability that the new product introduced was by the second group [2/9= 0.22]

95) A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be strike, 0.80 that
the construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike, and 0.32 that the construction job will
be completed on time if there is a strike. Determine the probability that the construction job will be
completed on time. B [0.488]

96) In certain college, 4% of boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75 m. Furthermore,60% of the students are
girls. If a student is selected at random and is taller than 1.75 m, what is the probability that the selected
student is a girl? [3/11]

97) A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds A1, A2 and A3. They are sold as a mixture where the
proportions are 4:4:2 respectively. The germination rates of the three types of seeds are 45%, 60% and
35%. Calculate the probability
(i) of a randomly chosen seed to germinate [490/1000= 0.49]
(ii) that it will not germinate given that the seed is of type A3, [65/100]
(iii) that it is of the type A2 given that a randomly chosen seed does not germinate. [16/51=0.314]

98) A letter is known to have come either from TATA NAGAR or from CALCUTTA. On the envelope, just
two consecutive letter TA are visible. What is the probability that the letter came from TATA NAGAR.
[7/11]

99) A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six. Find the
probability that it is actually a six. (3/8)

100)

Ans: 1/3
101)

Ans :7/22

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102) If A and B are two independent events if P(A′∩B)=2/15 and P(A∩B′)=1/6, Find P(A) and P(B).
[1/6, 4/5]

103)

[Ans : 1/3, ¼ and ¾ , 2/3]

104)

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND MEAN

105) In a dice game, a player pays a stake of Re1 for each throw of a die. She receives Rs 5 if the
die shows a 3, Rs 2 if the die shows a 1 or 6, and nothing otherwise. What is the player’s
expected profit per throw over a long series of throws? [0.50]

106) In a game, a man wins rupees five for a six and loses rupee one for any other number, when
a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but to quit as and when he gets a six.
Find the expected value of the amount he wins/loses.[0]

107) In a game, a man wins Rs 5 for getting a number greater than 4 and loses Rs 1 otherwise,
when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to thrown a die thrice but to quit as and when he
gets a number greater than 4. Find the expected value of the amount he wins/loses. [19/9]

108) Suppose 10,000 tickets are sold in a lottery each for Re 1. First prize is of Rs 3000 and the second
prize is of Rs. 2000. There are three third prizes of Rs. 500 each. If you buy one ticket, what is your
expectation? [0.65]

109)

[4.20]

110)
[Ans 1/3]

111) A biased die is such that P(4) =1/10 and other scores being equally likely. The die is tossed twice. If
X is the ‘number of fours seen’, find the mean of the random variable X. [1/5]

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

112) A die is thrown three times. Let X be ‘the number of twos seen’. Find the expectation of X. [1/2]

113) Two biased dice are thrown together. For the first die P(6) =1/2,, the other scores being equally likely
while for the second die, P(1) =2/5 and the other scores are equally likely. Find the probability
distribution of ‘the number of ones seen’ [ans:
X 0 1 2
P(X) 0.54 0.42 0.04
114) Find the probability distribution of the maximum of the two scores obtained when a die is thrown
twice. Determine also the mean of the distribution [161/36]

115) A die is tossed twice. A ‘success’ is getting an even number on a toss. Find the mean of the number
of successes [1]

116) Find the probability distribution of number of doublets in three throws of a pair of dice.

117)

118)

[2/5]
119)

[ 2/5]

120) From a lot of 15 bulbs which include 5 defectives, a sample of 4 bulbs is drawn one by one with replacement.
Find the probability distribution of number of defective bulbs. Hence find the mean of the distribution. [ 4/3]

121) Four rotten oranges are accidentally mixed with 16 good ones. three oranges are drawn at random from the
mixed lot. let X be the number of rotten oranges drawn. find the mean of X. [204/475]

122) Three rotten apples are mixed with seven fresh apples. Find the probability distribution of the
number of rotten apples, if three apples are drawn one by with replacement. Find the mean of the
number of rotten apples. [9/10]
123) Out of a group of 30 honest people, 20 always speak the truth. Two persons are selected at
random from the group. Find the probability distribution of the number of selected persons
who speak the truth. Also find the mean of the distribution [1.33]

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

124) In a group of 50 scouts in a camp, 30 are well trained in first aid techniques while the
remaining are well trained in hospitality but not in first aid. Two scouts are selected at random
from the group. Find the probability distribution of number of selected scouts who are well
trained in first aid. Find the mean of the distribution also. Write one more value which is
expected from a well trained scout. [294/245 , A well trained scout should be disciplined]

125) Determine Mean the number of heads in three tosses of a coin. [1.5]

126) Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from positive integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Let X
denotes the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the mean of the probability distribution of X. [14/9]

127) Find the probability distribution of the number of heads in a simultaneous toss of two coins.

128)

129) Two cards are drawn successively without replacement from a well shuffled deck of cards. Find the
mean of the random variable X where X is the number of aces. [2/13]

130) Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement) from a well shuffled
pack of 52 cards. Find mean number of kings. [2/13]
131) Three cards are drawn at random (without replacement) from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find
the probability distribution of number of red cards. Hence find the mean of the distribution.[1.5]

132) Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement) from a well shuffled
pack of 52 cards. Find mean number of red cards [1]
133) Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) the first six positive integers.
Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find E(X) [ 14/3]

134) Two numbers are selected at random(without replacement) from the first five positive integers.
Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the mean of X. [4]

135) There are 5cards numbered 1 to 5,one number on one card. Two cards are drawn at random without
replacement. Let X denote the sum of the numbers on two cards drawn. Find the mean of X. [6]

136) A class has 15 students whose ages are 14, 17, 15, 14, 21, 17, 19, 20, 16, 18, 20, 17, 16, 19 and 20 years. One
student is selected in such a manner that each has the same chance of being chosen and the age X of the selected
student is recorded. What is the probability distribution of the random variable X ? Find mean
of X.[263/15=17.53]

137) Three numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from first six positive integers . If X denotes the
smallest of the three numbers obtained , find the probability distribution of X . Also , find the mean of the
distribution. [7/4]

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

138) There are 4 cards numbered 1,3,5 and 7, one number on one card. Two cards are drawn at random
without replacement. Let X denote the sum of the numbers on the two drawn cards. Find the mean [8]

139) In a meeting, 70% of the members favour and 30% oppose a certain proposal. A member is selected
at random and we take X=0 if he opposed, and X=1 if he is in favour. Find E(X) [ 0.7]

140) An urn contains 4 white and 6 red balls. Four balls are drawn at random from the urn. Find the probability of
the number of white balls.

141) Two balls are drawn at random from a bag containing 2 red balls and 3 blue balls, without
replacement. let the variable x denotes the number of red balls. find the probability distribution of x

142)

[1]

143)

[ 30/61]

144)

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145)

146) A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

Find the value of C. Also find the mean of the distribution

147)

148)

149)

(i) the value of k (ii) E (X)

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]

150)

151)

Determine the value of k and P(X≤2)

152) The random variable X has a probability distribution P(X)
k, if x=0
2k, if x=1

P(X)= 
3k, if x=2
0,otherwise

a) Find k ,P(X<2) , P(X≤ 2), P(X≥ 2)

153) The random variable X has a probability distribution P(X)

0.1, if x=0
kx, if x=1 or 2

P(X)= 
k(5-x), if x=3 or 4
0,otherwise

a) Find k
b) What is the probability that you study at least two hours: Exactly two hours ? At most two
hours?

Prepared by C . VELUSAMY MSc., BEd., PGT MATHS [Mobile : 9865660308]