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The document is a question paper for the Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPHO) scheduled for February 2, 2025. It consists of five questions covering various physics topics, including experiments with flywheels, DC motors and generators, thermodynamic cycles, magnetic fields, and metasurfaces. The paper includes instructions for candidates, a table of constants, and specific tasks for each question, requiring calculations and theoretical derivations.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views9 pagesinpho question paper
The document is a question paper for the Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPHO) scheduled for February 2, 2025. It consists of five questions covering various physics topics, including experiments with flywheels, DC motors and generators, thermodynamic cycles, magnetic fields, and metasurfaces. The paper includes instructions for candidates, a table of constants, and specific tasks for each question, requiring calculations and theoretical derivations.
Uploaded by
AADARSHA BHATTARAICopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 9
Indian National Physis Olymplad (INPHOY 2
HABHA CENTRE FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION
Vv. iita Institute of Fundamental ‘Research
av Marg, Mankhurd, Mumbai, 400 088
Question Paper
Date: 02 February 2025
‘Time: 09:00-12:00 (3 hours) ‘Maximum Marks: 1%
|
| Instructions Roll Number: IFTOIS- (ITTHAI- pogisi2)
1. This booklet consists of 9 pages and total of 5 questions. Write roll mumber at the foP wherever
asked.
». Booklet to write the answers is provided separately. Instructions to writ the answers are O° the
Answer Booklet.
3, Non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed. ‘Mobile phones cannot be used as caleula-
tors. Ww
ul
44 Please submit the Answer Sheet at the end of the examination. You may retain the
Question Paper. ie
‘Table of Constants &
Speed of light in vacuum “3.00 10% mst
4.60 x 10-19 C
Magnitude of electron charge ¢
Value of 1/4re0
“Avogadro's number Na
‘Acceleration due to gravity 9
Universal Gas Constant
9.00 x 10° Nem?.C-*
6.022 x10% mol~?
981 ms?
8.31 J Knol
‘R 0.0821 batmmol“!-K-*
ky 1.8806 x 10% JK
Boltzmann constant
4n x 10-7 Hem?
Permeability constant 0
3 | 4] 5 | Total
Question Number | 1] 2
| f ‘Maximum Marks | 8 | 14 | 16 | 22 | 15
cs INPhO 2020 Questions
Page 2
Last four digits of Roll No:
4, The Flywheel Chronicles
In the following experiment we are interested i
ind
The free ends of the axle in a flywheel assembly pat
supports provided on the wall (see diagram below). "The diameter of th
otal wor done bythe axl in overcoming the fin in ‘hs two presi ger vation is 1G
massless string, attached to a point mass m is wound ti Bros Bee rote)
gale. ‘The string unwinds from the ande without alee eon cunts rithout overlnp) Co a
i
‘ning the moment of inertia of a flywheel,
Flywheel
Axle
aN
vom
Rigid support
oe
iW
Vv
yr ce
Oe Ne ae
‘m,N,T, and other known parameters.
(b) [3 marks] The following data has been obtained in this experiment.
m(gm)|N | T (sec) ot)
»
150.0 | 145.25 | 190.0 “VY
xa
200.0 | 200.00 | 225.5
a
250.0 | 238.50 } 235.5 we
Caleulate the value of I for n= 16, and = 139m. %
2. Gearminator: Rise of the Machines
involving a DC motor and a DC generator coupled mechan
vier idealized conditions, to explore the power output and
re below). The schematic gearbox assembly is also
We consider a “thought experiment”
ically through a gearbox, operating un
efficiency of the system (see schematic figu
shown in the figure. Questions
commutator
G Generator
Boo gear
Gearbox
Both the motor and the generator have NV loops of area A and rotate in a ‘uniform magnetic field of
strength B. As usual, both the motor and the generator use commutstors {indicated by the blue
blocks) to reverse the direction of curzent in each arm every halt cycle, to ensure unidirectional
output. The generator is connected to an external resistant R, and the motor is driven by a
conetant voltage Var with an internal resistance 7. ‘The gearbox is {dealized, with no energy loss
gue to friction or othervvise, and no slipping between the teeth of the gears. For a pair of meshing
gears, as shown above, the angular speed ratio, also known as the gear ratio X, is defined as:
x=,
oe
where wy and wg are the angular velocities of the motor and the generator, respectively. Let
(Pq), and (Py) be the time-averaged generator ‘output power and’the time-averaged motor input
power, respectively, over one complete cycle.
(a) [6 marks] Derive the expression for wa in terms of X, Ry rand the given parameters. For
Porn te ofr aad R, determine the expression of X for which wa is maximum:
(b) [3 marks] Derive the expression for the generator ‘output power (Pa) in terms of X, R, ry
and the given parameters. For fixed values of 7 ‘and R, determine the expression of X for
which (Pa) is maximum.
(0) [5 marks] For fixed values of r and R, determine the condition on X for which the efficiency
1 is maximum, where i
{Pod
(Pa)
Calculate this maximum value of
3, Love is in the air
|| A thormodynamie cycle is performed for one mole of an ideal monoatomic gas. The representation
of this cycle is in the shape of a “heart” in the volume (V) — temperature (T) graph (shown as the
Shaded area below). However, neither of the axes are provided in the graph. The graph is drawn
aaa ‘along the V-axis representing litre, and 1 em along the T-axis representing
0K,
It is given that the pressure at the point X is minimum for the whole eyele, with the temperature
and volume at this point being Tx = 2241 and Vx = 24litre, |
Page 4
|. The Magnetic Black Box (MBB) iF
INPhO 2025 Questions Last four digits of Roll No.:
r
A
N
(a) [13 marks] Draw both the V and 7’ axes to scale in the same diagram given in the Summary
‘Answersheet. Indicate the origin by “O”, Justify your answer in the detailed answersheet, YOu
are given one extra answer box in the answersheet, in case of any mistake in the first.
(b) [3 marks] For the axes and origin you have drawn, indicate the point(s) on the graph whe?
the pressure is/are maximum in the cycle by @ and label it as Pras on the curve, Determil®
the value of the maximum pressure. 5
if
‘A magnetometer is a Hall-offect-based sensor that measures the magnetic field at its locatiob
In the figure below, a magnetometer is located somewhere inside a closed “magnetic black ba
(which we shall henceforth refer to as MBB) of negligible thickness. Fig, (1) gives a top viel!
where the red rectangle depicts the MBB. The plane of the rectangle is taken as the ey pl
of coordinates, with the origin O taken at the top right corner. The unknown location of
magnetometer is denoted by the coordinates (xo, yo). For example, it could be located
at Page 5. INPhO 2025,
Questions
sition marked by © insi
po © inside the MBB. Note that the actual location of the magnetometer
inside the MBB may be diff i
this problem as well ferent from that in the figure; this is true for all subsequent figures in
MBB ‘Test magnet
Figure 1: Schematic representation of the magnetie black box (MBB) and a test magnet.
‘The components Be, By and B, of the magnet field measured by the magnetometer depend on
the strength and the orientation of the magnetic dipole moment, of a magnet positioned neary
neste aistence R between the’center of the magnet and the magnetometer. The effect of the
Earth's magnetic field is neglected throughout this problem.
Vanya is performing an experiment using the MBB. She has to first locate the exact position of
the magnetometer inside the MBB. She has a cubical test magnet of side length w = 10mm (see
Fig, (1)) and unknown dipole strength P.
She places the MBB on @ wooden table, Then she records the magnetic field values displayed by
the magnetometer as the test magnet is moved either parallel to the y-axis while keeping = fixed
(vertical sean) or parallel to the a-axis while keeping y fxed (1 mntal scan) as shown in
Fig. (2). The magnitudes of the distances, r= ‘and ry, measured from the center of the magnet,
are also shown in the figure.
Rorizontal scan (orientation IV)
Te
—
Vertical scan (orientation IV)
oh By Sy
e'[ |! Pr
)
‘Vertical san (orientation 9!) Horizontal scan (orientation 1)
Figure 2: Some of the configurations of the
Fig, (3) for the explanation of orientations
yertical and horizontal scans as seeh from the top. See
For each scan, Vanya also tris different orientations of the magnet by aligning the dipole momer
For cacy tthe parallel or anti-parallel to the y-axis or 33 ‘The different orientations (I to IV)
vectetown in Fig. (3)- During the experiment, assume that the magnetometer location and
Imagnet’s center are at the same height (Le. their eoordinates are always the same). the
ye ae Page 6 __INPhO 2025 Questions Last four digits of Roll No.:
ff oo oo
U
m1 Vv
Figure 3: Different orientations of the test magnet
‘The graphs in Fig. (4) display the variation of the magnetie field B,
for four of the vertical
horizontal scans (denoted by A, B, C, D) with certain combinations o sas
f the orientations,
Horizontal Sean (ry fixed)
2,000 [HTT FE
I] --- A
—B
1,000 il
ei |
o 0 1 |
a | Hi
1,000 1 HT It
7 6 =1 0 1 2
2,000 H rt +
ail ae
1,000 i HH te
3S nin
7 UI
¢ Hoar TI HN
—1,000 +H Ht t
<3 —2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
ry (cm)
Figure 4
(a) [7 marks] Based on the above plots, identify which orientations (I-IV) these curves belons
to. To indicate your answer, fill in the table in the answershect. Determine the coordinates
(0,0) of the magnetometer’s position, You must justify your answers. '
(b) Vanya is given two cuboidal magnetic sets M1 and M2, each constructed using two identical —
cubic magnets (of side length w = 10mm). In set M1, two magnets, each of dipole momett
P’, are joined in an attractive configuration. In set M2, the magnets are joined in a repulsive
configuration using a strong adhesive. Thus, each magnetic set has a length of 2w (as sho™®
in Fig. (6)). a
* Vanya aligns the contral axis (XX° in Fig. ()) of one magnetic sot M1 or M2 such tet
central axis passes through the magnetometer and is parallel to the z-axis. A representatia
of the setup is shown in Fig. 6. By keeping the y-coordinate fixed at yo, Vanya moe
i magnetic set parallel to the z-axis. The distance from the magnetometer to the midpoit Page 7 __INPhO 2025
Questions
Figure 6: Setup for measuri dipole moment.
the magnetic set is R. For each position, she médsures the distance d, (the distance from the
face of the MBB to the nearest edge of the shaghetic set) and the corresponding magnetic
field component, Bs.
i, [5 marks] For the case of R > w, obtain expresions for the net magnetic field B at the
magnetometer due to M1 and M2 in/terms of R\w, P’, and other constants. You may
assume that each individual magnet can be modQ{led as a pair of magnetic monopoles
separated by a distance w.
ii, [10 marks] One set of Vanya’s/lata is presented in\the table below.
de (anf | 8. Gt) | a (om) Be (2)
of -1359 | 31
23 | 68 | 3.3
25 | -1001 35 ~493\
27 855 3.7 447
29 “743, 49 -398
Plot a suitablylinear graph to analyze the data, and from the graph, identify whether
the data belphgs to M1 or M2. Justify your answer. From the salve linear plot (or a
diferent on), calculate P’ of the individual magnets used in construfting the maguetic
set. Page 8 INPhO 2025 Questions Last four digits of Roll No.: 7
5. Metalens ‘
‘A metasurface isa two-dimensional, ultra-thin optical structure consisting of an array of nanospag,
optical nano-clements (also known as mota-atomns) on a flat surface (typically an ultra-thin g
plate) ‘The primary function of the nano-elements isto locally introduce a phase shit} (7) tothe
wave, incident at position F. This function, ¢(#), is called the phase profile of the metasurface,
Metatens hos a circular metasurface with a circularly symmetric phase profile function, (+), whigy
depends on the distance of the point from the center of the metalens (see figure below), Thy
type of metalens ean be used for focusing incoming parallel rays to a point. Unlike normal lenses,
the metalens will look just like an ultrathin circular dise.
r
y
Metaids
Consider two homogeneous media of refractive indices ny and n2 separated by a metalens as shown
in the figure below. Suppose a beam of plane wave is incident at point Q (at distance r from the
pole P) on the metasurface at an angle of 6; from medium 1. Assume that the rays falling at Q
are in the plane containing PQ and the axis of the lens (xz plane). ‘These rays will be refracted
at an angle 42 in the medium 2. The angle of refraction 62 depends on r. Thus, the modified law
of refraction for the metasurface can be written as
‘my sin — np sin B= f(r)
Similarly, the rays falling at Q', at a distance r’, will be refracted by an angle 04,
‘Metalens
©) [8 marks] Find f(r) in terms of 4(r) and ho, the wave number of the incoming wave in |
— To determine f(r), assume two rays in ¢-z plane incident at an angle 6; at
a 7
