IIT JEE Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics

CHAPTER TREND
During past 3 years, 109 cornceptual-
and 69 numericals of difficult level

26
in JEE Main, parallelly 6 questions of
Three Dimensional moderate level in JEE Adv. were asked
from this chapter.

Geometry For detailed analysis scan QR code

O:

Topic 1 System of Co-ordinates, Direction Cosines

and Direction Ratios of a Line

Objective Qquestion I (Onlyonecorrectoption)

1. Let Q be the cube with the set of vertices 4. Let a be the angle between the lines whose direction
{(x1,X, Xy)eR':x,x, Xj € {0, 1} }. Let F be the set cosinessatisfy theequations /+ m-n and
of all twelve lines containing the diagonals of the six +m²-' =0.Then,thevalueofsin a +cos a is
(2021 Main, 25 Feb. I, 2018, 14, 13)
faces of the cube Q. Let S be the set of all four lines
(a) 3/4 (6) S/8 (c) 1/2 (d) 3/8
containing the main diagonals of the cube Q; for
instance, the line passing through the vertices 5. ABC is triangle in a plane with vertices A(2,3, 5),
(0, 0, 0) and (1, 1, 1) is in S. For lines , and ,, let B(-1,3,2) and C(à, 5,4). If the medianthrough A is
dh,4) denote the shortestdistance betweenthem. equally inclined to the coordinate axes, then the value
Then, the maximum value of d (,, 4), as 4 varies over of (2 + +5)is (2016 Main, 10 April 13, 14)

)
F and I, varies over S, is (2023 Adv.)
(a) 1130 (b) 1348 (c) 1077 (d) 676
6. A line in the 3-dimensional space makes an angle

2. Let the line L pass through the point (0, 1, 2), intersect with both the X and Y-axes. Then, the set

the line
2
= 3 4
and be parallel to the of all valuesof is the interval (2014 Main, 9 April)

plane 2x +y-3z = 4. Then, the distanceof the point

P(1, -9,2) fromthe lineL is
(2023 Main, 6 April I)
(a) W74 (b) W54
(c) V69
d (d)9 7. The projections of a vector on the three coordiate
3. If two straight lines whose direction cosines are given axis are 6, -3,2 respectively. The direction cosines of
bytherelations + m- n=0,3/ +m + cnl =0are the vector are (2013 Main, 2009)

parallel, then the positive value of c is 6-3 2

(a) s
(2022 Main, 27 June I)

(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2

)-6 -3 2 (d) 6- 3,2
Three Dimensional Geometry 713

8. A line AB in three-dimensional space makes angles (a) 2/5 (b) 1/5

45° and 120° with the positive X-axis and the positive (c) 3/5 (d) 2/3
Y-axis respectively. If AB makesanacuteangle with
the positive Z-axis, then cquals (2010, 2007 (S)) Numerical Value/lnteger Answer Question
(a) 45°
10. Let P(-2 -1,1) and be thevertices of
(b) 60°
(c) 75°
the rhombus PORS. If the direction ratios of the
(d) 30°
diagonal RSare o, -1,B, where both a and ß are
9. A line makes the same angle 0, with each of the X and integersofminimumabsolutevalues,then ² +B is
Z-axes. If the angle B, which it makes with Y-axis, is
equal to ..... (2022 Main, 28 July I)
such that sin B=3 sin² e, then cos? 9 cquals (2004)

Topic 2 Lines
Objective Questions I (Onlyonecorrectoption) 5. The shortest distance between the lines

1, Let S be theset of all values of , for which the

shortest distance between the lines
* and= +is
1 1 2 0
(2023 Main, 10 April l)

x-A_y-_z+6and+*, is 13. (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 7

0 3 4 1 -4 0
6. For a, be Z and| a - b|s10, let the anglebetween the
Then,8 ais equal to (2023 Main, 15 April I) plane P :ar + y- z= band the line
hes
l:x-1=a- y= z +l becos If thedistance of
(a) 304 (b) 302 (c) 306 (d) 308

is
2. The line, that is coplanar to the line the point (6, -6,4) from the planeP is 3/6, then
(2023 Main, 13 April) a +b*isequalto (2023 Main, 8 April 1)
-3 1

(a) 48 (b) 85 (c) 32 (d) 25

02 7. The shortest distance between the lines

y-2_3-5
= (W
5
and-y- is

(2023 Main, 8 April l)

3. Let the lines

-2 3 1
and (a) 3W6 (b) 6V3 (c) 2\6 ()6V2
8. The shortest distance between the lines
h:3x +2y+ 2-2 =0=x-3y+2z -13becoplanar.If
the point P(a, b, c) on , is nearest to the point
Q-4,-3,2), then |a| +|b| +| clisequalto
(2023 Main, 12 April ) (2023 Main, 1 Feb I)

(a) 14 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 8 (a) 6/3 () 5/3 (c) 4V3 (d) 7N3
z+8 9. Let the shortest distance between the lines
4, Let the line intersect the lines
2
L: -2 0 ,20and
L :x+l= y-l =4- zbe2V6.If (a,B, y)liesonL,
points A and B respectively. Then, the distance of the
then which of the following is not possible?
mid-point of the line segment AB from the plane (2023 Main, 31 Jan I)
2x-2y+ z =14 is (2023Main,10April ) b (a)a -2y=19 (b) a + 2y = 24
(c)21 -Y=9 (d)2a + y =7
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c)- ()
714 Three Dimensional Geometry

10. The shortest distance between the lines 17. The shortest distance between the lines

z–4
and
2-6 I -3
(2023 Main, 29 Jan I|)
x-3_y-2,2-and+3_y-6_2-5s
2 3 -] 1
22
(2022 Main, 27 June I)

(b)-
(a) sV3 (6) 3/3 (e) 443 (d) 2/3
46
11. The shortestdistancebetweenthelines x+l=2y (c)- (d) 65
3/5
=-12z andx = y+2 =62-6is (2023 Main, 25 Jan I1)

(a) 3 (c) 2 18. If the two lines 4

2and i,
12. The distance of the point P(4, 6, -2) from the line are perpendicular, then an angle

is
passing through the point (-3, 2,3) and parallel to a
line with direction ratios 3, 3, -l is equal to betweenthelines(, and i, :
-4 4
(2023 Main, 25 Jan I)
(2022 Main, 26 June I)
(a) V14 (b) 3 (c) 2/3 (a) V6

13. The foot of perpendicular of the point

t (b)sec
(2,0, 5) on the line _y-l_2+1.(a,B.).
(e)co ()cos-
Then, which of the following is not correct? W29
(2023 Main, 25 Jan I1) 19. If the shortest distance between the lines

a)P--5 (b)4= 8
(e
a
()4
14. Considerthe lines L and L givenby
Y 15 then the sum of all possible values of 2 is

i.tEsos. (2022 Main, 24 June Il)

(a) 16 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 15

1_y-3:-2,-2_y-2_2-3 20. If the foot of the perpendicular from point

1
2
A line L, having direction ratios 1, -1-2, intersects
3
(4,3,8)onthelineL :
3 4
-l0is
Ļ and L, at the points P and Q, respectively. Then, (3, 5, 7), then the shortest distance between the line L
the length of line segment PQ is (2023 Main, 25 Jan I)
andlineL,: is equalto
(a) 4/3 (b) 4 (c) 2/6 (() 3W2
(2021Main,16March )
15. If the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (a) 11/2 (b) V/6 (c) 23 (a)VW3
P(a,4,2),a>Oontheline + -3_2 21. The distance of the point having position vector
-i+2) +6k from thestraight linepassingthroughthe
2/6 unitsand Q(a,, a, a,) istheimageof thepoint
3 point(2,3, -4) andparallel to thevector, 6î + 3j-4k
P in this line,then a+ )a, isequalto is
i=l (2022 Main, 27 July l) (2019 Main, 10April l)
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 12 () 14 (a) 2/13 (b) 4/3 (c) 6 (d) 7

16. The shortest distance between the lines

22. Ifthelines
2
y+l 3
Z-1
4
and- -k2 2
x+1_-b=
7 zand= y-2=z -6is
1

6 2
(2022 Main, 25 July I) intersect, then the value of k is (2004, 1M)

(a) 2\29 (b) 1 () ()- 3

2
Three Dimensional Geometry. 715

ObjectiveQuestions II key
idea
(0 Direction ratios of a line joiníng two points
(x.Y,4) and(x,. Y,.z)are
(Oneormorethanonecorrectontion) t
23. Let L, and L, be the following straight lines. (0) If the two lines with direction ratiós
a,b,C,ia,.b,.C, are perpendicular, then
a, a, + b, b, + C,C, = 0
4 andL,
27. A line Ipassing through the origin is perpendicular to
Suppose the straight line the lines (2013 Adv.)

L-y-l2-Y
-2 m
4:(3+ni+ (-1+21)j+(4+21)k,- o< 1<
and , :(3 +2s)i+(3 +25)j+(2+s)k-o<s<o
lies in the plane containing L and L, andpasses
Then, thecoordinate(s) of the point(s) on , at a
throughthe point ofintersectionof L and L,. If the distance of /17 from the point of intersection of l and
line L bisects the acute angle between the lines L, and
, is(are)
L, then which of the followingstatementsis/are
TRUE? t (2020 Adv.) (b) (-1,-1, 0)
(a)a -y=3 (b) /+ m=2
(c)a -y=1 (d) l+m=0 (e) (1,1, 1)
24. ThreelinesL, :r=Ai, Ae R, L, :r=k+nj,HeR
Equation of straight line is
and L :r=i+j+vk, ve R aregiven.Forwhich
C
point(s) Q on L, can we find a point P on L and a
Since, I is perpendicular to I, andl,.

si
point R on L so that P,Q and R are collinear? So, its DR's are cross-product of , and I,.
(2019 Ad.) NoW, to find a point on l, whose distance is given,
(a) k (b) k +j assume a point and find its distance to obtain point.

(e)k+} ob' (a)k- Numerical Value/Integer Answer Questions

25. Let L and L, denote the lines 28. Let a line /pas through the origin and be
perpendicular to the lines
r=it-i +2j+2k),eRandr=u(2i-j+2k),
HeR respectively.If L, is a line which is
r=i-lj-7Ê) + Ai+23+sk)AeR
perpendicular to both L and L, and cuts both of them,
andl, :r=(-i+k) +ei +2j +k)»,ueR.
then which of the following optionsdescribe(s) L? If P isthepoint ofintersectionof land ,, and
Qa,B, Y) is the foot ofperpendicular from P on ,,
(a)r=(2i-j+2k)+r(zi +2j-k)te R (2019 Adv)
9 then 9(a +B+ y) is equal to
(2023 Main, 11 April l)
b)r=(a+k)+«å+j-k\reR
()r-si+j+k)+«å+j-k)ıeR
9
rhe
lines nd -
intersect, then the magnitude of the minimum value of
(d)r=(+ 2j-k\reR 8aß is ..... (2023 Main, 6 April I)
26. FromapointP (., , ),perpendicularsPQandPR 30. One vertex of a rectangular parallelopiped is at the
are drawn respectively on the lines y=x, z =l and origin O and the lengths of its edges along X, Y and Z
y=-x,z=-1.IfP is such that QPR is a right angle, axes are 3, 4 and 5 units respectively. Let P be the
then the possible value(s) of is (are) (2014 Adv.) vertex (3, 4, 5). Then, the shortest distance between the
(a) 2 (b))1 diagonal OP and an edge parallel to Z-axis, not
(c) -1 (d) -/2 passing through O or P is (2023Main,6 April)
716 Three Dimensional Geometry

31. Let a line L pass through the point P(2, 3, 1) and be x+z-3=0= yandGbe thecentroidofAABC. Ifthe
paralleltotheline x +3y-2z-2 =0=x- y+2z. If minimum length of GD is
the distance of L from the point (5,3,8) is a, then 3a? 57
V2thenc isequal to.
is equal to ...... (2023 Main, 30 Jan I) (2022 Main, 30 June )

32. Let the co-ordinates of one vertex of AABC be 37. If the shortestdistance betwcen the lines
A(0,2, a) and the other two vertice lie on the line
r=(-i+3k)+ Ai-aj)
= For . eZ, if theareaofA4BC is
21 sq units and the line segment BC has length
andr=(-j+2k) +nú -j+k) s ;,hen the
2V21units,then: is equal to ...... to11 integral value of a is equal to ...
80 (2023 Main, 29 Jan I)

33. If the shortest distance between the line joining the .hdat. (2022Main,24June)

points (1, 2, 3) and (2, 3, 4) and the line

Match the Columns
2 -1 0
is a, then 28a is equal to ...
(2023Main,25Jan ) . 38. Match the statement in column-I with the values in
column-II. (2010)
34. The shortest distance between the lines
x-2_ y+l _2-6 Column-I Column-II
3 2 2
A. A line from the origin meets the lines
8
p.-4
-2_y-!_2+and +3
(2023 Main, 24 Jan I) 1
-2 1 2 -1
key
idea
To find the shortest distance between the lines firstly
find the vector form of lines. Then, use of formula =aPand Q
respectively.
Ifthe
SD =- a,)-(b,x b,) lengthPQ= d,then d' is
|b, x b,l

35. If the shortest between the lines

B. The values of x satisfying 4 0

tan'( + 3)- tan'(-3)

x+v6_y-o_2-6
2

od-À_y-2V6
3

4
4
z+2/6.
5
6, then the squareof C.
= sin'
)
Non-zero vectors a, b and c satisfy r. 4
a:b=0 (b- a)-(b+ c)=0and
sum of all possible values of 2 is (2023Main,24Jan ) 2| b+c|= | b-aļ Ifa = ub+ 4c, then the
possible values ofu are
key If two lines are not parallel, then the shortest

distance
is, d=, xb,)-(a,-a,)| D. Let fbe the function on [- %, n] given by s. S
|b, x b,l
f(0)=9andf() = sin/sin
36. Consider a AABC whose vertices are A(0, a, .),
x#0 Thevalueof su dr is
B(, 0, a) and C(a, a, 0), a >0. Let D be a point
moving on the line
b he t. 6

{)
Three Dimensional Geometry- 717

Topic 3 Plane
Objective Questions I (Onlyonecorrectoption) 8. Let the image of the point P(1, 2,6) in the plane
passing through the points A(1,2, 0), B(1, 4, 1) and
1. Let the foot ofperpendicularof the point P (3, -2, -9)
C(0, 5, 1)be Q(a,B. Y).Then,(a +B² +y') is equal
on the plane passing through the points (-1, -2, -3),
to (2023 Main, 10 April l)
(9, 3, 4), (9,-2, 1) be Q(a, B. Y). Then, distance ofQ
from the origin is (2023 Main, 15 April I) (a) 70 (b) 76
(c) 62 (d) 65
(a) W29 (b) \42
9. If the equation of the plane containing the line
(c) V35 (d) V38
x+2y+3z -4=0 =2x+ y-z+5andperpendicular
2. Let N be the foot of perpendicular from the point
totheplane r=(î-j) + ai+j+k+ uî-2+3k) is
P(,-2,3) on the line passing through the points
ax +by +cz = 4, then (a - b+c) is equal to
(4, 5, 8) and (1, - 7, 5). Then, the distance of N from
theplane2x -2y+ z +5=0 is (2023 Main, 13 April I) (a) 20 (b) 24 (2023 Main, 8 April I)
(c) 18 (d) 22
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 8
10. A plane P contains the line of intersection of
3. Let the equation of plane passing through the line of
intersectionof the planesx +2 y+ az =2 and theplaner- (îi+ĵ +) =6andr- (2i+3j+4k)=-5.
x-y+z=3 beSx -11y+ bz=6a -1 Force Z, if the IfP passesthrough the point (0, 2, -2), then the
2 squareof distance of the point (12, 12, 18) from the
distance of this plane from the point (a, - G c) is plane P is (2023Main,6April )
(a) 620 (b) 155
a+b (c) 1240 (d) 310
then is equal to
(2023 Main,13 April)
11. Let the image of the point P(2, -1,3) in the plane
(a) 2 (b) - 4 (©)-2 (d) 4
x+2y- z=0 beQ.Then,thedistanceof the plane
4. Let P be the plane passing through the points (5, 3, 0), 3x +2y+ z +29 =0 from the point is
(13, 3, -2) and (1, 6, 2). For, ae N, ifthe distances of (2023 Main, 1 Feb )
thepoints A(3, 4, ) and B(2, C, a) from theplane P () 2/14 () 222 (d) 3/14
are 2 and 3 respectively, then the positive value of a is
(2023Main, 11 April ) 12. A vector a is parallel to the line of intersection of the
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 5 (a) 4
planedeterminedby the vectors i, i+jand the plane
5. Let the line passing through the points P(2 -1,2) and determinedbythevectors i-jj i +k. Theobtuse
Q5,3, 4)meettheplane x- y+ z=4 at thepointR. angle between a and the vector b= i-2j+2k.
Then, the distance of the point R from the plane (2022 Main, 26 July l1)
x+2y+3z +2 =0measuredparallel to the line
(a) 4 3
(a) 6
x-1_y+ -2is equalto (2023Main, 11 April ) 13. A plane E is perpendicular to the two planes
(a) 189 (b) V31 (c) 3 () V6i 2r-2y+z=0 andx - y+22 = 4andpassesthrough
6. If equation of the plane that contains the point thepoint PU,-41), If thedistanceof the plane E from
(-2,3,5) and isperpendiculartoeach of theplanes the point Q (a, 4, 2) is 3V2, then(PQ)° is equal to
2r + 4y+5z =8and 3x-2y +3z=5 is (2022 Main, 25 July I1)
ax+By ++97 =0,thena +ß +y= (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 21 (d) 33
(2023 Main, 11 April I)

(a) 17 (c) 16 (d) 15 14. In the mirror image of the point (2, 4, 7) in the plane
(b) 118
3x- y+4z =2 is (a, b, c), then 2a + b +2cis equal to
7. Let (,B. ) betheimageof the pointP(2,3,5) in the
plane2x +ty-3z =6.Then,a +ß+y isequalto [ 2022 Main, 29 June l)
(2023 Main, 11 April )
(a) S4 (b) 50
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) - 6 (d) – 42
(c) S (d) 9
718 Three Dimensional Geometry

15. The acute angle between the planes P, and P, when 21. The length of the projection of the line segment
P and P, are the planes passing through the joining the points (5, -1, 4) and (4, - 1,3) on theplane,
intersection of the planesSx +8y +13z-29 =0 and X+y+z=7is e (2018 Main)

&r -7y+z-20 =0 and the points (2, 1, 3) and (a) 2/ W3 (b) 2/3 (c) 1/3 ()V2/3
(0, 1, 2), respectively, is (2022 Maini,28June ) Length of projection of the line segment joining a,
key
idea
(c)
6
(d),
12
anda,ontheplaner.-n=dis l -,)xn
|n
16. Let the points on the plane P be cquidistant from the
22. The equation of the plane passing through the point
points (-4,2, 1) and (2,-2,3). Then, the acute angle
(4,1,1)andperpendicular to the planes2x + y -2z =5
between the plane P and the plane 2x + y +3z = l is
and 3x -6y-2z = 7 is (2017 Ad.)
(2022 Main, 24 June I)
(a) 14x + 2y- 152 = 1 (b)- 14x +2y + 15z =3
(a)T
6
(C) ()Sr
12
(c) 14x- 2y + 15z = 27 (d) 14x+ 2y+ 15z = 31

23. The equation of the plane containing the lines

17. If the miror imageof the point (1, 3, 5) withrespect
2x -Sy+ z=3, x+y+4z =5 and parallel to theplane
to the plane 4x -5y +2z =8 is (a, B. Y), then
x+3y+6z =l is (2015 Main)
S(a +ß+Y) equals (2021 Main, 26 Feb l)
(a) 2x + 6)y + 12z= 13 (b) x+3y+ 6z= -7
(a) 47 (b) 43 (c) 39 (d)41
(d) 2r+ 6y+ 12x=-13
(c) x+ 3y+6z=7
18. Consider the three planes
24. Distancebetween two parallelplanes 2r+ y+2z =8
P:3r+15y+ 21z=9, P,:x-3y- z=5 and4x +2y +4z+5=0 is (2013 Main)
and P, : 2r +10y+14z=5
(a) 3/2 (b) S/2 (c) 7/2 (d) 9/2
Then, which one of the following is true ?
(2021 Main, 24 FebI) 25. TFthe distance of the point P (1, -2, 1) from the plane
(a) P and P, are parallel x+2y-2z=0, where >0, is 5, then the foot ofthe
(b) P and P, are parallel perpendicular form P to the plane is (2010)
(c) P, and P, are parallel
(d) P,P nd P, allareparallel
5-3)
19. The mirror image of the point (1, 2, 3) in a plane is

Which of the following points lies on

o9)
26.' A line with positive direction cosinespassesthrough
this plane? (Main 2020, 8 Jan |) the point P(2, -1, 2) and makes equal angles with the
(a) (1,- 1, 1) (b) (-1,-1,1) coordinate axes. The line meets the plane
(c) (1, 1, 1) (d) (-1,-1l-1) 2x + y+ z =9 atpoint . Thelengthofthe line
segment PỘ equals (2009)
20. A plane which bisects the angle between the two
givenplanes2x - y+2z - 4 =0and
(a) 1 (b) \2 (c) V3 (d) 2

x+2y +2z -2 =0,passesthroughthepoint 27. A plane passes through (1, -2, l) and isperpendicular
(2019 Main, 12 April I) to twoplanes2r -2 y+ z=0 and x- y+22=4, then
(a) (1,-4, 1) (b) (1,4,- 1) the distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is
(2006, 3M)
(c) (2,4, 1) (d) (2, – 4, 1)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) W2 ()2/2
| key idea
Equation of planes bisecting the angles between the
planes 28. Avariableplane ++$=lat a unitdistancefrom
a, x + b,y+ , z + d, = 0and
a, X + b, y + Cz 2 + d, = 0,are
origin cuts the coordinate axes at 4, B and C. Centroid
å, x + b,y+ Cz + d,
1 1

Ja + bị + c? (x, y, z)satisfiesthe equation+

r? =K.The
a, X + b, y + Cz 2 +t dy
=t value of K is (2005, 2M)
Jaj + bị + cị
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 1/9 (d) 1/3
Three Dimensional Geometry 79
Objective Questions II ratios of the line of intersection of P, and P, be 16, a,\
(One or more than one correct option) B,thenthevalue ofa +B isequal to ...
(2022 Main, 29 June 1)
29. Let S be the reflection of a point Q with respect to the
planc given by Match the Columns
r=-(ttp)i +tj+(+ p)k 34. Consider the following linear equations

where t, pare real parameters and i, j, k are the unit ar + by + cz =0, bx + cy+ az =0, cx+ ay + bz =0
(2007, 6M)
vectors along the three positive coordinate axes. If the
position vectors of Q and S are 10i +15j +20k ColumnI Column II
and a i +ßj+yk respectively,thenwhichofthe A. a+b+c 0and p. The equations represent
following is/are TRUE ? aale (2022Adv.) planes meeting only at
a'+b? +c =ab+ bc + ca
a single point
(a) 3(a +B)=-101l
(b) 3(B+ Y)=-71 B. a+b+c= 0and The equations represent
(c)3(y+ a)=- 86 theline x= y=z
() 3(a + B+y)=-121 a'+b' + ab+ bc+ca
30. Let a,B, y, S be real numbers such that C. a+b+c+ 0and r. The cquations represent
identical planes
a'+ß +y' *0 anda +y =1.Supposethepoint(3, a'+b'+ c ab+ bc+ca
2, -1) is the mirror image of the point (1, 0, -1) with
D. a+b+c=0 and s. The equations represent
respect to the plane ax +By+yz =8. Then which of the whole of the
aʻ+b+e= ab + be +-ca
the following statements is/are TRUE? (2020 Adv.) three-dimensional space

(a) a +ß=2 (b) 8-y=3

(c) 8+ß=4 (d) a +B+y=8 Fill in the Blanks
31. In R',considertheplanes P,:y=0 andP, :x+z=l 35. A non-zero vector a is parallel to the line of
Let P, be a plane, different fromP and P, which intersection of the plane determined by the vectors
passesthrough theintersection of P and P,. If the i, i+ jand theplanedeterminedbythevectors i-jį
distance of the point (0, 1, 0) from P, is l and the j+k. Theanglebetweena and the vector i -2j + 2k
distance of a point (a, B, y) from P, is 2, then which of 1S (1996, 2 M)
..........
the following relation(s) is/are true? (2015 Adv.)
36. The unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined
(a) 201 + B + 2y + 2=0 (b) 2a -B+2y + 4 =0
(d) 2a - B+ 2y-8=0 by P(, -1,2), 02,0, -1) and R(0,2, 1) is.........
() 2a +ß-2y-10=0 (1983, 1 M)

Numerical Value/lnteger Answer Questions

Subjective Questions
32. Let P be the plane V3x +2y+3z=16 and let
37. Find the equations of the plane containing the line
S= (ai +Bj + yk :a? +B² +y' =1andthedistanceof 2x- y+z-3=0,3x + y+z=5and at adistance of
(a,B, ) fromtheplaneP is7/2}. 1
from the point (2, 1, - 1).
Let u, v and w be three distinct vectors in S such that (2005, 2M)
[u -v]=[v- w]=[w-uļ LetVbethevolumeofthe 38. T is a parallelopiped in which A,B, C and D are
parallelopiped determined by vectors u, v and w.
vertices of one face and the face just above it has
Then,thevalue ofV is ..... (2023 Adv.) correspondingvertices A', B',C', D', T is now
compressed to S with face ABCD remaining same
33. Let P, :r-(26+j-3k) = 4 be a plane. Let P, be and A', B', C', D' shifted to A", B", C", D'" in
S. The volume of parallelopiped S is reduced to 90 %
another plane which passes through the points
of T. Prove that locus of 4'' is a plane. (2004, 2M)
(2-3,2), (2, -2, -3) and (, - 4,2). If thedirection

4
720 Three Dimensional Geometry

Topic 4 Lines and Plane

Objective Questions I (0nly onecorrectoption) 7. If the equation of the plane passing through the line of
1. The plane, passing through the points (0,– 1,2) and intersectionoftheplanes 2x- y+ z=3,
4x-3y+ 5z +9 =0 andparallel to the line
(-121) and parallel to the linepassingthrough
(5,1,-7) and (1, -1, -1), alsopassesthrough the point x+1_ yt_7-is ax+by+ cz +6=0,then
(2023 Main, 13 April I) -2
a+b+c isequalto (2023 Main, 6 April I)
(a) (2, 0, 1) (b)(-2,5,0) (©) (1,-2,1) () (0,5,-2)
(a) 14 (b) 15
2. The distance of the point (-1,2,3) from the plane
(c) 12 (d) 13
r-(i-2j+ 3k) =10paralleltothelineof theshortest
8. Let the plane P passess through the intersection of the
distancebetweenthelines r= (i-j) +a(2i+k) planes2x +3y - z =2and x +2y +3z =6andbe
andr= (2i-j) +ấ-j+ Â)is perpendiculartotheplane2x +y-z+1=0. Ifd isthe
(2023 Main, 13 April I) distanceof P from the point (-7,1, 1),then d isequal
(a) 3/6 (b) 2V6
to (2023 Main, 1 Feb l)
(c) 2/5 (d) 3/5
3. Let the plane P:4x- y+z=10 be rotated by an angle
la)s (b)250
82

about its line of intersection with the plane

x+y-z=4. Ifa isthedistanceofthe point(2,3, -4)

(c)30 () 53

key To find the value of distance P from given point,

from the new position of the plane P, then 35a is
idea firstly find the equation of plane. Then, used
equal to (2023 Main, 12 April l) distance formula to evaluate the value of distance.

(a) 126 (b) 90 (c) 85 (d) 105

9. Let the plane P:8x +a,y+ ,z+12 = 0 be parallel to
4. Let P be the point of intersection of the line

3
x+3_y+_-2and theplanex +y+z=2 Ifthe
1
2
distance of the point P from the plane
theline L:
3
x+2_y-3_z+If
5
theinterceptofP
on the Y-axis is 1, then the distance between P and L
is 3 2.4 (2023 Main, 31 Jan I)
3x-4y+12z = 32 is q, then q and 2q are the roots of
6
the equation (2023 Main, 10 April ) (a) V7/2

(a)x-18x + 72=0 (b) x² +1&r + 72 =0

(c) Vi4 ()W2/7
(c)x-1&-72 =0 (d)x² +18&r -72=0
10, Let P be the plane. passing through the point
5. Let two vertices of a A ABC be (2, 4, 6) and
(1,-4-5)and perpendicularto theline joining the
(0, -2,- 5), and its centroidbe (2, 1, - 1), If the points (4, 1, -3) and (2, 4,3). Then, the distance of P
image of the third vertex in the plane x +2y + 4z =|1 from the point (3, -2, 2) is (2023 Main,31Jan)
is (a,B. Y), then aß +py +ya is equal to (a) 7 (b) 6
(2023 Main, 10 April I)
(c) 4 (d) 5
h (a) 70 (b) 74 (c) 72 (d) 76
11. The foot of perpendicular from the origin O to a plane
6. Let P be the plane passing through the line
P which meets the c0-ordinate axes at the points 4, B,
-l_y-2* andthepoint C is (2, a, 4), a e N. If the volume of the tetrahedron
1 -3
0ABC is l44 unit, then which of the following
(2, 4, -3). If the imageof the point (- 1, 3, 4) in the points is not on P? (2023 Main, 31 Jan ll)
plane P is (a, B, ), then a +ß +y is equal to
(a) (0, 6, 3) (b) (3, 0, 4)
(2023Main,8April ) (c) (0, 4, 4) (d) (2, 2, 4)
a) 9 (6) 11 (c) 12 (d) 10
Three Dimensional Geometry. 721%

12. Ifa plancpassesthrough the points (-1, k, 0), 18. If the foot of the perpendicular drawn from
(1,9, 7) to the line passing through the point (3, 2, 1)
(2k, -1), (, 1,2) and is parallel to the line
1
and parallel to the planes x +2y + z =0 and 3y- z =3
k? +1 is (a, B. Y), then & +ß +y is equal to
2y+12+l thenthevalueof - is
2 (k-1) (k-2) (2023 Main, 24 Jan I)
(2023 Main, 30 Jan I)
(a)-1 (b) S (c) 3 (d) 1

(b)77 19. Let the plane containing the line of intersection of the
planesPl :x+(a +4)y+ z =l and P2 :2x + y+z =2
13. The line , passes through the point (2,6,2) and is pass through the points (0,1,0) and (1, 0, 1). Then, the
perpendicular to theplane 2x +y-2z =10. Then, the distanceofthe point (2., , -2) fromtheplaneP2 is
shortest distance between the line , and the line (2023 Main, 24 Jan I)
20 x+1_ y+4 (2023 Main, 30 Jan I)
(a) 2/6 (b) 4V6 (©) sJ6 (d) 3V6
2 -3 20. If the foot of the perpendicular from the point
(a) 13/3 (b) 9 A(-1,4,3) on the plane P :2x + my + nz = 4, is
(d) 19/3e snlo E
|-2:
(c) 7
thenthedistance of the point A from the
14. A vector v in the first octant is inclined to the X-axis
at 60, to the Y-axis at 45° and to the Z-axis at an acute plane P, measured parallel to a line with direction
angle. If a planepassingthrough thepoints (V2, -1, 1) ratios 3, - 1, - 4, is equal to
and (a, b, c) is normal to v, then (2023 Main, 30 Jan II) (2022 Main, 29 July I)

(a) a + b+ 2o=1 (b) a+ \26+c=1 (a) 1 (b) V26 () 22 (d) V14

(c) W2a+ b+c=l ()V2a-b+c=l ida 21. The distance of the point (3, 2, - 1) from the plane
15. The plane 2x -y+z=4 intersects the line segment 3x-y+4z +1=0alongtheline 2- y-3_z+1
joining the points A (4, -2,4) and B (2, b,-3) at the
is equal to
2 2
(2022 Main, 30 June )
point C in the ratio 2:l and thedistanceof the point
C from the origin is V5. If ab< 0 and P is the point (a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2

(a-b, b, 2b- a),thenCP isequalto ot 22. Let the foot of the perpendicular from the point

o (2023 Main, 29 Jan I) (1,2, 4) on the line

4 2
-t beP.
Then,
3

() 3
thedistance of P from the plane 3x +4y+12 +23 =0
(2022 Main, 27 June I)
(c)l6 63
(a) 5 (c) 4

16. Ifthelines y-2_2+3and

and 23. Let Q be the mirror image of the point P(1,0, 1) with

x-a_yt2z-
1 2 intersect at the point P, then the
respectto theplaneS :x+y+z=5. If a line Lpassing
through (1, -1,-1), parallel to the line PQ meets the
2 3 1

plane S at R, then QR is equal to

distance of the point P from the plane z = a is
(2023 Main, 29 Jan I) (2022 Main, 25 June )
(a) 22 (b) 110 (c) 28 (d) 16 (a) 2 (b) 5 (c)7 (d) 11

17. The distance of the point (-1,9,-16) from the plane 24. Let P be a plane lx + my + nz =0 containing the line,

2x +3y- z =5 measured parallel to the line |-x_ yt4_2+2 Ifplane Pdividestheline

1 2 3

3 (2023 Main, 24 Jan l) segment AB joining points A(-3, -6, 1)and

(a) 20/2 (b) 26 B (2, 4, -3) in ratio k:l, then the value ofk is equal to
(2021 Main, 16 March I)
(c) 31 (4) 13/2
(a) 1.5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
722 Three Dimension
onalGeometry

31. The point P is the intersection of the straight line

25. If theline intersects theplane
3 2 -1 joining the points 22, 3, 5) and R (1, -1,4) with the
2r +3y-z+13 =0ata point P and the plane planeSx -4y-z=1. IfS is the foot of the
3x + y+4z =16at a point Q, then PQ is equal to perpendicular drawn from the point T(2, 1,4) to OR.
(2019 Main, 12 April )
then the length of the line segment PS is
(a) 14 (b) 14 (2012)

(c) 2/7 (d) 2/14 1

(b) 42 (d) 2/2
(0)6 (c) 2

26. If the imageof the pointP(1, -2,3) in theplane PI

32. IfP is (3, 2, 6) is a point in space and be a point on
2x +3y- 4z +22 =0 mcasured parallel to the line
theline r = (i-j+2k) +4(-3i+j+sk). Then,the
isQ. then PQis cqualto
(2017 Main) value of u for which the vector PQ is parallel to the
(a) 3/5 (b) 2\42 (c) 42 (d) 6/5 planex - 4y +3z =1, is (2009)

27. Let P be the image of the point (3, 1,7) with respect (a) 1/4 (b) -1/4
to theplane x - y+z=3. Then,theequationofthe (c) 1/8 (d) -1/8
plane passing through P and containing the straight
33. The value ofk suchthat -2_-kjes ir
2
line i
(2016 Adv.) theplane 2x-4y+ z=7, is (2003, 1M)

(a)x + y-3z =0 (b) 3r + z =0 (a) 7

(c)x-4y + 72 =0 (d) 2x- y=0 (b)-7
28. The distance of the point (1, -5, 9) from theplane (c) Norealvalue t
(d) 4
x-y+z=5 measuredalongtheline x =y= z is
(2016 Main) Objective
QuestionsI
(a) 3V1o (b) 10/3 (One or more than one correct option)
()20 34. Let P, and P, be two planes given by

29. The distance of the point (1,0, 2) from the point of P :10x+15y+12z - 60= 0
-2 P,:-2x+5y + 4z-20 =0
intersection
oftheline 2 y+l2- andthe
3 4 Which of the following straight lines can be anedge
planex - y+z=16is (2015 Main) of some tetrahedron whose two faces lie on P andP,?
(a) 2/14 (b) 8 (c) 3/21 (d) 13
(2022 Adv)
30. Perpendicular are drawn from points on the line

x+2_ y+l_to theplanex + y+ z=3.Thefeetof (e) 4: -2 S 4 3

perpendiculars lie on the line 35. Let P :2x+ y-z=3 and P, :x+2y + z =2betwo
(2013 Adv.) planes. Then, which of the following statement(s)is

(a)= 8 -2
-13
5
(6) 2
3 :-2-5
(are) TRUE?
(a) The line of intersection of P and P, hasdirection
(2018 Adv.)

-7
() -z-2 5
ratios 1, 2, -1

(b)The
line-4_1-3y
9
perpendicular
is
key To find the foot of perpendiculars and find its locus.
idea line ofintersection of P and P,
Formula used
Foot of perpendicular from(x, Y,, z) to (c) The acute angle between P and P, is 60°
ax + by + cz + d= 0be (x. Y, Z,), then (d) IfP, is the plane passing through the point (4,2,-2)
K,-M2 4-4
a b C
and perpendicular to the line of intersection of P and
P,, then the distance of the point (2, 1, 1) from the
-(ax,+ by,+cz + d)
a + b +c? plane P,
Three Dimensional Geometry. 723

36. Consider a pyramid OPORS Iocated in the first octant (c) Statement I is true; Statement Il is false

(x 20, y>0, 220) with O as origin, and OP and OR (d) Statement I is false:; Statement Il is true

along the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively. The base 40. Considertheplanes 3r -6y-2z =15 and
OPQR of the pyramid is a square with OP =3. The 2r+ y-22 =5.
point S is dircctly above the mid-point T of diagonal
Statement I The parametric equations of the line of
0Q such that TS =3. Then, (2016 Adv.)
intersection of the given planes are x =3+141,
(a) the acute angle between 0Q and OS is rI3 y=1+2, z=15t.
(b) the cquation of the plane containing the AOOS is

i -y=0
(c) the length of the perpendicular from P to the plane
StatementII Thevectors14 i +2 j+15k isparallelto
the line of intersection of the given planes.
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true,
(2007, 3M)

containing the A0QS is 3/V2

StatementI is the correct explanation of Statement I
(d) the perpendicular distance from O to the straight line
(b) StatementI is true,Statement II is also true;
containing RS is /15/2
Statement II is not the correct explanation of
37. In R, let L be a straight line passing through the Statement I

origin. Suppose that all the points on L are at a (c)StatementI is true; Statement I is false
constant distance from the two planes (d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true

P:x+2y- z+l=0andP,:2x - y+z-1=0. LetM

oi be the locus of the foot of theperpendicularsdrawn Numerical Value/Integer Answer Questions
from the points on L to the plane P. Which of the 41. Let theplaneP containtheline 2x + y- z-3 =0
following point(s) lie(s) on M ? (2015 Adv.)
= 5x -3y+ 4z +9 and be parallel to the line

Then, thedistanceof the point

A(8, -1, -19) from the plane P measured parallel to

the line -52-z isequalto .... (2023 Main, 15 April )

38. If thestraightlines
2 K
=and
2
Ãa s ba2t

x+1_y+ arecoplanar, thentheplane(s)

42. Let the line I:x = aRmeet theplane
P:x+2y+3z = 4 at the point (a, B.Y). If the angle
containing these two lines is/are (2012)
(a) y+2z =-1 between the line I and the plane P is cos then
Nbi (b) y+z=-1
(c) y-z=-1
(d) y-2z= -1 a +2B +6y is equal to (2023 Main, 11 April I)

43. Let the foot of perpendicular from the point

Statements Type Questions
A(4, 3, 1) ontheplane P:x- y+2z +3 =0 be N. If
39. ConsiderthreeplanesP :x- y+ z=1 B(5, , B), c, Be Z is a point on plane P such that the
P :x+y- z=-1 areaof the AABN is 3/2, then a +B +aß is equal to
and P, : x-3y+3z =2
(2023 Main, 10 April l)
Let Lj, Lg, L, be the lines of intersection of the planes
P, and P,, B and P, P and P,respectively. 44. Let A ], A, be the valuesof for which the points
Statement I Atleast two of the lines L, L, andL are
non-parallel. nd (-2,0,1) are at equal distançe from the
Statement II The three planes do not have a common
point. (2008, 3M) plane2r +3y- 6z + 7 =0. Ifà, >,, thenthe
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true; distance
ofthepoint( -2, à2, ) fromtheline
Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I x-5 y-1_z+7
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is also true; Statement ) IS.... (2023 Main, 8 April l)

IIl is not the correctexplanation ofStatementI

T VIHTNVvem re
724 Three Dimensional Geometry

45. Let ax +By +=1 betheequationof aplanepassing intersectat the point S. Ifa planeax + by- z +d=0
through the point (3, - 2, 5) and perpcndicular to the passes through S and is parallel to both the lines L,

line joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (2,3, 5). Then, and L, then the value of a + b++dis equal to .......
the value of aßy is equal to .... . (2023Main,1Febil) (2022 Main, 25 June l)

46. The point ofintersectionC of the plane 8r+y+22 =0 53. If the lines
2
and!_y*2 2
and the line joining the points A(-3,-6,1) and
z+3
B(2, 4, - 3) divides the line segment AB internally in arecoplanar,then the valueof k is ..........
1

the ratio k :1. Ifa, b, c (al,|,|cl arecoprime)are the (2021 Main, 25 July I)
direction ratios of the perpendicular from the point C
54. Three lines are given by
on the line 1-x_ y+4_3+2 thenla +b+c|is
1 2 r=i,heR, r=ui+).eR
equal to ..... (2023 Main, 1 Feb l)
andr =v +j+ k),veR
ine L
-1 ti intersect
1
the
plane Let the lines cut the plane x + y+ z =1at the points
A, B and C respectively. If the arca of the triangle
2x + y+3z =16at the point P. Let the point Q be the ABC is A then the value of (64) cquals ....
foot ofperpendicular from the pointR(1, -1, -3) on (2019 Adv.)
the line L. Ifa is the area of triangle PQR, then a' is 55. Let P be a point in the first octant, whose image in
equal to ........ theplane x+y=3 (that is, the line segment PQ is
(2023 Main, 31 Jan I)
perpendicular to the plane x + y =3 and the mid-point
48. Let the equation of the plane P containing the line of PQ lies in the plane x+ y=3) lies on the Z-axis. Let
the distance of P from the X-axis be 5. IfR is the
x+10: =z be ax + by +3z =2(a + b) and the image of P in the XY-plane, then the length of PR is
....*.. (2018 Adv.)
distance of the plane P from the point (1, 27, 7) be c.
Then, a +b +c is equal to .... (2023Main,29Jan1)
Mateh the Cohum
49. Let the equation of the plane passing through the line 56. Leth and , bethelinesr = A(i +j +k) and
x-2y- z-5=0=x+ y+3z -5 andparalleltothe r, =(j-k) +i+k), respectively.Let X betheset
line x + y+2z-7=0=2x +3y+ z -2 be
of all theplanes H that contain the line 4.For a plane
ax + by+ cz =65. Then, the distance of the point
H, let d(H) denote the smallest possible distance
(a,b, c) fromtheplane2x +2y - z +16=0 is .... between the points ofl, and H. Let H, be a plane in
(2023 Main, 25 Jan l)
X for which d(H,) is the maximum value of d(H) as
50. Let d be the distance between the foot of H varies over all planes in X.
perpendicularsof the pointsP(1, 2-l) andQ(2, -1,3) Match each entry in List-I to the correct entries in
on theplane -x + y+ z=1. Then,d isequal to......... List-II. (2023 Adv.)
(2022 Main, 29 June l)
List-I List-ll
51. Let the ine -22-3
-1
intersect the plane (P) The value of d(H, ) is ()43
(Q) Thedistance of the point (0, 1, 2) from H (2) 1
containing
thelines 1 -2
and is

4ax - y+5z-7a =0=2x -5y-z-3, aeRatthe (R) Thedistance of origin (3)0

point P(a, B.Y). Then, thevalue ofa +ß+y equals from H, is
(2022 Main, 27 July I)
(S) The distance of origin from the point of (4)W2
intersection of planes y= z,X = l and H, is
52. LetthelinesL, :r= A(i +2j + 3k), A eR
(5) 1
,:r=i+3j+k)+pi+j+sk);HeR
Three Dimensional Geometry. 725

The correct option is 58. The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane
P Q R S
passingthroughthe point (-1,-2,-) and whose
(a) 2 5 1

normal is perpendicular to both the linesL and h, is

(6) S 3

(c) 2 1 3 2 (a) 2//75 unit (b) 7//75 unit

(d) S 1 4 2 (c) 13/N75 units ()23/W75units
Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with 59. The shortestdistance between L, and L is
values statements in Column II."
(a) Ounit (b) 17//3 units
$7. Consider the lines (c) 41/5/3 unit (d) 17/5/3 units
z+3
2 -1
1 60. The unit vector perpendicular to both L and L, is

()i+j+7k
L,: 1
+3_z+3
2 1
(a)
/99

and the planes P :7x +y+2z =3, P,:3x +Sy-6z = 4.

(b)-j+ SÂ
sV3
Let ax + by+ cz = d the equation of the plane passing
(e)-i+j+ sk
through the point of intersection of lines L and L, and
5W3
perpendicular to planes P and P,.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer
(9) i-j-&
V99
using the code given below the lists. (2013 Adv.)

List I List II Subjective Questions

P a= 1. 13 61. P, andP, are planespassing through origin L and L,
Q. b= 2. 3 are two line on P and P, respectively such that their
R. C= 3. intersection is origin. Show that there exists points A,
S. d= 4. 2 B, C, whose permutation A', B' and C' can be chosen
such that (i) A is on L,, B onP but not on L, and C
not on P (ii) A' is on Lz, B on P, but not on L, and
Passage Based Questions
C' not on P. (2004, 4 M)
Passage (Q. Nos. 58-60)
62. (i) Find the equation of the plane passing through the
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
points (2,1,0), (5,0,1) and (4;1,1).
Consider the lines
(ii) IfP is the point (2, 1, 6), then the point such that
PO is perpendicular to the plane in A and the
2 3
mid-point of PQ lies on it. (2003, 4M)
(2008, 12M)
726 Three Dimensional Geometry

25. (a) 26. (c) 27. () 28. (a)

Right ANSWERS 29. (a,b,c) 30. (a,b,c) 31. (b.d) 32. (45)

33. (28) 34. (A→ r, B q; C→ p; D→)

-) )
Topic 1
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b)

9. (c) 10. (450) 37. (62x + 29y + 19z-105 = 0)

Topic 2 Topic 4
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4..
1. (b) (a)

5. (c) t 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 02

5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (a) 11. (b) 12. (d)
9. (c) 10. (d)
13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (a) 15. (b) 16. (c)
13. (b) 14. (b)
17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. () 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (a,b) 24. (c,d) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c)
21. (c)
25. (a,b,c) 26. (c) 27. (b,d) 28. (5) 25. (d) t6 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (b)

29. (18) 30. (2.4) 31. (158) 32. (9) 29. (d) 30. (d)u 31. (a) 32. (a)

33. (18) 34. (14) 35.(624) 36. (6) 33. (a) 34. (a,b) 35. (c,d) 36. (b,c,d)

37. (2) 38. (A→t; B→ p,.r;C→q,s; D→) 37. (a,b) T 38. (b,c) 39. (d 40. (d)
41. (26) 42. (11) 43. (7) 44. (9)
Topic 3 45. (6) 46. (10) 47. (180) 48. (355)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 49. (9) 50. (26) 51. (12) 52. (5)

5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 53. (1) 54. (0.75) 55. (8) 56. (b)

9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (a) 57. (P→3; Q→2; R→ 4; S→ 1)
13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (c)
58. (c) 59. (d)
17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
60. (b) 62. () x+ y-2 =3 (ii)Q(6,5, -2)
21. (4) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (c)

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