ARD403 CRITCIAL ANALYSIS

B.ARCH SEVENTH SEMESTER

A REPORT

Submitted by

ADHITHYA KARMA
KTE21AR003

to

the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KOTTAYAM

NOVEMBER 2024
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled “Critical Analysis” submitted by

ADHITHYA KARMA to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Architecture is a bonafide record of the project work carried
out by him under our guidance and supervision. This report in any form has
not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any purpose.

CHIEF ARCHITECT

Jayadev Kesavankutty
Stirvi Architects
 CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 CONCEPT AND DESIGN STATEMENT 3

3 SITE CONTEXT AND INTEGRATION 5

4 FUNCTIONALITY AND SPACE PLANNING 6

5 SPATIAL COMPOSITION AND LAYOUT 7

6 FORM AND AESTHETICS 11

7 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION 13

7.1 Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.2 Timber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.3 Terracotta tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.4 Grey lime plaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.5 Micro cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.6 Silver grey cement tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.7 Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 18

9 INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY 20

10 CULTURAL AND CONTEXTUAL RELEVANCE 22

11 USER EXPERIENCE AND COMFORT 23

12 CONCLUSION 24

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

The Madaparambil Residence, 50-80-20 house is located in Njarakkadu

village of Thodupuzha, Idukki district. Originally built in the 1950s,
the house has undergone several modifications over the decades. This
renovation project, undertaken for Mr. Varghese Kurien and his family,
sought to honor the building’s rich history while introducing contemporary
elements, resulting in a harmonious blend of past and present.
Despite numerous alterations, the original character and features of the
house have been meticulously preserved. The new design considered the
building’s history and context, reinterpreting traditional Kerala architecture
in a contemporary way. The central courtyard, a defining feature of the
project, serves as the heart of the home, fostering a connection between
the indoors and outdoors. The use of materials, strategic lighting, and
the integration of outdoor spaces creates a serene and inspiring living
environment.

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 The Madaparambil Residence stands as an exemplar of sustainable
design, demonstrating how traditional architectural principles can be
adapted to create modern, comfortable, and environmentally friendly
homes.
 Chapter 2
CONCEPT AND DESIGN STATEMENT

The project is a 70-year-old tale of a house that has endured the test of
time, creating a timeless connection with its occupants throughout many
generations as a place of solace, rest, and shelter.

The original house was built in the 50s and more rooms were added
on in the 80s resulting in the current layout. Though conceived as an
intervention to refurbish and enlarge some of the spaces, the actual work
involved dismantling the entire structure to be rebuilt as new, opening up
the scope for refinement.
The historic house was restored to honor its legacy. Its original structure,
a tangible link to the past, was preserved to allow future generations to
reflect on the lives of their ancestors who once lived within its walls.
The possibility to arrange the living areas and bedrooms around a central
courtyard in genuine homage to the area’s traditional architecture was made
possible by removing the entire structure while maintaining the original
footprint. The courtyard serves as a focal point for the gradual development
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of life, showing up in dialogue between the past and present in both
the set and the surroundings. The design is presented as an enthusiastic
reinterpretation of the past, with the additions highlighted in the material
and the deletions emphasized through structural elements. The details evoke
a sense of familiarity while remaining unquestionably modern and unique.
These details are repeated as a motif across the layout binding together the
renewed spatial identity and distinct material choices which establish the
built history of the house.

As a reconstruction project, it honors the essence of the built environment

while celebrating the legacy of an earlier generation. Through a structural,
spatial, and material intervention on a sentient footprint, the design is a
reading of the old and the modern, attempting to evoke the dormant beauty
of an elusive ideal while fostering concepts of permanence, timelessness,
and perpetuity.
 Chapter 3
SITE CONTEXT AND INTEGRATION

The residence is located in Njarakkadu village of Thodupuzha, Idukki

district. The serene paddy fields to the south offer a tranquil backdrop,
while the vibrant energy of the residential and commercial buildings to the
north adds a touch of urban convenience. Despite its proximity to urban
amenities, the house is nestled in a calm rural region of Kerala, offering
the best of both worlds. With its lush greenery, rich cultural heritage, and
pleasant tropical climate, the site provides an idyllic setting for a luxurious
home that seamlessly blends with the natural and cultural landscape.the
house perfectly blends with the existing landscape and natural features of
the site.

Figure 3.1: site plan

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 Chapter 4
FUNCTIONALITY AND SPACE PLANNING

The residence encompasses six bedrooms, formal and informal dining and
living spaces, a kitchen, and essential facilities. A separate outdoor kitchen
and dining area are also included. The first floor accommodates two
bedrooms, a spa, a home theater, and an attic. A five-car garage, directly
accessible from the main door through a car porch, is also provided.
A grand entrance from the car porch leads to a spacious foyer, which in
turn opens up to the elegant living room. Adjacent to the living room is the
formal dining area. A cozy lounge, offering stunning views of the eastern
verandah, can be accessed from the dining space. The central courtyard
serves as the heart of the home, connecting the dining areas, family living
room, kitchen, prayer room, and bedrooms. The pantry, outdoor kitchen,
and laundry spaces are conveniently grouped together for easy access. There
are two bedrooms, a home theater, a spa, and an attic on the first floor.

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 Chapter 5
SPATIAL COMPOSITION AND LAYOUT

The Madaparambil Residence is designed with a focus on seamless flow

and functional efficiency. The central courtyard serves as the heart of the
home, connecting various spaces. The formal and informal living areas,
bedrooms, spa, home theater, and service areas are strategically placed to
optimize comfort and functionality. The use of transitional spaces, such as
the foyer, verandahs, and corridors, enhances the overall spatial experience.

Figure 5.1: ground floor plan

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Figure 5.2: First floor plan
Figure 5.3: layout
Figure 5.4: Sections
 Chapter 6
FORM AND AESTHETICS

The house presents a striking facade with a strong horizontal emphasis,

characterized by a low-slung form that seamlessly integrates with the
surrounding landscape. The asymmetrical composition, with varying
rooflines and projections, adds visual interest and dynamism. The use of
natural materials like stone and wood, combined with the play of textures,
creates a warm and inviting atmosphere. The design draws inspiration from
traditional Kerala architecture, resulting in a contemporary interpretation of
local vernacular styles. The building’s open-plan layout and large openings
seamlessly integrate indoor and outdoor spaces, fostering a harmonious
relationship with the natural environment.

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 The interior spaces are characterized by minimalist aesthetics and a
focused on natural materials. The simple, clean lines of the furniture and
decor elements, combined with the use of warm, earthy tones, create a
calming and inviting atmosphere. The interplay of light and shadow, created
by the strategic placement of lighting fixtures, adds depth and dimension to
the space. The central courtyard,brings in natural light and ventilation, and
creates a visual connection to the outdoors.
 Chapter 7
MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

The exposed stone walls of the house are a notable feature. The entire
building is protected by a slanted roof that is supported by a timber
structure and tiled with terracotta tiles. Grey lime plaster and chalky white
micro-cement are used to finish the walls, while silver-grey cement tiles are
used for the interior flooring. Teak wood with exposed grains is used to
create the joinery work.

7.1 Stone
The residence boasts thick stone walls that serve as its structural backbone.
These walls, both internally and externally, are not merely functional but
also contribute significantly to the building’s aesthetic appeal. The dark
hue of the stone, in conjunction with terracotta tiles and wooden accents,
creates a visually striking and inviting atmosphere.

7.2 Timber
A sloping roof, clad in terracotta tiles and supported by a timber framework,
shelters the entire structure. The joinery work is crafted from open-grained
teak wood, a material that also finds its way into the furniture and interior
design elements of the residence.
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7.3 Terracotta tiles
Terracotta tiles have been used in this house to give a warm and earthy
feel, blending seamlessly with the natural surroundings. The reddish-brown
hue of the tiles contrasts beautifully with the lush greenery, adding a rustic
charm that complements the natural landscape. These tiles, often made from
baked clay, are durable and provide excellent thermal insulation, helping
to maintain a cool interior environment in warmer climates.The use of
terracotta tiles reflects a design choice that emphasizes both aesthetic appeal
and practical benefits.
7.4 Grey lime plaster
The use of grey lime plaster in this interior adds a soft, earthy texture
that complements the natural materials and minimalist design of the space.
Lime plaster, known for its breathable properties, helps regulate indoor
humidity by absorbing and releasing moisture, which enhances air quality
and comfort. Its grey tone adds a subtle elegance to the room, creating a
neutral background that highlights the wooden furniture and other design
elements. This plaster finish also reflects a sustainable choice, as lime is an
eco-friendly material that provides durability while aging gracefully over
time.

7.5 Micro cement

Micro cement has been applied to the exterior surfaces, providing a
seamless, contemporary finish that complements the clean architectural
lines. Micro cement is a versatile and durable material that can be applied
in thin layers, allowing it to conform to any surface, including walls, floors,
and facades. Its smooth, minimalist appearance enhances the modern
aesthetic of the structure while also offering high resistance to weather,
making it suitable for outdoor use. The material’s durability and low
maintenance requirements make it an excellent choice for large exterior
areas.
7.6 Silver grey cement tiles
Silver grey cement tiles are used on the floor, adding a cool, neutral tone that
balances the warm tones of surrounding materials like wood. These tiles are
highly durable and provide a slip-resistant surface.The subtle silver-grey
color contributes to a calm, understated elegance, which enhances the
natural lighting and open layout of the space. Cement tiles are also known
for their thermal properties, helping to keep the floor cool in warmer
climates.
7.7 Steel
The significance of steel lies in the use of steel I-sections which provide
structural support and add a modern, industrial aesthetic to the design. Steel
I-beams are highly durable and capable of bearing heavy loads, making
them ideal for creating open, spacious interiors without compromising
stability. In this design, the steel beams contribute to a sleek, minimalist
look, contrasting with the warmth and texture of traditional materials like
wood and stone. The combination of steel with natural materials enhances
the visual appeal while ensuring durability and longevity, resulting in a
home that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

In conclusion, the house beautifully blends traditional materials with

modern construction techniques, creating a timeless yet contemporary
space. The use of exposed stone, natural timber, and terracotta tiles
emphasizes durability and warmth, while finishes like grey lime plaster and
micro-cement provide a sleek, minimalist touch. The combination of these
elements not only enhances the visual appeal but also ensures longevity and
comfort. Structural steel is also used in pillars.
 Chapter 8
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

The design of the house is deeply rooted in traditional Kerala architecture,

making it highly responsive to the tropical climate. The sloping roof
effectively sheds rainwater and reduces heat gain, while the central
courtyard acts as a natural ventilation system. As the warm air rises within
the house, it escapes through the roof vents and is replaced by cooler air
drawn in from the courtyard. This passive cooling technique, combined
with the use of verandahs for shading and cross-ventilation, helps maintain
a comfortable indoor environment.
A sloping roof is particularly important in the tropical climate of Kerala
due to its heavy and consistent monsoon rains. The steep angle of a sloping
roof allows rainwater to quickly run off, preventing water accumulation and
minimizing the risk of leakage and damage to the roof structure. This design
reduces pressure on the roof surface, preventing issues such as seepage and
mold growth that can deteriorate building materials over time. Additionally,
a sloping roof helps regulate temperature by maximizing ventilation within
the roof space, which keeps the interiors cooler and more comfortable in
Kerala’s warm, humid conditions. The use of durable material, such as clay
tiles enhances the roof’s ability to withstand heavy rainfall for many years.
The traditional architectural feature, known as a nadumuttam, plays a
vital role in ensuring that the building is well-adapted to the region’s hot,
humid, and rainy climate.
A central courtyard allows for effective natural ventilation, which helps
in regulating the indoor temperature by enabling cool air to flow through the
space, reducing the reliance on artificial cooling systems. This open space
encourages cross-ventilation, expelling warm air and keeping the interior
cooler, which is especially beneficial in the tropical heat of Kerala.
Additionally, the courtyard brings in ample natural light, reducing the

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need for artificial lighting during the day. During the heavy monsoon
season, it also facilitates rainwater collection and drainage, which helps
manage excess water efficiently. The open space can act as a channel for
rainwater to flow into the ground or be redirected through gutters or drains,
as seen in the picture with features like rain chains.
Moreover, the central courtyard enhances the connection between the
indoors and nature, creating a serene and open environment. It provides
a shared space for social interactions and promotes airflow throughout the
structure, adding to the comfort of the residents.
The veranda is an essential architectural element that aligns well with
the environmental conditions and tropical climate of Kerala. The veranda
serves multiple practical and climate-responsive purposes.
It acts as a buffer space between the indoors and the outdoors, providing
a shaded area that helps protect the main living spaces from direct exposure
to sunlight. This is particularly important in Kerala, where the climate is
warm and humid for most of the year. The veranda reduces the heat that
reaches the interior walls, keeping the house cooler and more comfortable
without the need for extensive artificial cooling.
During Kerala’s heavy monsoon season, the veranda offers protection
from rain while allowing residents to enjoy the outdoors. The covered
outdoor space allows for ventilation and airflow, which helps reduce
humidity levels inside the house and promotes a cooler indoor environment.
Verandas in traditional Kerala homes often serve as spaces for social
interactions and relaxation, blending functionality with cultural practices.
They create a seamless connection to nature and the lush, green
surroundings typical of the region, enhancing the overall living experience
while adapting effectively to the local climate.
In Summary, sloping roof, central courtyard, and veranda, is designed to
adapt seamlessly to Kerala’s tropical climate. These architectural elements
work together to provide natural ventilation, temperature control, and
efficient rainwater management, enhancing comfort and sustainability.
 Chapter 9
INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY

The project comprises of fascinating blend of materials and design. The

pillars of the courtyard appear to be constructed primarily of steel, forming
the vertical structure, while wooden elements are integrated to create visual
interest and warmth. This combination of materials not only enhances
the aesthetic appeal but also highlights the contrast between the industrial
strength of steel and the organic nature of wood. The design of the pillar,
with its clean lines and geometric shapes, adds a contemporary touch to the
overall ambiance of the space.

Every element is converted to a design element and is detailed. The

contrast between the smooth, metallic surface of the gutter and the rough
texture of the stone wall creates a striking visual effect. This design choice
demonstrates a thoughtful approach to architectural detailing, where even
utilitarian elements like gutters are treated as opportunities for aesthetic

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expression. The gutter used in the courtyard also catches great attention
and is detailed in such a way that it blends with other elements in textures
and colors.

In conclusion, the innovative fusion of materials and design effectively

balances industrial strength and organic warmth. The strategic use of steel
and wood not only enhances visual appeal but also underscores the harmony
between durability and aesthetic finesse. This thoughtful integration of
elements contributes to a space that is both contemporary and inviting,
showcasing creativity at its finest.
 Chapter 10
CULTURAL AND CONTEXTUAL RELEVANCE

The original house, built in the 1950s, underwent an expansion in

the 1980s, resulting in its current layout. This historic structure was
carefully restored to honor its legacy, preserving its original elements as
a tangible link to the past. The renovation aimed to maintain the house’s
traditional character while introducing contemporary elements, resulting
in a modern interpretation of the old structure. The central courtyard
serves as a focal point, connecting the past and present through its design
and the activities that take place within it. The design approach boldly
reinterprets the past, highlighting new additions through material choices
and emphasizing deletions through structural elements. This creates a sense
of familiarity while maintaining a distinctly modern aesthetic. Repeated
motifs throughout the layout unify the renewed spatial identity and distinct
material choices, establishing the building’s rich history.

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 Chapter 11
USER EXPERIENCE AND COMFORT

The house provides a calm and tasteful atmosphere. A harmonic fusion of

the old and present is established by the imposing entryway that leads to the
centre courtyard. A serene ambiance is produced by the minimalist decor,
which is distinguished by natural materials and simple lines. A distinctive
fusion of the old and the new is provided by the contrast between the historic
building and the contemporary additions. Natural materials, well-placed
lighting, and the use of outdoor areas all combine to produce a calming
and motivating sensory experience. The house meets the requirements of
the users while still maintaining its cultural value and traditional features.
The overall experience is really calming and relaxing under the specifically
designed natural and artificial lighting setups.

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 Chapter 12
CONCLUSION

This project stands as a testament to the power of thoughtful design and

sustainable practices. By honoring Kerala’s architectural heritage while
embracing modern innovations, it has created a timeless and elegant space
that effortlessly blends tradition with contemporary sensibilities. The
use of natural materials, forward-thinking design solutions, and a deep
understanding of the local climate and culture has resulted in a home that
is both sustainable and inspiring. A central courtyard, the heart of the
home, fosters a seamless connection between the interior and exterior.
Celebrating Kerala’s rich cultural legacy, the project also sets a new
benchmark for sustainable, responsible architecture, offering a model for
future generations.

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