CARMEL SCHOOL KUWAIT

XI- CHEMISTRY VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium hydroxide

1-EXPERIMENT

AIM

I)Determine the strength and molarity of the given solution of hydrochloric acid. Given is 0.05 M NaOH
solution.

Theory

1. The molarity of hydrochloric acid is determined by titrating it against the standard solution of sodium
hydroxide using phenolphthalein as indicator.

2. Strength of the acid is determined by multiplying its molarity with its molecular mass which is 36.5.

Materials required:

1. 50‐mL Burette with clamp

2. Phenolphthalein indicator
3. 125 mL conical flasks
4. Burette funnel
5. 250‐mL beaker
6. 10‐mL volumetric pipette

Chemical Equation :

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Indicator.- phenolphthalein

End Point. - pink to colourless (Acid in burette).

Procedure

1. Take a burette and wash it with water.

2. Rinse the burette with the given solution of hydrochloric acid and fill it with it.

3. Rinse the pipette with the given sodium hydroxide solution and pipette out 10 ml of this
solution in a washed titration flask.

4. Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the titration flask and place it just below the nozzle of
the burette over a white glazed tile.

5. Note down the initial reading of the burette and run the acid solution slowly and dropwise to
the titration flask till the colour of the solution changes from pink.
6. Note the final reading and find the volume of hydrochloric acid used.

7. Repeat the procedure to take a set of at least three concordant readings.

Observation table;
S.No. Volume of NaOH BURETTE READING (ml) Volume of the
solution (ml) HCl solution
Initial reading Final reading

1. 10 0 _ — ml

2. 10 0 — — ml

3. 10 0 — — ml

Molarity of NaOH solution = 0.05 M

Volume of NaOH solution taken in each titration = 10.0 ml.

M1V1(HCl)/M2V2(NaOH)=Stoichiometric coefficient of HCl/Stoichiometric coefficient of NaOH

Result

The molarity of HCl solution= M

The strength of HCl solution= g/L

2-EXPERIMENT

II)AIM-

Determine the strength of the given oxalic acid solution. You are provided with M/40 NaOH solution.

Theory

The oxalic acid solution is taken in burette and a known volume (10.0 ml) of the NaOH solution is taken
in the titration flask. The titration is carried out using phenolphthalein as indicator.

Chemical Equation :

Indicator. Phenolphthalein.
End Point. Pink to colourless (Acid in burette)

Procedure
1. Take a burette and wash it with water.
2. Rinse and then fill the burette with the given oxalic acid solution. Clamp it vertically in burette stand.
3. Rinse the pipette with the given sodium hydroxide solution.

4. Pipette out 10 ml of the NaOH solution in a washed titration flask.

5. Add 1-2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into it and place it just below the nozzle of the burette
over a white glazed tile.
6. Note down the lower meniscus of the solution in the burette and record it as the initial burette
reading.
7. Now run the oxalic acid solution slowly and dropwise into the flask till pink colour disappears. Read
the lower meniscus of the solution again in the burette and record it as final burette reading.

8. Repeat the procedure until three concordant readings are obtained.

Observations

Molarity of the given NaOH solution = M/40

S.No. Volume of NaOH BURETTE READING (ml) Volume of oxalic
solution (ml) acid solution
Initial reading Final reading

1. 10 0 _ — ml

2. 10 0 — — ml

3. 10 0 — — ml

Volume of NaOH solution taken for each titration = 10 ml (V1).

Concordant volume = x ml (say)

Calculations

According to the equation, one mole of oxalic acid reacts with two moles of sodium hydroxide.

Result

The molarity of the given oxalic acid solution is=

The strength of the given oxalic acid solution is =

3-EXPERIMENT
i)AIM

Determine the strength and molarity of the given solution of hydrochloric acid. Given is 0.05 M
Na2CO3 solution.

Theory

1. The molarity of hydrochloric acid is determined by titrating it against the standard solution of sodium
carbonate using methyl orange as indicator.
2. Strength of the acid is determined by multiplying its molarity with its molecular mass which is 36.5.

Chemical Equation:

Indicator. Methyl orange.

End Point. Yellow to pink (Acid in burette).

Procedure

1. Take a burette and wash it with water.

2. Rinse the burette with the given solution of hydrochloric acid and fill it with it.
3. Rinse the pipette with the given sodium carbonate solution and pipette out 10 ml of this
solution in a washed titration flask.
4. Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator to the titration flask and place it just below the nozzle of
the burette over a white glazed tile.
5. Note down the initial reading of the burette and run the acid solution slowly and dropwise to
the titration flask till the colour of the solution changes from yellow to light pink. .
6. Note the final reading and find the volume of hydrochloric acid used.
7. Repeat the procedure to take a set of at least three concordant readings.

Observation table;
S.No. Volume of Na2CO3 BURETTE READING (ml) Volume of the
solution (ml) HCl solution
Initial reading Final reading

1. 10 0 _ — ml

2. 10 0 — — ml

3. 10 0 — — ml

Molarity of Na2CO3 solution = 0.05 M

Volume of Na2CO3 solution taken in each titration = 10.0 ml.
Calculations

Volume of HCl solution used for neutralising 10.0 mL of 0.05 M Na2C03 solution = x mL

M1V1(HCl)/M2V2(Na2CO3)=Stoichiometric coefficient of HCl/Stoichiometric coefficient of Na2CO3

Result

The molarity of the given HCl acid solution is=

The strength of the given solution of hydrochloric acid is =x gL−1