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Behavior of RC irregular structure under seismic effect

Article in International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science · January 2019

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Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No.6, 2019
www.ijies.net

Behavior of RC Irregular Structure Under

Seismic Effect
Ashwin R Dhabre1, Dr. N. R. Dhamge2
1
M-Tech Scholar,2Professor, Civil Engineering Department,
KDK College of Engineering, Nandanvan, Nagpur 440009

ABSTRACT - During an earthquake, damage occurring structure subject to earthquake force in zone V. The
from earthquake ground motion initiates at locations of paper gives investigation taken on pushover.
structural weaknesses present in the lateral load
resisting frames. This weakness increase due to Keywords: Vertical irregularity; Pushover analysis;
discontinuity in mass, stiffness, geometry and setback. Discontinuity; R/C building; setbacks.
Such discontinuities between the storeys are often
INTRODUCTION
associated with immediate variation in the frame
geometry along the height. Vertical irregularities are
one of the main reasons of failures of structures during
Earthquakes are considered to be one of the most
earthquakes. Vertical irregularities are building with unpredictable and devastating natural hazards.
soft stories. This can be affected by the earthquake Earthquake pose multiple hazards to a community
ground motion and broken down into the different types potential inflicting large economic, property and
of irregularities as well as their severity for a more population loss. The damage in a structure generally
refined assessment tool. Pushover analysis is an initiates at location of the structures weak planes present
approximate analysis method available for evaluating in the building systems. These weaknesses often occur
building against earthquake loads subject to due to presence of the structural irregularities in
monotonically increasing lateral forces with an stiffness, strength, mass, geometry in a building systems.
invariant height wise distribution unit a target The effect of vertically irregularities in the seismic
displacement is reached. The structure is subjected to performance of structure become really important.
the load unit some structural member yield. A two or Height wise changes in stiffness and mass render the
three dimensional model which includes bilinear or tri static and dynamic characteristic of these building
linear load deformation diagrams of all lateral forces different from the regular building. Vertical irregularities
resisting elements initially. The model is then modified to are basically building characteristic that may be due to
account for the reduced stiffness of the building and is irregular distribution in their mass, strength and stiffness
once again applied with a lateral load unit addition along the height of building when such buildings are
member yield. A base shear vs. displacement capacity constructed in high seismic zones, the analysis and
curve and plastic hinging model is produced as the end design becomes more completed. There are two methods
product of the analysis which give a general idea of the to evaluate the seismic behaviour of RC building
behavior of the building. Although it is acknowledge that nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic. The present
other types of analysis such as the dynamic time history study adopts building models with different type,
analysis. Time history analysis techniques involves the magnitude and location of irregularity. The seismic
stepwise solution in the domain of the multi degree of responses of these building model have been compared
freedom equations of motion which response of a with that of the regular building model. Pushover
building. It is the most sophisticated analysis available analysis is an appropriate analysis method available for
to a structural engineer. The present study is to evaluate evaluating building against earthquake loads. A structure
the behavior of typical new R.C.C building were taken is induced incrementally with a lateral forces with an
for analysis G+6 floor reinforced concrete frame invariant height wise distribution until a target
displacement is reached. The structure is subject to the

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Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No.6, 2019
www.ijies.net

load unit some structural member is yield. A base shear 1. 1.5(DL+IL) 1. 1.2 [DL+IL+ (ELX
vs. displacement capacity curve and a plastic hinging + 0.3 ELY)] &
model is produced as the end product is analysis which 2. 1.2 (DL+IL+EL) 1.2 [DL+IL+ (ELY
give a general idea of the behavior of the building. The + 0.3 ELX)]
present study is to evaluate the behavior of typical new 3. 1.5 (DL+ EL) 2. 1.5[DL+ (ELX + 0.3
RCC building were taken for analysis G+6 floor ELY)] &
reinforced concrete frame structure subject to earthquake 4. 0.9DL+ 1.5EL 1.5[DL+ (ELY + 0.3
force in zone V. In the building frame is designed as per ELX)]
3. 0.9 DL+ 1.5 (ELX +
Indian standard i.e. IS-456: 2000, IS-1893: 2002 and IS-
0.3 ELY) &
1893: 2016. The main objective of this study the 0.9 DL + 1.5
irregularities which we need to consider while analyzing (ELY + 0.3 ELX)
it for the seismic loading given in IS- 1893: 2002 (Part-I)
and to compare seismic behavior of RC structure by
using IS code 1893: 2016 (Part 1). As the provision of revised code IS 1893: 2016 for
irregular structure are 7.6.2 the approximate fundamental
translational natural period (Ta) of oscillation, in second
shall be estimated by the following expression:
0.075h0.75 (for RC MRF building). According to the IS
1893: 2016 height of irregular structure are different
because their irregularities. The analysis of model firstly
defined by their vertical irregular structural height and
calculate translational natural period of oscillation by the
expression given in code.

Default SAP2000 hinges are used in the analysis. M3

hinges are assigned on beam ends P M2 M3 hinges are
assigned on column end as per ATC-40
recommendations. The model is pushed to a target
displacement determined automatically by SAP2000
using ATC-40 recommendations. This objective
Fig 1: Failure of buildings due to soft storey in turkey, displacement is the displacement experienced by the
bingol earthquake 2003 building given the design earthquake.

METHODOLOGY
A static pushover analysis using SAP2000 was utilized
in the research. Using two codes provision such as IS
1893: 2002 and IS 1893: 2016 this method of analysis
are considered the three model as per IS 1893: 2002 such
as regular, irregular in x- direction and same models are
considered according to the IS 1893: 2016 to their
applied load combination. When earthquake forces are
considered on structure these shall be combined as DL,
IL and EL stand for response quantities earthquake load
earthquake load respectively. So two codes provision of
load combination shall be accounted for seismic analysis
following load combinations are considered.

LOAD LOAD
COMBINATION COMBINATION
(IS 1893: 2002) (IS 1893: 2016)

Fig. 2 Vertical distribution of base shear to different

floor level
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Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No.6, 2019
www.ijies.net

Beam size: 450 mm x 600 mm; Column: C1 = 400 mm x

600 mm; C2 = 600 mm x 600 mm; C3 = 400 mm x 400
mm.

Fig 3 Plan of regular building frame

DESIGN & ANALYSIS Fig. 5 Section of Irregular Building (XZ Direction)

This analysis, 7 story building was modelled. A concrete
frame building with 5 bays in X- direction at 4 meters
each is modelled and 4 bays in Y- direction at 5 meters Fig. 6 3D Model Irregular Building Frame
each
is
RESULTS OF PUSHOVER ANALYSIS

Table – 1 Performance levels of G+6 structure Regular

and Irregular as per IS code 1893: 2002.

Regular Structure
Performance
Level Io Ls C
Displacement 0.1276
(Mm) 0 0.29658 0.31056
Base Shear 4836.5
(Kn) 3 5042.84 5057.97

Irregular Structure

Performance Level Io Ls C
modelled. Depth of foundation is 2 meters and a story Displacement
height of 3.4 meters is kept constant throughout each
(Mm) 0.08197 0.1529 0.16140
Fig.4 3D model regular building frame story and model
Base Shear
except when the irregularity is introduced. The model is
also constructed considering code provision as well as (Kn) 8063.76 8094.40 8083.97
guidelines given by the ATC-40 documents. Section
sizes are determined so of model figure shows the
geometry of the regular and irregular building model
considered.

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Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No.6, 2019
www.ijies.net

9000
8000 REGULAR
7000
IO
6000
BASE SHEAR

5000 LS
4000 C
3000
IRREGULA
2000 R
1000 IO

0
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
DISPLACEMENT

Fig. 7 Comparison of base shear and displacement with regular and irregular structure (IS 1893:2002)

Table – 2 Performance levels of G+6 structure Regular and

Irregular as per IS code 1893: 2016.
IRREGULAR STRUCTURE
REGULAR STRUCTURE
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE LEVEL IO LS C
LEVEL IO LS C
DISPLACEMENT 0.0800 0.14671 0.15460
DISPLACEMENT 0.101985 0.178514 0.187219
BASE SHEAR 8454.4 8809.19 8837.98
BASE SHEAR 8701.691 9074.048 9104.306

10000

9000
REGULAR
8000
IO
7000
LS
BASE SHEAR

6000
C
5000
IRREGULAR
4000
IO
3000
LS
2000
C
1000

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
DISPLACEMENT

Fig. 8 Comparison of base shear and displacement with regular and irregular structure (IS 1893:2016)
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Impact Factor Value 4.046 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No.6, 2019
www.ijies.net

DISCUSSION 6. As far as possible irregularities in a building must be

avoided. But, if Irregularities have to be introducing for
The building frames analyzed go through various
any reason, they must be designed properly.
performance levels which describes a limiting damage
condition for a building. As the displacement of the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
building increases, so does the damage as illustrated in
The contribution and support of Dr. N. R. Dhamge,
figures. The performance levels are commonly defined as
Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, K.D.K
follows.
College of Engineering, is gratefully acknowledged.
Immediate Occupancy IO: The post-earthquake damage
state that remains safe to occupy, essentially retains the
pre-earthquake design strength and stiffness of the REFERENCES
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