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IDE 323 Lecture 1

The document is a lecture introduction on illumination by Dr. Faizah Mohammed Bashir, covering various topics such as the concept of illumination, qualities of light, and different light sources. It emphasizes the importance of artificial lighting in modern life and provides definitions for key terms related to light and illumination. The lecture also discusses the principles of lighting design and the factors affecting light quality and efficiency.

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11 views

IDE 323 Lecture 1

The document is a lecture introduction on illumination by Dr. Faizah Mohammed Bashir, covering various topics such as the concept of illumination, qualities of light, and different light sources. It emphasizes the importance of artificial lighting in modern life and provides definitions for key terms related to light and illumination. The lecture also discusses the principles of lighting design and the factors affecting light quality and efficiency.

Uploaded by

mr6h2b6kbc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IDE 323 - ILLUMINATION

Lecture 1
Introduction
By
Dr. Faizah Mohammed Bashir
Decoration and Interior Design

September 2024
Topics to Cover
• Illumination Concept and applications
• Lighting in Different Spaces
• Qualities Of Light (light, vision, color)
• Light Sources (incandescent, Halogen, Fluorescent)
• Light Sources (HID, Light-Emitting Diodes (LED), Neon and Cold Cathode
Lamps)
• The Layers Approach
• Luminaires
• Lighting Control – Lighting Design Approach
• Quantity Of Light
• Documenting Lighting Design
Introduction
• Light is the prime factor in human life as well as activities of human
begins ultimately depend upon the light.
• Where there is no natural light, use of artificial light is made.
• Artificial lighting produced electrically, on account of its cleanness, of
control, reliability, steady output, as well as its low it is playing an
increasingly important part in modern every day life.
• The science of illumination is becoming important.
Terms used in Illumination
1. Light
2. Luminous flux
3. Lumen
4. Plane angle
5. Solid angle
6. Steradian
7. Candle power
8. Luminous intensity reduction factor
9. Glare
10. Lamp efficiency
Light
• That part of radiant energy from a hot body which produced the
visual sensation on human eye is called light.
• Light may be defined as electromagnetic radiation that is capable of
affecting the sense of sight.
• Those EM waves that are visible (light) have wave-lengths that range
from 0.00004 to 0.00007 cm.
Luminous flux
• The total quantity of radiant energy per second responsible for visual
sensation from a luminous body is called Luminous Flux.
OR
• It is the light wave, emitted by the body which produces sensations in
human eye.
• It is represented as F or Ø and measured in lumens.
Lumen
• The lumen is the unit of luminous flux and is defined as the amount
of luminous flux given out in a space represented by one unit of solid
angle by a source having an intensity of one candle power in all
directions.

Lumens = candle power X solid angle = cp X ω


Plane angle
• The angle subtended at a point by two converging lines lying in the
same plane is called plane angle.
• It is measured in radians and equal to the ratio of the length of the arc
to its radius, it is denoted by the Greek letter ‘θ’ (theta) and is usually
measured in degrees or radians.

θ = arc/ radius = l/ r radians

One radian is defined as the angle subtended by an


arc of a circle whose length by an arc of a circle
whose length is equals to the radius of the circle.
Solid angle
• The angle subtended by the partial surface area of a sphere at its
centre is called as solid angle.
• It is measured in steradians and equal to the ratio of area of the
surface to the square of radius of sphere,

ω= area of surface/ square of radius = A/ r2 steradians


Steradian
• Steradian is the unit of solid angle
• One steradian is defined as the solid angle that subtends at the centre
of a sphere by its surface having area equal to the square of the
radius.
Candle power
• Candle power is the light radiating capacity of a source in a given
direction and is defined as the number of lumens given out by the
source in a unit solid angle in a given direction.
• It is denoted by a symbol C.P.
C.P. = lumens/ω

• NOTE: Lumen is defined for direction and candle power is for a given
direction otherwise they are the same.
Luminous intensity
• Luminous intensity in any given direction is the luminous flux emitted
by the source per unit solid angle, measured in the direction in which
the intensity is required.
• It is denoted by symbol I and is measured in candela(cd) or candle
power (CP).
• If F is the luminous flux radiated out by source within a solid angle of
ω steradian in any particular direction then I =F/ ω lumens/steradian
or candela (cd).
I =F/ ω
Luminous Intensity
Reduction Factor
• Reduction factor of a source of light is the ratio of its mean spherical
candle power to its mean horizontal candle power.
Reduction factor = MSCP/MHCP
• Mean Horizontal Candle - power: The average value of the candle –
power of a light source in all directions in a horizontal plane through
the source.
• Mean Spherical Candle - Power: a unit of measurement that
represents the average output of a light source measured in all
directions (360 degrees).
Glare
• Glare is one of the most unpleasant visual problems of all. Being
dazzled by a general-diffuse lamp or the reflection of a window on a
computer screen affects our visual acuity and impedes our
performance.
• Direct and reflected glare can be largely avoided by good room and
lighting design.
Lamp efficiency
• Lamp efficiency is defined as the ratio of the total luminous flux
emitting from the source to its electrical power.
• It is expressed as lumen/watts.

• Efficiency is the ratio of output and input. If a bulb starts to emits


light, the output is light energy (i.e. lumen) and input is electricity
(wattage of bulb i.e. rating).
Lux or meter candle
• Lux is defined as the illumination produced by a uniform source of
one CP on the inner surface of a sphere of radius 1 m.
What is illumination?
• Illumination is that which produces no strain on the eye.
• The definition of an illumination is the act or process of making
something clearer or brighter or a device for doing so.
• Illumination: When light falls on a surface, it becomes visible, the
phenomenon is called as illumination.
• It is defined as luminous flux falling on a surface per unit area.
• It is denoted by E and measured in lumen per square meter or meter-
candle.
• I = Ф / A = CP X ω/Area
• Illumination is different from light.
• Light is cause and illumination is the result of light on the surface on
which it falls.
• Thus illumination makes the surface look more or less bright with a
certain colour and it is the brightness and colour which the eye sees.
References
• https://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/illumination-basic-and-
schemes
• https://www.bcebhagalpur.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UNIT-
5-ILLUMINATION.pdf
• https://www.sitsitamarhi.ac.in/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/file_5e8ef00b06190.pdf
• https://www.sitsitamarhi.ac.in/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/file_5e8ef00b06190.pdf
• https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/resources/publications/pdf/illuminationfund.
pdf

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