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electromagnetic induction

Physics HL (Dayanand Anglo Vedic Public School Bariatu)

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DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL

PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

NAME: TANISHK
CLASS: XII-A
SESSION: 2024-25
BOARD ROLL NO.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that TANISHK of
Class-XII has successfully completed the
project on the topic Electromagnetic
Induction under the guidance of Mrs.
VINEETA RAJPAL during the year 2024-
25 I the partial fulfillment the physics
practical examination conducted by the
CBSE.

Sign of the external Sign of the subject teacher

examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense
gratitude to my physics teacher
Mrs. VINEETA RAJPAL for the
help and guidance she provided for
the completion of this project.
I also thank my friends who gave
me their ideas and inputs in making
this project. Most of all I thank
my school management for
providing me the facilities and
opportunity to do this project.

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TOPIC
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION

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INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO. PAGE NO.

CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TOPIC
AIM
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
THEORY
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
APPLICATION
PRECAUTION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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AIM
To study the phenomenon of
Electromagnetic Induction

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INTRODUCTION
ELECTROMAGNET:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic
field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION:
The process of generating current in a conductor by placing
the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called
INDUCTION.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTON:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential
difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed
to a varying magnetic field.

Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic fields

causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction can
produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or
waves (in radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to he phenomenon where an E.M.F is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic

flux density and the area normal to the field through which
the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit
is the weber (Wb).
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PRINCIPLE
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just
induction) is a process where a conductor
placed in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a stationary
magnetic field) causes the production of a
voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an
electrical current – it is said to induce the
current.

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THEORY
INVENSION
Michael faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the
work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. around 1830 to
1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not
publish his findings until later.

INDUCED E.M.F.
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then E.M.F. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an E.M.F. could be generated either
by,
a) Moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each
other.
b) by changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.
Note that the E.M.F. is only produced while the flux is
changing.
For e.g. consider two coils as shown below:

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WORKING AND
CONSTRUCTION
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through
a magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are
applying a force on the free electrons in the conductor and
causing them to move. This process of generating current in
a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic
field is called induction. This is called induction because
there is no physical contact between the conductor and the
magnet. The current is said to be induced in the conductor
by the magnetic field. One requirement for this
electromagnetic induction is to take place that the
conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to
produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is determined by
the direction of the lines of force and by the direction the
wire is moving in the field. In the animation above the
ammeter indicates when there is current in the conductor.

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LENZ’s LAW:
When an E.M.F. is generated by a change in magnetic
flux according to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the
induced E.M.F. is such that it produces a current whose
magnetic field opposes the change which produces it.
The induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire
always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop
constant. In the examples below, if the B field is
increasing, the induced field acts in opposition to it. If
it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction
of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

Applications of electromagnetic induction:

Electrical generator:
The E.M.F. generated by Faraday’s law of induction due
to relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is
the phenomenon underlying electrical generators. When
a permanent magnet is moved relative o a conductor, or
vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the
wire is connected through an electrical load, current
will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated,
converting the mechanical energy of motion to electrical
energy.

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Electrical transformer:
The E.M.F. predicted by Faraday’s law is responsible
for electrical transformers. When the electric
current in a loop of wire changes, the changing current
creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in
reach of this magnetic field will experience this
change in magnetic field as a change in its coupled
magnetic flux. Therefore, an electromotive force is
set up in the second loop called the induced E.M.F. or
transformer E.M.F. if the two ends of this loop are
connected through an electrical load, current will flow.

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OBSERVATION
• Magnet is moved at certain rate and
certain voltage is produced.

• Magnet is moved at faster rate sand

creating a greater induced voltage.

• Magnet is moved at same speed

through coil that has greater number
of turn and greater voltage is
induced.

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CONCLUSION
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction’
first observed and published by Michael
Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electro-magnetic
concept. Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence of
faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it relates an
induced electric potential or voltage to a
dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many
far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives
in many ways: from the shining of sun , to the
convenience of mobile communications, to
electricity to power our homes. We can al
appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s law
on us.

MICHAEL FARADAY

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APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction

are applied in many devices and systems,
including:

• Electrical generators
• Induction motors
• Induction sealing
• Inductive charging
• Transformers
• Wireless energy transfer
• Wireless charger

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PRECAUTIONS
• DO ALL THE CONNECTIONS CAREFULLY

• DO NOT SCRATCH COPPER WIRE WHILE MAKING

LOOP

• DO NOT USE DIGITAL VOLTMETER FOR ABOVE

DEMONSTRATION

• DO NOT USE VERY THICK OR THIN COPPER WIRE

• USE ONLY INSULATED COPPER WIRE

• KEEP YOURSELF SAFE FROM HIGH VOLTAGE

• BEFORE DOING ANY EXPERIMENT PLEASE CONSULT

TO YOUR SUBJECT TEACHER OR LAB ASSISTANCE

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
• WIKIPEDIA.COM

• GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE

• YOUTUBE.COM

• SHUTTERSTOCK

• PHYSICS NCERT BOOK CLASS XII

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