Advanced Math Section 3.

2 Day 2 Notes Name:

Learning Target:  Finding the zeros of a polynomial and their multiplicities, and using them along with end behavior,
to sketch the graph of a polynomial by hand.

Find the real zeros by factoring.

Example 1: 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥

Example 2: 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 20𝑥 3 + 64𝑥

Intermediate Value Theorem:

Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to verify that 𝑃(𝑥) has a zero between 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.

a. 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 25; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2 b. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 − 8; 𝑎 = 2.1, 𝑏 = 2.2

 If when you plug in two values for 𝑥 the signs change for 𝑦, what does that mean?

Multiplicity of a Zero:

EVEN and ODD Powers of (𝐱 − 𝐜) Theorem:

Multiplicity of the Zero is _____________ the graph _________________________________________________

Multiplicity of the Zero is _____________ the graph _________________________________________________

Determine the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑃(𝑥). For each 𝑥-intercept, use the EVEN and ODD Powers of (𝒙 − 𝒄)
Theorem to determine whether the graph of 𝑃(𝑥) crosses the 𝑥-axis (passes through) or intersects but does not cross
(bounces off) the 𝑥-axis. Also, determine the multiplicity of each 𝑥-intercept.

a. 𝑃(𝑥) = − (𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥 − 9) b. 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 6)2

___________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce ___________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

___________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce ___________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

Sketching polynomials WITHOUT TABLES OR GRAPHING CALCULATORS! 

Procedure for graphing:

1. Start by graphing the zeros

2. Then determine whether the graph passes through the zero or hits and bounces off the zero
3. Graph (if possible) the 𝑦-intercept
4. Determine the end behavior – which way should the arrows go?
5. Create a smooth curve connecting the intercepts

Sketch the graph of the polynomial function using end behavior, leading coefficients, 𝑥-intercepts and 𝑦-intercepts.

a. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

[factor first!!]
What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the 𝑥-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the 𝑦-intercept? [plug in 𝑥 = 0] _______________

You will only graph this if it fits – if it doesn’t, just estimate!
Procedure for graphing:

1. Start by graphing the zeros

2. Then determine whether the graph passes through the zero or hits and bounces off the zero
3. Graph (if possible) the y-intercept
4. Determine the end behavior – which way should the arrows go?
5. Create a smooth curve
Sketch the graph of the polynomial function using end behavior, leading coefficients, x-intercepts and y-intercepts.

b. 𝑃(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 1) What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the x-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the y-intercept? [plug in x = 0] _______________

You will only graph this if it fits – if it doesn’t, just estimate!

c. 𝑃(𝑥) = − (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 1)2 What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the x-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the y-intercept? [plug in x = 0] _______________

You will only graph this if it fits – if it doesn’t, just estimate!

Key Ideas:

HW: Check the calendar for the assignment, but use the graph paper & format on the back of this note packet to do #41, 47, and 51
Do #41, 47 and 51 from page 284 right here!!
41. 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the x-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the y-intercept? [plug in x = 0] _______________

**********************************************************************************************************************************************************

47. 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4) What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the x-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the y-intercept? [plug in x = 0] _______________

**********************************************************************************************************************************************************

51. 𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)2 What is the degree of the polynomial?_________

What kind of number is the degree?___________

What is the sign of the leading coefficient?_____

What is the end behavior?

As 𝑥 → ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) → As 𝑥 → − ∞, 𝑓(𝑥) →

What are the x-intercepts (zeros) & their multiplicities?

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

_____________ multiplicity_______ pass through/bounce

What is the y-intercept? [plug in x = 0] _______________