LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING

CHAPTER 1
PLANNING

A. Its Significance and Importance.

Police, Fire and Jail Operations demand the utmost skill and careful planning in order to insure the
accomplishment of their objectives and mission. It is an important and never-ending process of
administration, particularly in the concept of public safety. Its importance cannot be minimized even in the
local police command, and a commander who ignores it, does so at substantial peril.
Police operations demand skill and careful planning, to ensure accomplishments of
objectives and mission. Planning is a KEY administrative process, which may mean:
a. In simple sense, planning is deciding in advance what is to be done and how it is accomplished. It
is in essence, preparations for actions;
b. Process of combining all aspects of public safety activity and the anticipation of future problems,
the analysis of strategy and the correlation of strategy to deal with situation;
c. Act of determining and formulating policies and guidelines for police operations and providing
controls and safeguards for such operations;
d. A process of evolving a workable method or procedure for an orderly arrangement of steps for the
purpose of facilitating the accomplishments of a set of goals or objectives;
e. The act or process of choosing goals to be attained in the future, methods of attaining those goals,
the allocation of resources to carry out those methods, and methods of determining the extent or
degree to which goals are attained; and
f. It is the determination in advance how the objectives of the organization will be attained.

Planning vs Plan

Planning – the process for preparing for chance and coping with uncertainty for formulating future cause of
action.

- Devising a method of action arranging ways and means or steps for attainment of objectives.
- A method of systematic thinking.
- The mental process of finding adequate solutions to management problems and the preparation of
an outline of things to be done and how they will be done to achieve results.
Plan – a documented method by which things should be done.
- A listing of courses of action by an individual or groups following a predetermined course of action.
Police Planning – is an attempt by administration to allocate anticipated resources to meet anticipated
service demands.
Police Operational Planning – is the process of formulating coordinated sequence of methodical activities
and the allocation of resources to line units of police organization in order that it can attain its mandated
objective or mission.

Principles of Planning
Planning requires scientific thinking, and it should spell out in clear terms the definition of the purpose,
analyze the problem and make a careful and diligent search for all the facts bearing upon it. The task of
planning will be well-accomplished if some fundamental principles are followed in the process.

1. Principle of Commitment
This means that certain resources must be committed or pledged for the purpose of planning. Planning is
not an easy task. So, necessary help is to be taken from experts. The enterprise must be ready to exhaust
the available resources for the achievement of a plan.

2. Principle of the Limiting Factor

A plan involves varied factors of different importance. This principle implies that more emphasis has to be
put on that factor which is scarce or limited in supply or extremely costly. This will help in selecting the most
favorable alternative.

3. Principle of Reflective Thinking

Planning, being an intellectual activity is based on rational considerations. These involve reflective thinking
which signifies problem-solving thought process by which past experiences are superimposed on the facts
of the present situation and possible future trends. None can be a planner whose mind is not active, who
does not possess any deliberate power and whose sense of judgment is not strong.

4. Principle of Flexibility
Though a plan is prepared after reflective thinking, this does not mean that no departure can be made in
the course of its operation. The plan should be so prepared that there is sufficient scope for changing it
from time to time. Changes must necessarily be effected in the plan for taking into account new
developments that may take place in the course of the operation of the plan.

5. Principle of Contribution to Enterprise Objectives

A major plan is prepared and it is supported by many derivative plans. But all plans must contribute in a
positive way towards the achievement of the enterprise objectives.

6. Principle of Efficiency
A plan should be made efficient to attain the objectives of the enterprise at the minimum cost and least
effort. It must also achieve better results with the minimum of unexpected happenings. Therefore, it is to be
seen that what is expected is likely to be achieved.

7. Principle of Selection of Alternatives

Planning is basically a problem of choosing. The essence of planning is the choice among alternative
courses of action. There is no need for planning if there is only one way for doing something. In choosing
from alternatives, the best alternative will be that which contributes most efficiently and effectively to the
accomplishment of a desired goal.

8. Principle of Planning Premises

A plan is prepared against some foundations or backgrounds known as ‘Planning Premises’. There must be
complete agreement among the managers in respect of planning premises over which the structure of plan
is to be framed.

9. Principle of Timing and Sequence of Operations

Timing and sequence of operations determine the starting and finishing time for each piece of work
according to some definite schedule and give practical and concrete shape and form to work performance.

10. Principle of Securing Participation

To secure participation of the employees with whole-hearted co-operation in execution of the plan, it is
necessary that the plan must be communicated and explained to them for their full understanding. This
understanding provides the basis for additional knowledge about new facts and matters to the employees.
This is needed for improvement in the quality of planning. It also ensures an obligation of the personnel of
the enterprise to execute the plan by individual and joint participation.

11. Principle of Pervasiveness

Though major planning function is entrusted to the top management, it is not restricted to the top level only.
It is a function of every manager at every level in the organization.

12. Principle of Strategic Planning

Strategic planning is essential where there is competition. It is prepared in the light of what the
competitors are intending to do. Planners must take into account the strategies of the rival organizations;
otherwise the planning projection may land them in trouble.

13. Principle of Innovation

A good system of planning should be responsive to the opportunities for innovation. Innovation consists in
creating something new for increasing satisfaction of the consumers. This may also be stated as an
important strategy of business. Innovation is a necessity for its sustaining growth in this dynamic world.
Innovation is achieved through research and development and planning is required to provide such scope.

14. Principle of Follow-up

In the course of execution of a plan, certain obstacles may crop up in midway and planning may require
revision, alteration or correction. This is why there must be a follow-up system in the planning process
itself. This allows timely changes in the planning and makes it more effective.
Classification of Planning/Level or Hierarchy of Planning:
1. Strategic or Long Range Planning – it relates to plans which are strategic or long range in
application it determines original goals and strategy.
- it refers to the process of determining how to pursue the organizations long term goal w/ the
resources expected to be available.
 Police Action Plan on the Strategy DREAMS and Program P-O-L-I-C-E 2000, Three Point
Agenda, and GLORIA
 The acronym DREAMS stands for:
D – ISPERSAL of policeman from the headquarters to the street and
enhancement of crime prevention program
R – ESTORATION of trust and confidence of the people on their police and gain
community support
E – LIMINATION of street and neighborhood crimes and improvement of public
safety
A – RREST of all criminal elements common or organized in coordination with the
pillars of the CJS and other law enforcement agencies
M – APPING up and removal of scalawags from the pole of ranks
S – TRENGHTENING the management and capability of the PNP to undertake or
support the dreams operations and activities
 The acronym POLICE 2000 also describes another police plan:
P – REVENTION and suppression of crime through community oriented policing system
O – ODER, maintenance, peacekeeping and internal security
L – AW enforcement without fear or favor
I - MAGE, credibility and common support
C – OORDINATION with other government agencies and non- government agencies
organizations and internal securities
E – FFICIENCY and effectiveness in the development and management of human
and material resources
 The Three Point Agenda known as ICU:
I – NEPT
C – ORRUPT
U – NDISCIPLINE
 The acronym GLORIA stands for:
G – RAFT free organization
L – EADERSHIP by example
O – NE stop shop mechanism for a faster police response to complaints and reports
R – ESULT oriented culture in the anti-criminality effort
I – NVESTMENT climate, which is business friendly as a result of the peace and order
A – CCOUNTABILITY and ownership of peace and order campaign

2. Intermediate or Medium Range Planning – it relates to plans w/c determines quantity and quality
of efforts and accomplishment. Its application is medium-range durations.
Example: 6 Masters Plans:
 Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master Plan)
 Master Plan Sandugo (Support to Internal Security Operations Master Plan)
 Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
 Master Plan Sang-ingat (Security Operations Master Plan)
 Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master Plan)
  Sangyaman (Protection and Preservtion of Environment, Cultural Properties, and Natural
resources Master Plan)

3. Operational or Short Range Planning – it refers to the production of plans which determines the
schedule of special activity and are applicable from one week to less than a year duration.
- it refers to the process of determining how specific tasks can be accomplished on time with
available allocated resources. (Other reference:
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p46rpk3e/According-to-Time-Police-Plans-are-classified-as-1-
Strategic-or-Long-Range-Plan/)
Examples of OPLANS
 Oplan Jumbo – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against terrorist attacks
 Oplan Salikop – Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Strategic Plan against
Organized Crime Groups
 LOI (Letter of Instruction) PAGPAPALA is the entry point in the conceptualization of the
PNP Pastoral Program for the next five years with a Total Human Development Approach
(THD Approach).
 The TMG through its “OPLAN DISIPLINA” that resulted in the apprehension of 110,975
persons, the confiscation of 470 unlawfully attached gadgets to vehicles, and rendering
various forms of motorists’ assistance.
 OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets forth the operational guidelines on the
heightened security measures and sea borne security patrols.

Factors Affecting Planning:

1. Condition – a consideration of political atmosphere, public opinion; ideological aspirations; peace and
order; national/community ethics, behavior and discipline in the area where the plan will be implemented.
2. Time – It is the period available to establish plan before putting it into effort. Consider the time of
execution/implementation, the time interval and time allowed for the revisions and modifications of plan.
3. Resources Available – Allocation of manpower, money and materials
4. Skills and Attitudes of Management – Refers to the level of experiences of the personnel who are
involved in the preparation of the plan and those who will execute the plan. The application of good
management principles shall be exploited.
4. Social and Political Environment – Refers to social and political practices, which will be affected by the
plan or plan affecting these practices, beliefs and norms of society.
5. Physical Facilities – Refers to machinery, instrument or tools in the attainment of the goals of the plan.
A certain system or structural designs in order to meet expected results.
6. Collection and Analysis of Data – Ready sources and basis of good decision-making by the makers of
the plan may be properly obtain through research and other means of information gathering techniques.

Advantages in Planning

There is:

a. Competition
b. Relief from pressure
c. Coordination