Scribd
Upload
3 views

1

Digital Image Processing involves manipulating digital images through various processes, categorized into low, mid, and high levels. Key concepts include pixel representation, spatial and intensity resolution, and the importance of sampling and quantization in image quality. The document also touches on image operations, enhancement techniques, and the shift towards deep learning frameworks in image processing.

Uploaded by

Hritik Anand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

1

Digital Image Processing involves manipulating digital images through various processes, categorized into low, mid, and high levels. Key concepts include pixel representation, spatial and intensity resolution, and the importance of sampling and quantization in image quality. The document also touches on image operations, enhancement techniques, and the shift towards deep learning frameworks in image processing.

Uploaded by

Hritik Anand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Spatial domain

image plane itself, directly process the intensity values of the


• What is Digital Image Processing? image plane
Transform domain
process the transform coefficients, not directly process the
Digital Image intensity values of the image plane
— a two-dimensional function
x and y are spatial coordinates
The amplitude of f is called intensity or gray level at the point (x, y)

Digital Image Processing


— process digital images by means of computer, it covers low-, mid-, and high-level
processes
low-level: inputs and outputs are images
mid-level: outputs are attributes extracted from input images
high-level: an ensemble of recognition of individual objects

Pixel
— the elements of a digital image
Discretization in image space Sampling
Discretization in image brightness  Quantization Discrete intensity interval [0, L-1], L=2k

Digital image
A measure of the smallest discernible detail in an image — stated with line pairs per unit distance, dots (pixels)
per unit distance, dots per inch (dpi) : SPATIAL RESOLUTION

->How often to sample in space to see details of a certain size?


The smallest discernible change in intensity level
Is called INTENSITY RESOLUTION
Stated in units like 8 bits, 12 bits, 16 bits, etc
Check out : Digital Image File formats

color image : triples containing values of the three color


channels: red, green, and blue. Common : eight bits per
0 represents black and 255 represents white.
channel, leading to images with one byte per pixel
medical imaging require more levels (e.g., 12 or 16 bits) (grayscale images) or three bytes per pixel (color images).

Number of pixels, no of lines , range of brightness values decide the Quality of the digital image
Sources for images (EM-spectrum)
Other sources: try reading
Acoustic
Ultrasonic
Electronic
Synthetic images (computer)

We have sensors capable of detecting energy radiated by a band of the EM spectrum


detects the energy and converts it to electrical signals
Sensor have a material responsive to the particular
type of energy being detected

Image is generated by energy of the illumination source reflected


(natural scenes) or transmitted through objects
Check out the coordinate convention
Used in books and software toolboxes

Every pixel has # of bits (k), =1, 2, 3, etc

The number b of bits required to store a M × N digitized image is b = M × N × k


Re sampling(pixel replication)
is performed by row and column duplication Sub-sampling deleting rows and columns from the original image

Same # of bits in all images


(same gray level)
different # of pixels

Images of very low spatial resolution produce a checkerboard


effect

Difference between Sub-sampling and Resampling


Procedure of Thresholding:
Gray-Level reduction : reduce pixel intensity value 1. We select a threshold gray –level.
2. Set each intensity value above that threshold
value equal to “1”
3. Set each intensity value below the threshold
value equal to “0

The use of insufficient number of gray levels in


smooth areas of a digital image results in false
contouring.

We will learn about Gray level transformations to


address the problem of false contouring
IMAGE OPERATIONS

There are two general types of point operations


namely grey-scale mapping and histogram
modeling schemes.
The image output of most sensors (eg: Camera) is continuous voltage waveform
Note : CCD array is used in digital cameras continuous image (in real life)  digital (computer)
Image enhancement does NOT increase image information
We will learn about Entropy and image compression
The image may be corrupted
by random variations in
intensity, variations in
illumination, or poor contrast
that must be dealt

The shift to Deep Learning


(CNN framework )

What we will study in our course? See the uploaded Lecture Plan
Image Compression

You might also like