: No: R2022024

Code R20 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, July- 2023
INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Why slip ring induction motors are more expensive than squirrel cage motors of the [7M]
same rating? Explain.
b) A 25 hp, 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, star connected induction motor has the following [7M]
impedances per phase in Ω referred to the stator side: Rs= 0.641 Ω, R 1r = 0.322Ω,
Xs=1.106 Ω, X1r = 0.464 Ω and Xm = 26.30 Ω . Rotational losses are assumed
constant and are 1.1 kW and the core losses are assumed negligible. If the slip is
2.2% at rated voltage and frequency , Find i) speed ii) stator current iii) power factor
iv) output and input power and v) efficiency of motor.
Or
2 a) Develop the equivalent circuit of a three phase induction motor. Explain how this [7M]
equivalent circuit is similar to the transformer equivalent circuit?
b) A 3-phase Induction Motor has a star-connected rotor. The rotor e.m.f. between the [7M]
slip rings at standstill is 50 V. The rotor resistance and standstill reactances are
0.5 Ω and 3 Ω respectively. Find
(i) Rotor current per phase at starting if a star connected rheostat of resistance 6Ω
per phase is connected across the slip rings
(ii) Full-load rotor current and rotor power factor if full-load slip is 4%
(iii) Rotor e.m.f. per phase under full-load condition.
UNIT-II
3 a) Explain in detail about torque (vs) slip and torque (vs) speed characteristics of [7M]
3-phase Induction Motor.
b) For a three phase induction motor, the rotor ohmic loss at maximum torque is [7M]
16-times that at full load torque. The slip at full load torque is 0.03. If the stator
resistance and rotational losses are neglected, then calculate
(i) The slip at maximum torque
(ii) The maximum torque in terms of full load torque
(iii) The starting torque in terms of full load torque
Or
4 a) Explain the principle of speed control of a 3-phase induction motor by V/f method [7M]
and draw the corresponding torque-speed characteristics.
b) A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor develops a maximum torque of 120 NM [7M]
at 1460 r.p.m. The resistance of the star connected rotor is 0.35Ω/phase. Determine
the value of resistance that must be inserted in series, with each rotor phase to
produce a starting torque equal to half the maximum torque.

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Code No: R2022024 R20 SET - 1

UNIT-III
5 a) Why starters are necessary for starting the Induction Motors? What are various types [7M]
of starters used for squirrel cage motors? Discuss them.
b) Estimate the starting torque as a percentage of full-load torque for a 3-phase [7M]
Induction motor for the following methods of starting:
a) Direct on line, b) Star-Delta, and c) Autotransformer which limits the starting
current to twice the full load current. The full load slip is 0.03 and the short-circuit
current is six times the full-load current.
Or
6 a) Explain the constructional features and working principle of single phase induction [7M]
motor.
b) The following data pertaining to a single phase, 4-pole Induction Motor: [7M]
Output = 410 W; Supply voltage= 230 V; Frequency=50 Hz;
Input Current=3.2 A; Power factor = 0.7; Speed= 1410 RPM
Calculate (i) The efficiency of the motor and
(ii) The slip of the motor when delivering rated output.
UNIT-IV
7 a) Explain the MMF method of determining the voltage regulation of alternator. [7M]
b) Two identical three phase synchronous generators operating in parallel share equal [7M]
loads of 2000kW at 11 kV and 0.8 lagging power factor. The armature current of the
first generator is 100A at lagging power factor. Determine the armature current of
the second generator and the power factor at which each machine operates.
Or
8 a) Derive the expression for the EMF induced in an alternator. Discuss the role of different [7M]
factors which appear in the expression.
b) A 5 kVA, 220 V, star connected three phase salient pole alternator with direct axis and [7M]
quadratic axis reactances of 12 Ω and 7 Ω respectively, delivers full load current unity
power factor. Calculate the excitation voltage. Neglect armature resistance.
UNIT-V
9 a) With the help of a neat vector diagram, explain the operation of synchronous motor [7M]
as synchronous condenser.
b) A 2500 V, three phase star -connected synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.35Ω per [7M]
phase and synchronous reactance of 2.2 Ω per phase. The motor is operating at 0.75
power factor leading with a line current of 250 A. Determine the excitation voltage per
phase.
Or
10 a) Derive the expression for the maximum power developed by a synchronous motor. [7M]
b) A 2 kV, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor has an effective resistance and [7M]
synchronous reactance per phase of 0.3 Ω and 2.4 Ω respectively. The input is 800 kW
at normal voltage and induced line e.m.f is 2500 V. Calculate line current and power
factor.

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 : No: R2022024
Code R20 SET - 2
II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, July- 2023
INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Explain, why the speed of 3-phase induction motor cannot be equal to synchronous [7M]
speed?
b) A 25 hp, 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, star connected induction motor has the following [7M]
impedances per phase in ohms referred to the stator side: Rs = 0.581 Ω,
R 1r = 0.431Ω: Xs=1.106 Ω, X1r = 0.464 Ω and Xm = 26.30Ω. Rotational losses are
assumed constant and are 1.5 kW and the core losses are assumed negligible. If the
slip is 2.2% at rated voltage and frequency , find i) speed ii) stator current iii) power
factor iv) output and input power and v) efficiency of motor.
Or
2 a) Explain in detail the constructional features of wound rotor three phase Induction [7M]
motor.
b) In a 6-pole, 3-phase, 50-Hz Induction Motor with star connected rotor, the rotor [7M]
resistance per phase is 0.3Ω, the reactance at standstill is 1.5 Ω per phase. The e.m.f.
between the slip rings on open circuit is 175 V. Calculate
(i) Rotor e.m.f. per phase
(ii) Rotor frequency and reactance at a speed of 950 RPM.
UNIT-II
3 a) Explain how the circle diagram for a poly-phase induction motor can be drawn from [7M]
its test data.
b) A 3-phase, 400 V, 4-pole, 50-Hz, Induction Motor has a star-connected stator and [7M]
rotor. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are 0.25 Ω and 1.2 Ω
respectively. The ratio of stator to rotor turns is 1.3. The full-load slip is 4 %.
Calculate
(i) The power and torque developed at full-load
(ii) Maximum torque and speed at which it occurs.
Or
4 a) State the effects of increasing rotor resistance on starting current, starting torque, [7M]
maximum torque and full-load slip of a 3-phase induction motor.
b) What is the purpose of using deep bar cage rotors? Explain the construction and [7M]
working principle of a deep-bar cage motor.
UNIT-III
5 a) Explain in detail about the various starting methods of 3-phase induction motors. [7M]
b) A 50 kVA, 400 V, 3-phase, 50-Hz squirrel cage Induction Motor has full-load slip [7M]
of 5%. Its standstill impedance is 0.866 Ω/ phase. It is started using a tapped auto-
transformer. If the maximum allowable supply current at the time of starting is
100A, calculate the tap position and the ratio of starting torque to full-load torque.
Or
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Code No: R2022024 R20 SET - 2

6 a) Explain the working principle of A.C series motor. [7M]

b) A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole single phase induction motor has the following equivalent [7M]
circuit impedances referred towards stator side:
R1m= 2.2 Ω ; R 12 = 4.5 Ω; X1m = 3.1Ω; X12 = 2.6 Ω and XM = 80 Ω;
Friction, windage and core loss = 40 W
For a slip of 0.03 pu, calculate a) input current b) power factor c) developed power
d) output power and e) efficiency
UNIT-IV
7 a) Explain the effect of increasing driving torque and speed of one of the alternators in [7M]
a parallelly connected two alternators.
b) What is a distribution factor? Derive an expression for distribution factor of winding [7M]
having ‘Q’ slots per pole per phase and a slot angle of ‘β’.
Or
8 a) Explain the Potier triangle method of determining the voltage regulation of [7M]
alternator.
b) A 100 kVA, 3000V, 50Hz 3-phase star connected alternator has effective armature [7M]
resistance of 0.2 ohms. The field current of 40 A produce short-circuit current of
200 A and an open circuit e.m.f of 1040 V (line). Calculate the full load voltage
regulation at 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading power factors. Draw phasor diagrams.
UNIT-V
9 a) Explain the various starting methods of synchronous motor. [7M]
b) A 2500 V, three phase, star- connected synchronous motor has a resistance of 0.4Ω [7M]
per phase and synchronous reactance of 2.2 Ω per phase. The motor is operating at
0.8 power factor leading with a line current of 260 A. Determine the excitation
voltage per phase.
Or
10 a) Explain the operation of synchronous motor with variable excitation at constant [7M]
load.
b) The input to an 11000V, 3 phase star connected synchronous motor is 60A. The [7M]
effective resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are respectively 1 Ω and
30Ω. Find the power supplied to the motor, and the induced electromotive force for
a power factor of 0.8 i) lagging ii) leading

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 : No: R2022024
Code R20 SET - 3

II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, July- 2023

INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Describe the principle of operation of three phase induction motor. Explain why the [7M]
rotor is forced to rotate in the direction of rotating magnetic field.
b) The open-circuit voltage across the slip rings of a 100 HP star connected Induction [7M]
Motor is 273 V at standstill. What resistance in rotor circuit will reduce its full-load
speed by 25%? The full-load slip is 2% with no additional rotor resistance.
Or
2 a) Develop an expression for the frequency of rotor currents in a 3-phase Induction [7M]
Motor.
b) A 25 hp, 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, star connected induction motor has the following [7M]
impedances per phase in ohms referred to the stator side: Rs= 0.641 Ω, R 1r =
0.432Ω: Xs=1.106 Ω, X1r = 0.544 Ω and Xm = 25.30 Ω. Rotational losses are
assumed constant and are 1.1 kW and the core losses are assumed negligible. If the
slip is 2.2% at rated voltage and frequency, find i) speed ii) stator current
iii) power factor iv) output and input power and v) efficiency of motor.
UNIT-II
3 a) Derive an expression for the torque of an Induction motor and obtain the condition [7M]
for maximum Torque.
b) A 3-phase, 400 V, 4-pole, 50-Hz, Induction Motor has a star-connected stator and [7M]
rotor. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are 0.25 Ω and 1.2 Ω
respectively. The ratio of stator to rotor turns is 1.5. The full-load slip is 6 %.
Calculate
(i) The power and torque developed at full-load
(ii) Maximum torque and speed at which it occurs.
Or
4 Draw the circle diagram from no-load and short circuit test on a 3-phase, 14.92 kW, [14M]
440V, 6-pole induction motor from the following results:
No-load test : 400V , 11A, PF=0.2
Short-circuit test : 100V, 25A, PF=0.4
Rotor Cu losses at stand still is half the total Cu losses from the circle diagram,
Determine (i) Line current, slip, efficiency and pf at full load
(ii) Maximum torque.

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Code No: R2022024 R20 SET - 3

UNIT-III
5 a) Explain the operation of Auto transformer starter of a 3-phaseinduction with a neat [7M]
diagram and listout its advantages and disadvantages.
b) A squirrel cage Induction Motor, when started by means of a star-delta starter takes [7M]
200% full-load current (line) and develops 44% of full-load torque at starting.
Calculate the starting torque and current, if an auto-transformer with 75% tapping
were employed.
Or
6 a) Explain with reasons, why single phase induction motors are not self starting. [7M]
b) A 4-pole, 110 V, 140 W single phase Induction Motor runs at 5% slip at rated [7M]
output. Total copper losses at full load are 28W and rotational losses are 28W.
Calculate the full-load efficiency and rotor copper losses caused by backward field.
Neglect stator copper losses.
UNIT-IV
7 a) Explain the effect of increasing excitation of one of the alternators when two [7M]
alternators are connected in parallel.
b) Two similar 400V, 3-ph alternators share equal kW power delivered to a balanced [7M]
3-ph, 50kw, 0.8pf lag load. If the power factor of one is 0.95 lag, find the power
factor and the current supplied by the other machine.
Or
8 a) Explain the EMF method of determining the voltage regulation of alternator. [7M]
b) A 3-phase, 200 kVA, 1.1 kV, 50 Hz star connected alternator having an effective per [7M]
phase resistance of 0.62 Ω gave the following results:
Filed current (A) 20 35 50 80 100 120
Open circuit Voltage(V) 692.82 1120 1450 1750 1953 2180
Short circuit current (A) 0
Using MMF method, find voltage regulation at 100 A (i) 0.8 lagging (ii) 0.8 leading
power factors.
UNIT-V
9 a) Draw the phasor diagram of 3-phase synchronous motor. Explain the effect of [7M]
(i) change in excitation if load is constant (ii) change of load if excitation is
constant.
b) A 3-phase star connected 440 V; the synchronous motor takes a power input of [7M]
5 kW at rated voltage. It’s synchronous reactance is 5 Ω per phase and resistance is
negligible. If its excitation voltage is adjusted equal to rated voltage of 400V,
compute the load angle, power factor and armature current.
Or
10 a) What is meant by hunting in a Synchronous motor? Explain in detail. [7M]
b) The input to an 11 kV, 3-phase star connected synchronous motor is 60A. The effective [7M]
resistance and synchronous reactance per phase are respectively 1 Ω and 30Ω. Find the
power supplied to the motor, and the induced electromotive force for a power factor of
0.8 i) lagging ii) leading

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 : No: R2022024
Code R20 SET - 4
II B. Tech II Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, July- 2023
INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

Answer any FIVE Questions each Question from each unit
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
UNIT-I
1 a) Show that a rotating magnetic field can be produced by the use of 3-phase currents [7M]
of equal magntude.
b) A 3-phase Induction Motor has a star-connected rotor. The rotor e.m.f. between the [7M]
slip rings at standstill is 60 V. The rotor resistance and standstill reactances are
0.3 Ω and 2 Ω respectively. Find
(i) Rotor current per phase at starting if a star connected rheostat of
resistance 6Ω per phase is connected across the slip rings
(ii) Full-load rotor current and rotor power factor if full-load slip is 5%.
(iii) Rotor e.m.f. per phase under full-load condition.
Or
2 a) Draw and explain the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor. [7M]
b) The open-circuit voltage across the slip rings of a 110 HP star connected Induction [7M]
Motor is 275 V at standstill. What resistance in rotor circuit will reduce its full-load
speed by 30%? The full-load slip is 3% with no additional rotor resistance.
UNIT-II
3 a) Explain the no-load and blocked rotor tests and also procedure to predetermine the [7M]
efficiency using circle diagram of a three phase induction motor.
b) For a three phase induction motor, the rotor ohmic loss at maximum torque is [7M]
15 times that at full load torque. The slip at full load torque is 0.05. If the stator
resistance and rotational losses are neglected, then calculate
(i) The slip at maximum torque
(ii) The max. torque in terms of full load torque
(iii) The starting torque in terms of full load torque
Or
4 a) Explain the phenomenon of crawling and cogging in a three phase induction motor. [7M]
b) A three phase induction motor has a starting torque of 100% and a maximum torque [7M]
of 200% of the full-load torque. Determine : i) slip at which maximum torque occurs
ii) full-load torque and iii) rotor current at starting in per unit of full-load rotor
current.
UNIT-III
5 a) How is the speed of a 3-phase induction motor controlled by its stator voltage [7M]
control?

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Code No: R2022024 R20 SET - 4

b) The ratio of maximum torque to full-load torque in a 3-phase squirrel cage Induction [7M]
Motor is 2.2: 1. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance per phase are 0.5 Ω and
5 Ω respectively. Determine the ratio of actual starting torque to full-load torque for
the following cases:
(i) Direct Starting (ii) Star-Delta Starting
(iii) Auto transformer starting with 70% tapping.
Or
6 a) Using double field revolving field theory explain the torque-slip characteristics of a [7M]
single phase induction motor and prove that it cannot produce starting torque?
b) A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole single phase induction motor has the following equivalent [7M]
circuit impedances referred towards stator side:
R1m= 2.3 Ω ; R 12 = 4.5 Ω; X1m = 3Ω; X12 = 2.6 Ω and XM = 80 Ω;
Friction, windage and core loss = 60 W
For a slip of 0.04 pu, calculate i) input current ii) power factor iii) developed power
iv) output power and v) efficiency
UNIT-IV
7 a) What are the effects of change of excitation and mechanical power input on alternators [7M]
operated in parallel?
b) Two star-connected synchronous generators connected in parallel have an emf of [7M]
1200 V per phase share a common star-connected share impedance (2 +j1.0) Ω/
phase. The synchronous impedances of the machines are Zs1 = 0.1+j2 Ω/phase and
Zs2= (0.2+j3) Ω/phase respectively. Determine the common terminal voltage, power
outputs and no-load circulating current when two machines internal emfs have a
phase divergence 50.
Or
8 a) What is the necessity of parallel operation of alternator and state the requirement of [7M]
paralleling alternator.
b) Two alternators running in parallel supply lighting load of 2500 KW and a motor [7M]
load of 5000 KW at 0.707 P.F. one machine is loaded to 4000 KW at a P.F. of 0.8
lagging. What is the KW output and P.F. of the other machine?
UNIT-V
9 a) Explain about synchronous condensers. [7M]
b) A three-phase, star-connected synchronous motor has Z=(0.5+j5)Ω and taking an [7M]
input power of 1500 kW when back emf is 4000V. Calculate (i) Line current
(ii) power factor for the above condition
Or
10 a) Explain the operation of synchronous motor with variable excitation at constant [7M]
load.
b) A 2 kV, 3-phase star-connected synchronous motor has an effective resistance and [7M]
synchronous reactance per phase of 0.4 Ω and 2.6 Ω respectively. The input is 900 kW
at normal voltage and induced line e.m.f is 2500 V. Calculate line current and power
factor.

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