Ian Veryl G.

Malaza

Stephanie E. Mejia

BSCE-3B

CE 370 - HYDROLOGY

Pretest
Instruction: Test your knowledge about the course to know your readiness and preparation. Answer what
is required in the test stem.

1. Define Hydrology and its Processes.

- The study of water's presence, distribution, movement, and characteristics on Earth is known as
hydrology. It studies precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, runoff, and groundwater flow, among
other aspects of the hydrologic cycle.

2. Explain the component processes of ydrologic cycle.

- Precipitation, in which water falls as rain, snow, or hail; interception, in which vegetation absorbs
precipitation before it reaches the ground; and evaporation and transpiration, in which water
returns to the atmosphere from surfaces and plants, are the component processes of the
hydrologic cycle. While runoff is the flow of extra water across the land into rivers, lakes, and
seas, infiltration is the process by which water seeps into the soil. Last but not least, subsurface
flow describes the underground movement of water, also known as groundwater flow, which adds
to the cycle's ongoing character.

3. Indentify the man-made activities that impacts the hydrologic cycle.

- The hydrologic cycle is greatly impacted by human activity. Deforestation speeds up soil erosion,
raises runoff, and decreases interception. Flooding results from urbanization's replacement of
natural surfaces with concrete, which decreases infiltration and increases surface runoff. By
altering evapotranspiration, altering infiltration rates, and increasing water consumption,
agricultural operations upset the equilibrium. Reservoirs and dams alter natural streamflow,
which has an impact on aquatic ecosystems and groundwater recharge. Furthermore, industrial
operations can affect precipitation patterns and contribute to water contamination, which further
modifies the hydrologic cycle.
IV. Self- Evaluation
Direction. Here is some situations and problems that you can do to challenge your
Communication and analytical skills.

1 What percentage of freshwater on the Earth is contained in rivers, streams, and lakes?
i. More than 50%
ii. Nearly 100%
iii. Less than 1%
iv. Between 10% and 20%

- Less than 1% (iii) – Only a small fraction of Earth's freshwater is contained in rivers and lakes.

2. Hydrology is sometimes called the science of water. Is that true?

- Yes, hydrology is often called the science of water as it studies its movement, distribution, and
properties within the hydrologic cycle.

3. In hydrology, water quantity has historically received far more emphasis than water quality. Is this
focus justified? If yes, then why?

- Indeed, the focus on water quantity is warranted since managing water resources, averting floods,
and guaranteeing sustainable use all depend on an understanding of water availability,
distribution, and movement. But the sustainability of the environment and human health also
depend on the quality of the water.

4. Can hydrology be defined as the study of the HC?

- In fact, since hydrology studies the transport, storage, and transformation of water in various
phases, it can be characterized as the study of the hydrologic cycle.

5. Visit some water bodies in and around you, note down the components of HC, and try to ascertain their
magnitude.

- So we went to see the hydrologic cycle in action at a neighboring pond and river. Infiltration
(some water seeping into the soil), evaporation (surface water losing moisture to the atmosphere),
runoff (water flowing into the river from nearby land), precipitation (recent rainfall), and
groundwater flow (observable through small springs feeding into the river) were the main
elements found. These processes varied in amplitude, with higher levels of infiltration and runoff
after periods of intense rainfall.

6. Take a survey to find the primary sources of water in your area. Find out about the quality of water.
Has it undergone significant change with time? If yes, why?

- Our primary water supply comes from the faucet, which is provided by a nearby water treatment
plant that purifies water from groundwater wells, rivers, and reservoirs. Tap water quality has
 fluctuated over time, occasionally exhibiting sedimentation, chlorination, or discoloration. This is
most likely the result of aged pipelines, rising demand, or contamination from industrial and
agricultural processes. Water sustainability and safety are issues, particularly during dry seasons,
even though the water is treated before it reaches homes.

7. Has human activity affected the HC in your area? If yes, in what ways, and has the impact been good
or bad?

- In our area, human activity has drastically changed the hydrologic cycle. Floods are occurring
more frequently as a result of increased runoff and decreased infiltration caused by deforestation
for development. Groundwater recharge has decreased as a result of urbanization's replacement of
natural surfaces with concrete. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture have contaminated
water. Although the majority of the effects have been negative, other initiatives, such water
conservation and reforestation, try to bring things back into balance.