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2. Diode_Basic Operation

The document discusses the breakdown region of diodes, explaining how increased reverse-bias voltage leads to avalanche breakdown due to ionization. It also covers the temperature effects on diode performance, noting shifts in forward-bias characteristics and changes in reverse current with temperature increases. Additionally, it includes mathematical analyses for DC and AC resistance, load line analysis, and the behavior of diodes in networks, including series and parallel configurations.

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ullah3935
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6 views

2. Diode_Basic Operation

The document discusses the breakdown region of diodes, explaining how increased reverse-bias voltage leads to avalanche breakdown due to ionization. It also covers the temperature effects on diode performance, noting shifts in forward-bias characteristics and changes in reverse current with temperature increases. Additionally, it includes mathematical analyses for DC and AC resistance, load line analysis, and the behavior of diodes in networks, including series and parallel configurations.

Uploaded by

ullah3935
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Diode

Breakdown Region
As the voltage across the diode increases in the
reverse-bias region, the velocity of the
minority carriers responsible for the reverse
saturation current Is will also increase.
Eventually, their velocity and associated
kinetic energy (WK = 1/2 mv2) will be
sufficient to release additional carriers through
collisions with otherwise stable atomic
structures. That is, an ionization process will
result whereby valence electrons absorb
sufficient energy to leave the parent atom.
These additional carriers can then aid the
ionization process to the point where a high
avalanche current is established, and the
avalanche breakdown region determined.

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 2


Temperature effect on diode
In the forward-bias region the
characteristics of a silicon diode shift to
the left at a rate of 2.5 mV per centigrade
degree increase in temperature.
An increase from room temperature
(20°C) to 100°C (the boiling point of
water) results in a drop of 80(2.5 mV) =
200 mV, or 0.2 V.
In the reverse-bias region the reverse
current of a silicon diode doubles for
every 10°C rise in temperature.
The reverse breakdown voltage of a
semiconductor diode will increase or
decrease with temperature

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 3


Diode Resistance
DC Resistance AC Resistance
𝑉𝐷 Δ𝑉𝑑
𝑅𝐷 = 𝑟𝑑 =
𝐼𝐷 Δ𝐼𝑑

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 4


Math on DC resistance
At 2 mA,

At 25 mA,

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 5


Math on AC resistance
At 2 mA,

At 25 mA,

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 6


Alternative approach to find AC resistance
𝑑 𝑑 Since the derivative of a function at
𝐼𝐷 = [𝐼𝑆 𝑒 𝑉𝐷 Τ𝑛𝑉𝑇 − 1 ]
𝑑𝑉𝐷 𝑑𝑉𝐷 a point is equal to the slope of the
tangent line drawn at that point,
𝑑 𝑑𝐼𝐷 1
⇒ 𝐼𝐷 = 𝐼𝑆 𝑒 𝑉𝐷 Τ𝑛𝑉𝑇 /𝑛𝑉𝑇 = = 𝐼𝐷 /𝑛𝑉𝑇
𝑑𝑉𝐷 𝑑𝑉𝐷 𝑟𝑑
⇒ 𝑟𝑑 = 𝑛𝑉𝑇 /𝐼𝐷
𝑑
⇒ 𝐼𝐷 = (𝐼𝐷 + 𝐼𝑆 )/𝑛𝑉𝑇
𝑑𝑉𝐷 26𝑚𝑉
⇒ 𝑟𝑑 =
𝐼𝐷
𝑑𝐼𝐷
⇒ ≅ 𝐼𝐷 /𝑛𝑉𝑇 Here, n = 1 and VT is 26mV.
𝑑𝑉𝐷

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 7


Diode equivalent circuit

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 8


Load Line Analysis
𝐸 = 𝑉𝐷 + 𝐼𝐷 𝑅
⇒ 𝑉𝐷 = 𝐸 − 𝐼𝐷 𝑅
⇒ 𝑉𝐷 = 𝐸 , [If ID = 0]

Again,
𝐸 = 𝑉𝐷 + 𝐼𝐷 𝑅
𝐸−𝑉𝐷
⇒ 𝐼𝐷 =
𝑅
𝐸
⇒ 𝐼𝐷 = , [If VD = 0]
𝑅

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 9


Math on Load Line analysis
Determine VDQ , IDQ , RD , and VR.

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 10


Math on Load Line analysis

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 11


Math on Load Line analysis

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 12


Diode in a Network
• The forward resistance of the diode is usually so small compared to
the other series elements of the network that it can be ignored.
• For voltages less than 0.7 V for a silicon diode and 0 V for the ideal
diode the resistance is so high compared to other elements of the
network that its equivalent is the open circuit.

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 13


Diode in a Network

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 14


Math on Diode in a Network
Determine VD, VR, and ID

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 15


Math on Diode in a Network

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 16


Math on Series Diodes in a Network

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 17


Math on Series Diodes in a Network

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 18


Math on Parallel Diodes in a Network

Parallel diodes share the


total current. If one
diode has current limit
of 20mA, it cannot
withstand 28mA. Here
both diodes are taking
14mA.
12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 19
Math on Parallel Diodes in a Network

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 20


Class work
• Determine I, VD, V1, V2, and V0.

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 21


Class work
• Determine I1, I2, and ID2.

12/30/2020 Abidur Rahman 22

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