LESSON 1:

ARTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Prepared by:
Amie Panganiban, LPT
 ARTS
▪Art or “Sining” is defined as the
different manners of expressing
human skills and imagination in the
creation of aesthetic conditions,
objects and presentations.
▪Art is not confined only to what is
seen.
▪Art involves the use of all the
physical senses in order to appreciate
it.
THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS

Ethnic Tradition

Spanish Colonial
Tradition
American Colonial &
Contemporary Arts Traditions
THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS

Ethnic Tradition
▪Art forms are primarily influenced by the
geographical location and the
experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda &
Sayseng, 2016).
▪Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and
practices, everyday activity such as
fishing and farming, and specific
decorative art pattern to the community.
 Ethnic Tradition
▪Angono Petroglyphs

Discovered by
Carlos “Botong”
Francisco (1965)
and is situated in
Binangonan,
Rizal.
 Ethnic Tradition

▪Manunggul Jar
Year: 890-711 BCE
Type: Burial Jar
Dimensions: 66.5 cm
(26.2 in); 51 cm diameter (20
in)[1]

Manunggul jar is
found in Manunggul Cave,
Lipuun Point, Palawan in the
early 1960s. Manunggul jar
is a burial jar which signifies
the belief of early Filipino in
life after death.
 Ethnic Tradition
▪Banga
Banga literally means
pots. The Banga or
pot dance is a
performance of
Kalinga of the
Mountain Province of
the Philippines. This
dance shows the
elegant grace of
Igorot tribe and the
skill and strength of
women.
THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS

Spanish Colonial Tradition

▪Art forms were primarily influenced
by religion and secularization. In this
time, Spaniards used arts to
propagate the Catholic faith.
 Spanish Colonial Tradition
▪Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno
by Josef Luciano Dans
A wall painting that will
be found in St. James
the Apostle Church in
Paete, Laguna. This
painting was dated 1850
and depicts the heaven,
crucifixion of Christ;
earth, Adan and Eve;
and hell, sinners with
different transgressions.
 Spanish Colonial Tradition
▪St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral
It is also known as the
metropolitan Cathedral.
It is considered a major
religious landmark not
only of northern Luzon
but the country as well.
Visitors must include a
visit to the cathedral
when in Vigan as it has
been a center of Roman
Catholic devotion for
centuries.
THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS

American Colonial & Contemporary

Arts Traditions
Modern Art
-Modern art refers to the practice of art from 1860s to
1960s. The main theme of art works in this time is
national identity
Contemporary Arts
-Contemporary art refers to the practice of art from
1970s to the present. Contemporary arts mirror
contemporary culture and society. Diverse and emerging
art practices were being introduced in this era.
 American Colonial & Contemporary
Arts Traditions

Modern Art
This painting was made
by Fernando Amorsolo,
“Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art” and born
in Manila. It shows a
reminder of the
traditions and customs
of the Filipino. The Making of Philippine Flag
 American Colonial & Contemporary
Arts Traditions

Modern Art
This mural painting of
Carlos “Botong” Francisco
from Ango, Rizal shows
the Filipino’s bayanihan
tradition. This also shows
the distinctive style of
Francisco’s painting that
showcased his mastery in Bayanihan (1962)

arts.
 American Colonial & Contemporary
Arts Traditions

Contemporary Arts
Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
was born in Santa Cruz,
Manila. Cinco Marias
(Tres Marias Series)
depicts the variety of
domestic activities
(Guillermo, 2007).
Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series)
 American Colonial & Contemporary
Arts Traditions

Contemporary Arts
Leeroy New is one of the
Philippines contemporary
artists. This art installation
of Leeroy New was made
for the La Milagrosa Festival
in Ilocos Norte. According to
Leeroy New, the art
installation symbolizes the
Art Installation in Sand Dunes of
great festivals, feasts and Paoay
celebrations (Lape𝑛̃a, 2012).
ELEMENTS
OF
ARTS
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
1. SPACE
Space includes the
background,
foreground and
middle ground. It
also refers to the
distances or areas
around, between or
within components
of a piece.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
1. SPACE
Positive space refers
to the space of a
shape representing Positive Space Negative Space
(the subject or object
the subject matter.
(the empty space
in the work of art, not around the subject or
the space around objects)
Negative space refers them)

to the space around

and between the
subject matter.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
2. LINE
A line is a series of
connected points. It
may come in two
characteristics: form
– curved, dotted, or
broken lines; and
direction – vertical,
horizontal, or
diagonal lines.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
2. LINE
Different types of lines may convey
different meanings. For example, a horizontal
line usually suggests calmness, vertical lines
may convey strength, diagonal lines create an
impression of action, curved lines create an
expression of gradual change of direction, and
circular line may pertain an abrupt change of
direction.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS

A line is defined as a mark with length and direction,

created by a point that moves across a surface.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
3. SHAPE AND FORM
Shape is an area that is enclosed
by a line or lines. Shapes are two
dimensional figures with height and
width.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
3. SHAPE AND FORM
There are different kinds of shapes and
these are geometric shapes (triangle, squares,
rectangle, etc.), organic shapes (shapes found
in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud), abstract
shapes (asymmetrical and free flowing shapes).
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
3. SHAPE AND FORM
Meanwhile, forms are three dimensional
figures. Its dimensions are height, width, and
volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
4. COLOR
In visual arts, color is associated with
the natural phenomenon in our
environment. Scientifically, when a light
passes through a prism, it will produce
different hues of different wavelengths.
These colors may pertain to lightness,
darkness, coolness, or warmth.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
4. COLOR

RED,
BLUE &
YELLOW

Primary Colors
ELEMENTS OF ARTS

Warm Colors
Colors that are often
described as being higher in
temperature.
Reds, oranges, yellows
Associated with fire and sun
Optically, appear to advance
Stimulating and passionate
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Cool
Colors that are often
described as being lower in
temperature
Greens, Blues, and Violet
Associated with water, sky,
and spring
Optically, they appear to
recede
Calming and gloomy
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Colors and Mood

Picasso, the Old Guitarist Van Gogh, the Night Cafe

ELEMENTS OF ARTS
5. VALUE
In visual arts,
value is considered a
property of a color
which pertains to its
lightness or
darkness. The value,
or tone in an
artwork. It is also
directly related to
contrast.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Edward Weston, Pepper Chuck Close
(photograph) (made w/ thumbprints)

Value is an especially important element in works of art when color is

absent. This is particularly likely with drawings, printmaking, and
photographs.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
6. TEXTURE
In visual arts, texture is the
element that appeals to our sense
of feel on things, rough, smooth,
bumpy, or slippery.
It pertains to the surface of an
art piece.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
ELEMENTS OF ARTS

Albrecht Durer
Golsdworthy Rhinoceros
PRINCIPLES
OF
ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
1. Proportion
It refers to the relationship of the size of elements
in a body of art. For example, when drawing a
human standing beside a house, it is important to
ensure that the size of the human is proportional
to the size of the house.
How proportion is used will affect how realistic or
stylized something seems. Proportion also
describes how the sizes of different parts of a
piece of art or design relate to each other.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
2. Harmony
In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the
artwork, specifically the arrangement of the
related elements.
Harmony in a painting or design helps bring
about unity. All harmony and no contrast,
however, can become monotonous. A balance
must be struck between areas of harmony
and areas of contrast.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
3. Variety
In other terms, variety may be referred to as
diversity. This means adding multiple,
different elements to break the monotony of
an artwork and make it more interesting.
When an artist places different visual
elements next to one another, he/she is using
variety: Straight lines next to curvy lines.
Organic shapes among geometric shapes.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
4. Movement
In arts, movement is the illusion of motion in
a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece of
art.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
5. Rhythm
This refers to the repetition of certain
elements to produce a pattern. In visual arts,
repeated design elements may create a
certain flow and may lead the viewer ’ s eyes.
Rhythm can be seen in patterns, in
relationships between colors and shapes, and
in repetitions of lines and forms.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
6. Balance
Balance refers to the even and equal
distribution of elements. Balance is the
distribution of the visual weight of objects,
colors, texture, and space. If the design was a
scale, these elements should be balanced to
make a design feel stable.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
7. Emphasis
Emphasis is a principle that may refer to the
greater impact given on a certain element.
Emphasis is part of the design that catches
the viewer's attention. Usually, the artist will
make one area stand out by contrasting it
with other areas. The area could be different
in size, color, texture, shape, etc.