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CLL121 Tutorial 3

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30 views

CLL121 Tutorial 3

Uploaded by

poorvijain236
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLL121: Tutorial-3

(Reference Used: 9th Edition)

1. (Example 2.1) The Niagara river, separating the United States from Canada, flows
from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. These lakes differ in elevation by about 100 m. Most
of this drop occurs over Niagara Falls and in the rapids just above and below the
falls, creating a natural opportunity for hydroelectric power generation. The Robert
Moses hydroelectric power plant draws water from the river well above the falls and
discharges it well below them. It has a peak capacity of 2,300,000 kW at a maximum
water flow of 3,100,000 kg.s−1. In the following, take 1 kg of water as the system.
a. What is the potential energy of the water flowing out of Lake Erie, relative to
the surface of Lake Ontario?
b. At peak capacity, what fraction of this potential energy is converted to
electrical energy in the Robert Moses power plant?
c. If the temperature of the water is unchanged in the overall process, how much
heat flows to or from it?

2. (2.5) An electric hand mixer draws 1.5 amperes at 110 volts. It is used to mix 1 kg of
cookie dough for 5 minutes. After mixing, the temperature of the cookie dough is
found to have increased by 5 C. If the heat capacity of the dough is 4.2 kJ⋅kg−1⋅K−1,
what fraction of the electrical energy used by the mixer is converted to internal
energy of the dough? Discuss the fate of the remainder of the energy.

3. (2.8) A tank containing 20 kg of water at 20ÅãC is fitted with a stirrer that delivers
work to the water at the rate of 0.25 kW. How long does it take for the temperature of
the water to rise to 30 C if no heat is lost from the water? For water, CP = 4.18
kJ⋅kg−1⋅C−1.

4. (2.15) A wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 40 m produces 90 kW of electrical


power when the wind speed is 8 m⋅s−1. The density of air impinging on the turbine is
1.2 kg⋅m−3. What fraction of the kinetic energy of the wind impinging on the turbine is
converted to electrical energy?

5. (2.23) An incompressible (ρ = constant) liquid flows steadily through a conduit of


circular cross-section and increasing diameter. At location 1, the diameter is 2.5 cm
and the velocity is 2 m⋅s−1; at location 2, the diameter is 5 cm.
(a) What is the velocity at location 2?
(b) What is the kinetic-energy change (J⋅kg−1) of the fluid between locations 1 and
2?
6. (2.27) Fifty (50) kmol per hour of air is compressed from P1 = 1.2 bar to P2 = 6.0 bar
in a steady-flow compressor. Delivered mechanical power is 98.8 kW. Temperatures
and velocities are: T1 = 300 K, T2 = 520 K, u1 = 10 m⋅s−1, u2 = 3.5 m⋅s−1 . Estimate
the rate of heat transfer from the compressor. Assume for air that CP = 7/2 R and that
enthalpy is independent of pressure.

7. (2.36) (Steam at 1400 kPa and 350 C [state 1] enters a turbine through a pipe that is
8 cm in diameter, at a mass flow rate of 0.1 kg⋅s−1. The exhaust from the turbine is
carried through a 25 cm diameter pipe and is at 50 kPa and 100 C [state 2]. What is
the power output of the turbine?
H1 = 3150.7 kJ⋅kg−1 V1 = 0.20024 m3⋅kg−1
H2 = 2682.6 kJ⋅kg−1 V2 = 3.4181 m3⋅kg−1

8. (2.40) One kilogram of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from an initial
state of 300 K and 1 bar until its volume triples. Calculate W, Q, ΔU, and ΔH for the
process. Assume for air that PV / T = 83.14 bar⋅cm3⋅mol−1⋅K−1 and CP = 29
J⋅mol−1⋅K−1.

9. (2.41) The conditions of a gas change in a steady-flow process from 20°C and 1000
kPa to 60°C and 100 kPa. Devise a reversible nonflow process (any number of
steps) for accomplishing this change of state, and calculate ΔU and ΔH for the
process on the basis of 1 mol of gas. Assume for the gas that PV/T is constant, CV =
(5/2)R, and CP = (7/2)R.

10. (2.43) Like the flow calorimeter, a particular single-cup coffee maker uses an electric
heating element to heat a steady flow of water from 22°C to 88°C. It heats 8 fluid
ounces of water (with a mass of 237 g) in 60 s. Estimate the power requirement of
the heater during this process. You may assume the specific heat of water is
constant at 4.18 J⋅g−1⋅°C−1.

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