SRM Institute of Science and Technology

College of Engineering and Technology

School of Computing
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu
Academic Year: 2023-24 (EVEN) SET – 3(BATCH 2)
ANSWER KEY

Test: CLA-T1 Date: 09-02-2024

Course Code & Title: 18CSC303J Database Management Systems Duration: 50
Minutes
Year & Sem: III Year / VI Sem Max. Marks: 25

Course Articulation Matrix:

S. Course PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO
No. Outcome
1 CO1 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -
2 CO2 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -
3 CO3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -
4 CO4 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - 2 2 -
5 CO5 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -

Part - A
(10 x 1 = 10 Marks)
Instructions: Answer all
Q. Question Marks BL CO PO PI
No Code
1 ---------------------------- establish the top-bottom relation among 1 L1 1 1 1.6.1
the items.
a) Hierarchical schema
b) Network schema
c) Relational schema
d) Object oriented schema

Answer: a
2 Which statement is wrong regarding the role of database 1 L2 1 1 1.7.1
administrator?
a) Authorization for data access
b) Network maintenance
c) Routine Maintenance
d) Schema Definition.

Answer: b

3 Column in relational table is referred as----------- 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1

a) Attribute
b) Tuple
c) Domain
d) Relation

Answer: a
4 A ____________ key of a table can have more than one set of 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1
attributes that could be chosen as the key
a. Foreign key
b. Integrity key
c. Relationship
d. Candidate key

Answer: d
5 Architecture of the database can be viewed as 1 L1 1 1 1.6.1
 a) Two levels
b) Four levels
c) Three levels
d) one level

Answer: C
6 Which of the following in not a function of DBA? 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1
a) Network Maintenance
b) Routine Maintenance
c) Schema Definition
d) Authorization for data access

Answer : a
7 Data independence means 1 L1 1 1 1.6.1
a) Data is defined separately and not included in
programs.
b) Programs are not dependent on the physical attributes
of data
c) Programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of
data
d) Both B and C
Answer: d
8 Which of the following is generally used for performing tasks 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1
like creating the structure of the relations, deleting relation?
a) DML
b) DCL
c) DDL
d) Query
Answer: C
9 In database the term of table is ______, row indicated as 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1
_________ and column represents _________
a) Relation, Record, Attribute
b) Record, Relation, Attribute
c) Attribute, Relation, Record
d) Attribute, Record, Relation

Answer: a
10 The __________ model that outlays the encapsulation, 1 L1 1 1 1.7.1
abstraction, identity of objects along with the relational data.
a) Relational data model
b) E-R data model
c) Object relational model
d) Network data model

Answer : c
Part B (1 X 7.5 = 7.5)
11.a Demonstrate the different types of data models in detail. 7.5 L1 1 1 1.7.1

Certainly! Data models are abstract representations

that define how data is organized and accessed. There
are several types of data models, each with its own
approach to representing and structuring data. Here, I'll
provide an overview of four main types:

1. Hierarchical Data Model:

- Description:

- Organizes data in a tree-like structure with a top-

down hierarchy.

- Each parent node can have multiple child nodes,

creating a parent-child relationship.
 - Example:

- Used in early database systems like IBM's

Information Management System (IMS).

- In a company hierarchy, the CEO would be the

top node, with departments and employees as child
nodes.

2. Network Data Model:

- Description:

- Extends the hierarchical model by allowing many-

to-many relationships between nodes.

- Nodes can have multiple parent and child nodes.

- Example:

- Used in database systems like CODASYL.

- In a university system, a student could be

connected to multiple courses, and a course could have
multiple students.

3. Relational Data Model:

- Description:

- Represents data as tables with rows and columns.

- Utilizes the concept of keys to establish

relationships between tables.

- Example:

- Widely used in modern database management

systems (DBMS) like MySQL, Oracle, and SQL
Server.

- In a university database, you might have tables for

students, courses, and enrollment, with keys linking
them.

4. Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model):

-Description:

- Represents data in terms of entities, attributes, and

relationships.

- Entities are objects or concepts, attributes describe

properties, and relationships represent connections
between entities.

- Example:

- Used in the design phase of database

development.

- In a library database, entities could include books,

authors, and borrowers, with relationships indicating
 who borrowed which book.

Each data model has its strengths and weaknesses, and the
choice of model depends on the specific requirements of the
application and the preferences of the developers. In practice,
the relational data model is the most widely used due to its
simplicity, flexibility, and compatibility with modern database
management systems.

OR

11.b Express the roles and responsibilities of Database Administrator 7.5 L2 1 1 1.7.1
with example

A Database Administrator (DBA) plays a crucial role

in managing and maintaining databases to ensure their
optimal performance, security, and reliability. The
responsibilities of a DBA can vary depending on the
organization and the specific database system being
used. Here are some common roles and responsibilities
of a Database Administrator, along with examples:

1. Database Design and Planning:

- Responsibilities:

- Designing the database schema to meet the

requirements of the application.

- Planning for data storage, indexing, and

optimization.

- Example:

- Designing a relational database schema for an e-

commerce application, including tables for products,
customers, and orders with appropriate relationships.

2. Installation and Configuration:

- Responsibilities:

- Installing and configuring database management

systems (DBMS).

- Setting up parameters for optimal performance.

- Example:

- Installing and configuring MySQL or Oracle on a

server, specifying buffer sizes, cache configurations,
and other system parameters.

3. Security Management:

- Responsibilities:

- Implementing security measures to protect data

from unauthorized access.

- Managing user accounts and permissions.

- Example:

- Setting up user accounts with specific privileges,

ensuring that only authorized personnel can access
sensitive data.
4. Backup and Recovery:

- Responsibilities:

- Implementing regular backup strategies to prevent

data loss.

- Planning and executing recovery procedures in

case of system failures.

- Example:

- Scheduling daily backups of a financial database

and periodically testing the restoration process.

5. Performance Monitoring and Tuning:

- Responsibilities:

- Monitoring database performance and identifying

bottlenecks.

- Tuning queries and configurations for optimal

speed.

- Example:

- Analyzing slow-running queries, optimizing

indexes, and adjusting database parameters to improve
overall system performance.

6. Data Maintenance and Cleanup:

- Responsibilities:

- Ensuring data integrity and consistency.

- Performing routine maintenance tasks like data

archiving and purging.

- Example:

- Identifying and removing obsolete records from a

customer database to maintain efficient data storage.

7. Database Documentation:

- Responsibilities:

- Documenting database structures, configurations,

and procedures.

- Keeping documentation up-to-date for future

reference.

- Example:

- Creating and maintaining documentation that

includes the database schema, stored procedures, and
backup and recovery processes.
 8. Capacity Planning:

- Responsibilities:

- Estimating future growth and planning for

increased data volume.

- Scaling the database infrastructure to meet future

demands.

- Example:

- Predicting the growth of an online platform's user

base and expanding the database infrastructure to
accommodate the increased data load.

A Database Administrator plays a crucial role in ensuring the

reliability, security, and performance of databases, contributing
significantly to the overall success of an organization's IT
infrastructure.

Part C (1 X 7.5 = 7.5)

12 Consider an initial scenario wherein a conventional file system 7.5 L3 1 2 2.6.5
is employed by a small business to manage its data. Data
integrity, access, and administration present difficulties for the
organization as it expands. A Database Management System
(DBMS) migration is being considered by the company as a
solution to these challenges. By contrasting the two approaches,
investigate the scenario.

Conventional File System:

Challenges:
1. Data Redundancy:
- In a file system, data is often duplicated across various files,
leading to redundancy and inconsistency.
- For example, customer information might be stored in
multiple files, making it challenging to ensure that updates are
applied consistently.

2. Limited Data Integrity:

- With multiple copies of the same data, maintaining data
integrity becomes difficult.
- It's prone to errors and inconsistencies, especially when
updates or modifications are made to the data.

3. Limited Security and Access Control:

- File systems often lack robust security features, making it
challenging to control access to sensitive information.
- Setting up granular access controls based on user roles is
limited or non-existent.

4. Scalability Challenges:
- As the business expands, adding more data and managing
the increasing complexity becomes cumbersome.
- File systems may not scale efficiently, leading to
performance issues.

5. Limited Query and Reporting

 Capabilities:
- Retrieving specific information or generating complex
reports can be challenging and time-consuming.
- There is a lack of query languages or tools for efficient data
retrieval and analysis.

Database Management System (DBMS):

Advantages:
1. Data Centralization:
- A DBMS centralizes data in a structured manner, reducing
redundancy and ensuring consistency.
- For example, customer data can be stored in a single, well-
defined table.

2. Enhanced Data Integrity:

- DBMS provides mechanisms such as constraints and
transactions to maintain data integrity.
- Ensures that updates or modifications are performed in a
controlled and consistent manner.

3. Improved Security and Access Control:

- Robust security features allow for fine-grained control over
data access.
- User roles and permissions can be defined to restrict access
to sensitive information.

4. Scalability:
- DBMS is designed to handle large amounts of data
efficiently.
- It can scale with the growing needs of the business without
sacrificing performance.

5. Query and Reporting Capabilities:

- SQL (Structured Query Language) in DBMS enables
powerful and efficient querying.
- Reporting tools can easily extract, analyze, and present data,
aiding decision-making processes.

6. Data Administration and Maintenance:

- Centralized administration tools make it easier to manage,
monitor, and maintain the database.
- Backups, recovery, and routine maintenance tasks are
streamlined.

Conclusion:

In summary, migrating from a conventional file system to a

Database Management System offers significant advantages in
terms of data organization, integrity, security, scalability, and
query capabilities. As the small business expands, adopting a
DBMS becomes a more sustainable solution to manage and
leverage its data effectively. The transition may require an
initial investment in terms of training and setup, but the long-
term benefits in data management and efficiency make it a
valuable consideration for organizational growth.

*Program Indicators are available separately for Computer Science and Engineering in AICTE
examination reforms policy.

Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

Approved by the Audit Professor/Course Coordinator