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Lecture 02 - Uncertainty and Calibration

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Lecture 02 - Uncertainty and Calibration

Uploaded by

mohammad.ilhamaziiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measurement Error &

Uncertainty
Pengukuran & Metrologi
Dr.-Ing. Ridho Irwansyah
Agung Shamsuddin Saragih, Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Universitas Indonesia
General Terms in Measurement
• Accuracy is the degree of agreement of the measured value with its true magnitude.
• Accuracy can also be translated as the nearness of the measured value to its true
value.
• Precision is the degree of repetitiveness of the measuring process.
• Precision is the degree of agreement of the repeated measurements of a quantity
made by using the same method, under similar conditions.
• Precision is often, although incorrectly, confused with accuracy.

Raghavendra, N. V., & Krishnamurthy, L. (2013). Engineering metrology and measurements.


Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2
General Terms in Measurement
• Repeatability describes the closeness of output readings when the
same input is applied repetitively over a short period of time,
with the same measurement conditions, same instrument and
observer, same location, and same conditions of use maintained
throughout.
• Reproducibility describes the closeness of output readings for the
same input when there are changes in the method of
measurement, observer, measuring instrument, location,
conditions of use, and time of measurement.
• Tolerance is a term that is closely related to accuracy and defines
the maximum error that is to be expected in some value.
• The range or span of an instrument defines the minimum and
maximum values of a quantity that the instrument is designed to
measure.
Morris, Alan S., and Reza Langari. Measurement and
instrumentation: theory and application. Academic Press, 2012.

3
General Terms in Measurement

• The linearity between the measured and the


true value is normally desirable.
• Accuracy is related with sensitivity and
consistency.
• Sensitivity is the ability of the measuring device
to detect small variations in the quantity being
measured.
• When successive readings of the measured
quantity obtained from the measuring
instrument are same all the time, the equipment
is said to be consistent.

Morris, Alan S., and Reza Langari. Measurement and


instrumentation: theory and application. Academic Press, 2012.
4
Errors in Measurements
• The difference between the true value and the mean value of the set of readings on
the same component is called as an error.
• 𝐸 = 𝑉𝑚 − 𝑉𝑡 (Eq. 1)
• Vm is the measured value
• Vt is the true value
• Error in measurement can be grouped into absolute error (Eq. 1) and relative error
(normally presented in %), which is the ratio between the absolute error and true
value.
𝑉𝑚 −𝑉𝑡
• %𝐸 = × 100 (Eq. 2)
𝑉𝑡

• A measurement device is more likely to be accurate when the magnitude of error is


low.

5
Errors in Measurements
• Errors in measurement can be grouped into
systematic and random errors.
• Systematic error is a type of error that deviates
by a fixed amount from the true value. Sources
of systematic errors are:
• Calibration errors
• Ambient conditions
• Deformation of workpiece
• Avoidable errors
• Random errors provide a measure of random
deviations when measurements of a physical
quantity are carried out repeatedly under
similar conditions.
• Random errors can be minimized by calculating
the average of a large number of observations.

6
Errors in Measurement

7
Calibration of Measuring Instruments
• Calibration is the documented
comparison of the measurement device
to be calibrated against a traceable
reference device (standard).
• Calibration applies a known input value
to a measurement system for the
purpose of observing the system output
value.
• Calibration can be categorized as static
and dynamic calibration.
• In static calibration a known value is
input to the system under calibration
and the system output is recorded
Figliola, Richard S., and Donald E. Beasley. Theory and design for
mechanical measurements. John Wiley & Sons, 2020.

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