OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Project
Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc Arup Jururunding Sdn Bhd ENTER DATA IN BLUE CELLS ONLY.
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page RED MESSAGES INDICATE ENTRY ERRORS.
Location Grid line 1 rc 04-Feb-2025 101
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etChecked Revision Job No
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC chg - R68

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS DESIGN STATUS: VALID

L in e L o a d L G K , L Q K in k N / m
WARNING : X
Passive pressure should
2

S u r c h a r g e S G K , S Q K in k N / m
only be considered if it 
can be guaranteed that 
there will be no future T W
excavation in front of
the wall. W A TE R
B 1

L L

L S
H W

L E

L W
T b
H P

H n
B N T N
L P

B
DIMENSIONS (mm) 
H= 3250 B= 4000 Tw = 300
Hw = 1500 BI = 1200 Tb = 300
Hp = 300 BN = 0 TN = 0
Hn = 0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fcu = 35 N/mm² gm = 1.5 concrete 
fy = 460 N/mm² gm = 1.05 steel 
cover to tension steel = 50 mm
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) = 0.3 mm (0.2 or 0.3 BS8007 specifies crack widths
mm only)
Concrete density = 24 kN/m³ of 0.1 or 0.2 mm.
SOIL PROPERTIES Wall Geometry
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l (Ø) = 30 degree
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) = 0 kN/m² (Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)
Density of retained mat'l (q ) = 20 kN/m³
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) = 5.00 kN/m³ [default=2/3*q (only apply when 13.33
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (Øb) = 20 degree ASSUMPTIONS
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) = 10 kN/m² a) Wall friction is zero
Density of base material (qb ) = 10 kN/m³ b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) = 200 kN/m² c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure
LOADINGS Surcharge load -- live (SQK) = 10 kN/m² e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
Surcharge load -- dead (SGK) = 10 water beneath the wall.
Line load -- live (LQK) = 10.3 kN/m f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to 300
Line load -- dead (LGK) = 43 kN/m lateral earth pressures
Distance of line load from wall (X) = 0 mm h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high
i) Does not include check for temp. or shrinkage effects 29.58
LATERAL FORCES (unfactored) Ka = 0.33 [ default ka = (1-SIN Ø)/(1+SIN Ø)0.33
Kp = 2.04 [ default kp = (1+SIN Øb)/(1-SIN Ø2.04
Kpc = 2.86 [ default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] = 2.86
Kac = 1.15 [ 2ka0.5 ]

Force Lever arm Moment about TOE gf Fult Mult

(kN) (m) (kNm) (kN) (kNm)
PE = 29.58 LE = 1.194 35.33 1.40 41.42 49.46
PS(GK) = 10.83 LS = 1.63 17.60 1.40 15.17 24.65
PS(QK) = 10.83 LS = 1.63 17.60 1.60 17.33 28.17
PL(GK) = 14.33 LL = 3.25 46.58 1.40 20.07 65.22
PL(QK) = 3.43 LL = 3.25 11.16 1.60 5.49 17.85
PW = 11.25 LW = 0.50 5.63 1.40 15.75 7.87 REINFORCEMENT DENSITY
Total 80.27 133.90 115.23 193.22 274.4 kg/m
PP = -9.49 (LP-HN) = 0.15 -1.38 1.00 -9.49 -1.38
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc Arup Jururunding Sdn Bhd
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 04-Feb-2025 102

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC chg - R68

EXTERNAL STABILITY STABILITY CHECKS : OK

OVERTURNING about TOE F.O.S = 1.50

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) LOADING OPTION
Overturning Lateral FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) (select critical load combination)
Moments PE = 29.58 LE = 1.08 32.05 EARTH
PS(GK) = 10.83 LS = 1.63 17.60 ✘ PS(GK) Warning:
PS(QK) = 10.83 LS = 1.63 17.60 ✘ PS(QK)
PL(GK) = 14.33 LL = 3.25 46.58 ✘ PL(GK)
PL(QK) = 3.43 LL = 3.25 11.16 ✘ PL(QK)
PW = 11.25 LW = 0.50 5.63 ✘ PW
å P = 80.27
Pp = -9.49 (LP-HN) = 0.15 -1.38
å Mo = 129.25

Restoring Vertical FORCE (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm)

Moments Wall = 17.64 1.35 23.81
Base = 16.80 2.00 33.60 Warning:
Nib = 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth = 102.50 2.75 281.88 ✘ ALLOW BUOYANCY OF BASE
Water = 30.00 2.75 82.50
Surcharge = 50.00 2.75 137.50
Line load = 53.30 1.50 79.95
å V = 270.24 å Mr = 639.24

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo = 4.95 > 1.50 OK

SLIDING (using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor) F.O.S = 1.50

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P = 80.27 kN

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) = -9.49 kN Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00
BASE FRICTION ( å V TANØb + B Cb ) = -138.36 kN
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr = -147.85 kN

Factor of Safety, Pr / P = 1.84 > 1.50 OK

GROUND BEARING FAI Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :

Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m) Moment (kNm) BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m²)
Wall = 21.24 0.65 13.81 0 0 .4 8 .9 6 .4 4 .9 2 .4 0 .8 8 .3 6 .8 4
0. 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3
Base = 28.80 0.00 0.00 0

Nib = 0.00 2.00 0.00

Earth = 102.50 -0.75 -76.88
Water = 30.00 -0.75 -22.50
Surcharge= 50.00 -0.75 -37.50 50
Line load = 53.30 0.50 26.65
å V= 285.84 å Mv = -96.42

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo = 129.25 kNm

100

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo = 32.83 kNm

Eccentricity from base centre, M / V = 0.12 m

Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) = 80 kN/m² < 200 OK
Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc Arup Jururunding Sdn Bhd

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 04-Feb-2025 104

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC chg - R68

OUTER BASE ( per metre length ) BS8110

gf = 1.44 (default = ult mt / non-factored m1.44 reference
V ult = 111.44 kN
M ult = 89.45 kNm ( '+' TENSION AT BOTTOM FACE)

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 390 mm2 Table 3.25

f= 16 mm
centres = 150 mm < 558 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 1340 mm2 > 390 OK

MOMENT of RESISTANCE : d = 242 mm

z = 223.22 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 131.08 kNm > 89.45 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.55%

vc = 0.66 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 159.32 kN > 111.44 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH TO BS8110/BS8007(Temperature

: and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 80.69 mm em = 0.000905 BS8007
Acr = 86.81 mm W= 0.18 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2

INNER BASE ( per metre length )

V ult = 111.03 kN
M ult = 71.41 kNm (TENSION - TOP FACE)

TOP REINFORCEMENT : Min. As = 390 mm2 Table 3.25

f = 16 mm
centres = 150 mm < 524 OK 3.12.11.2.7(b)
Asprov = 1340 mm2 > 390 OK

MOMENT RESISTANCE : d = 242 mm

z = 223.22 mm 3.4.4.4
As' = 0 mm2
Mres = 131.08 kNm > 71.41 OK

SHEAR RESISTANCE: 100 As/bd = 0.55%

vc = 0.66 N/mm2 Table 3.8
Vres = 159.32 kN > 111.03 OK 3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH to BS8100/ BS8007 (Temperature

: and shrinkage effects not included)
X= 80.69 mm em = 0.000611 BS8007
Acr = 86.81 mm W= 0.12 mm < 0.30 OK App. B.2

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

Type f Centers As Min. As

mm mm mm2 mm2
TOP (DESIGN) T 16 150 1340 390 OK
BOTTOM (DESIGN) T 16 150 1340 390 OK
TRANSVERSE T 12 200 565 390 OK
 Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc Arup Jururunding Sdn Bhd
Project
Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Grid line 1 rc 04-Feb-2025 105

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:Checked Revision Job No

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC chg - R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No. Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight

WALL VERTICAL - External face 7 T 12 3046 0.888 18.93

VERTICAL - Internal face 7 T 20 3110 2.466 53.69
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.) 40 T 12 1000 0.888 35.51

BASE TOP (MAIN) 7 T 16 4128 1.578 45.61

BOTTOM (MAIN) 7 T 16 4128 1.578 45.61
TRANSVERSE ( T & B ) 42 T 12 1000 0.888 37.29
WALL STARTERS (Ext.) 7 T 12 1155 0.888 7.18
WALL STARTERS (Int.) 7 T 20 1475 2.466 25.46

NIB (assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 7 T 12 96 0.888 0.60
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN) 7 T 20 160 2.466 2.76
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.) 2 T 12 1000 0.888 1.78

SUMMARY Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg) 274.4
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location Grid line 1 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS I
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. sheet 1 of 2 Made by rc Job No R
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC

DESIGN STATUS: VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*
(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))
4

1 73.72
0 79.87 3
BEARING PRESSURE DI-
0.4 77.41 3 AGRAM
0.8 74.95 3
1.2 72.48 3 0 1 2 3 4 5
0.00
1.6 70.02 3
2 67.56 3
KN/M^2

2.4 65.10 3
50.00
2.8 62.64 3
3.2 60.17 3
3.6 57.71 3 100.00
M
4 55.25 3
4 0.00 0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
73.72
0 0.00 79.870 0 79.870 0.080 6.390 8.370 0.080 6.390
1 0.08 79.378 BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM 1 79.378 0.080 6.350 7.811 0.080 6.350
2 0.16 78.885 2 78.885 0.080 6.311 7.257 0.080 6.311
3 0.24 78.393 3 78.393 0.080 6.271 6.710 0.080 6.271
4 0.32 77.901 .0
0
.5
6
.1
2
.6
8
.2
4
.8
0
.3
6
.9
2 4 77.901 0.080 6.232 6.170 0.080 6.232
0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3
5 0.40 77.408 0
5 77.408 0.080 6.193 5.635 0.080 6.193
6 0.48 76.916 6 76.916 0.080 6.153 5.107 0.080 6.153
7 0.56 76.423 7 76.423 0.080 6.114 4.585 0.080 6.114
KN/M^2

8 0.64 75.931 8 75.931 0.080 6.074 4.070 0.080 6.074

50
9 0.72 75.439 9 75.439 0.080 6.035 3.561 0.080 6.035
10 0.80 74.946 10 74.946 0.080 5.996 3.058 0.080 5.996
11 0.88 74.454 11 74.454 0.080 5.956 2.561 0.080 5.956
12 0.96 73.961 100 12 73.961 0.080 5.917 2.071 0.080 5.917
M
13 1.04 73.469 13 73.469 0.080 5.878 1.587 0.080 5.878
14 1.12 72.976 14 72.976 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
15 1.20 72.484 15 72.484 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
16 1.28 71.992 73.72 16 71.992 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
17 1.36 71.499 BP 0 79.87 17 71.499 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
18 1.44 71.007 BPE 1.2 72.484 18 71.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
19 1.52 70.514 BPI 1.5 70.638 19 70.514 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 1.60 70.022 BPZ 4 55.25 20 70.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
21 1.68 69.530 21 69.530 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
22 1.76 69.037 22 69.037 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
23 1.84 68.545 23 68.545 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
24 1.92 68.052 24 68.052 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
25 2.00 67.560 25 67.560 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
26 2.08 67.068 26 67.068 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
27 2.16 66.575 27 66.575 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
28 2.24 66.083 28 66.083 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
29 2.32 65.590 29 65.590 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 2.40 65.098 30 65.098 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
31 2.48 64.606 31 64.606 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
32 2.56 64.113 32 64.113 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
33 2.64 63.621 33 63.621 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
34 2.72 63.128 34 63.128 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
35 2.80 62.636 35 62.636 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
36 2.88 62.144 36 62.144 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
37 2.96 61.651 37 61.651 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
38 3.04 61.159 38 61.159 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
39 3.12 60.666 39 60.666 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 3.20 60.174 40 60.174 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
41 3.28 59.681 41 59.681 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
42 3.36 59.189 42 59.189 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
43 3.44 58.697 43 58.697 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
44 3.52 58.204 44 58.204 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
45 3.60 57.712 45 57.712 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
46 3.68 57.219 46 57.219 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
47 3.76 56.727 47 56.727 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
48 3.84 56.235 48 56.235 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
49 3.92 55.742 49 55.742 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
50 4.00 55.2498 50 55.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
85.870 68.554 85.870

Page 5
 Diagrams

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc

Location Grid line 1 DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. sheet 1 of 2 Made by rc Job No R
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC

YY= 2.95 MTE= 24.98

MTLG= 42.28
MTLQ= 10.13
MTSG= 14.504
MTSQ= 14.50
MTW= 2.88

UTM= 157.92
157.92
0 0.00 0 0.00
1 0.06 1.5336 0.06 MOMENT DIAGRAM
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
2 0.12 3.1182 0.12 0.00
3 0.18 4.7539 0.18 0.12
4 0.24 6.4406 0.24 0.24
0.35
5 0.30 8.1784 0.30
0.47
6 0.35 9.9672 0.35
0.59
7 0.41 11.807 0.41 0.71
8 0.47 13.698 0.47 0.83
9 0.53 15.64 0.53 0.94
10 0.59 17.633 0.59 1.06
1.18
11 0.65 19.677 0.65
WALL (M)

1.30
12 0.71 21.772 0.71
1.42
13 0.77 23.919 0.77 1.53
14 0.83 26.116 0.83 1.65
15 0.89 28.364 0.89 1.77

16 0.94 30.664 0.94 1.89

2.01
17 1.00 33.014 1.00
2.12
18 1.06 35.415 1.06
2.24
19 1.12 37.868 1.12 2.36
20 1.18 40.372 1.18 2.48
21 1.24 42.926 1.24 2.60

22 1.30 45.532 1.30 2.71

2.83
23 1.36 48.189 1.36 ULT. MT (KNM)
2.95
24 1.42 50.897 1.42
25 1.48 53.655 1.48
26 1.53 56.59 1.53
27 1.59 59.693 1.59
28 1.65 62.884 1.65
29 1.71 66.162 1.71
30 1.77 69.531 1.77
31 1.83 72.981 1.83
32 1.89 76.513 1.89
33 1.95 80.13 1.95
34 2.01 83.836 2.01
35 2.07 87.634 2.07
36 2.12 91.527 2.12
37 2.18 95.519 2.18
38 2.24 99.613 2.24
39 2.30 103.81 2.30
40 2.36 108.12 2.36
41 2.42 112.54 2.42
42 2.48 117.08 2.48
43 2.54 121.73 2.54
44 2.60 126.51 2.60
45 2.66 131.41 2.66
46 2.71 136.44 2.71
47 2.77 141.61 2.77
48 2.83 146.91 2.83
49 2.89 152.34 2.89
50 2.95 157.92 2.95

0 0
0 300 WALL GEOMETRY
1200 300 4000
1200 3250
3500
1500 3250
3000
1500 300
4000 300 2500
WALL (mm)

4000 0 2000
0 0
1500
0 0
1000
0 0
0 0 500

0 0 0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

3250 4000
BASE ( mm)

Page 6
 Diagrams

ade by rc Job No R68

Date 4-Feb-25

1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-

0.08 6.390
0.08 6.350
0.08 6.311
0.08 6.271
0.08 6.232
0.08 6.193
0.08 6.153
0.08 6.114
0.08 6.074
0.08 6.035
0.08 5.996
0.08 5.956
0.08 5.917
0.08 5.878
0.08 5.838
0.08 5.799
0.08 5.759
0.08 5.720
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
0 0.000
###

Page 7
 Diagrams

ade by rc Job No R68

Date 4-Feb-25

Page 8
 Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
Location Grid line 1 CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. Made by rc Job No R68
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' v1.3 © 2000 BCA for RCC Date 4-Feb-25

WALL
MR= 15.06 MIN SPACING= 231 ASreq = 1743.1 fs = 255.23Asprov%= 0.8727
As/bd= 0.009 MSBB= 558 ASBBreq 0.01 fs = 0.0023Asprov%= 0.5539
X= 95.47 MSBT= 524 ASBTreq 730.24 fs = 167.07Asprov%= 0.5539
Ic= 948749705
STS= 0.0013
ST1= 0.0018
ST2= 0.0003455
Acr= 86.046864
W= 0.28
em= 0.0015

MR= 15.06 MR= 15.06

AsBB/bd= 0.0055 AsBB/bd= 0.0055
X= 80.69 X= 80.69
Ic= 700256021 Ic= 700256021
STS= 0.0011 STS= 0.0009
ST1= 0.0015 ST1= 0.0012
ST2= 0.0005561 ST2= 0.0005561
Acr= 86.810337 Acr= 86.810337
W= 0.18 W= 0.1191
em= 0.0009 em= 0.0006

Page 9
 Notes

Disclaimer
All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Coun
will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use a
(including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepte
subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all BCA software and publications
time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadshe
8110 and EC2' available from British Cement Association, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshi

Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.

Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date Version Action

First public release.
06-Aug-99 RCC62 v1.0
Includes b version comments
Crack width w for top of inner base amended.
24-Mar-2000 RCC62 v1.1 Notes re crack widths and cracking added in
DATA!

Buoyance option + notes added. Passive

15-Apr-2001 RCC62 v1.2
pressure reduction factor rectified

16-Jun-2001 RCC62 v1.3 Crack width calculation to outer base amended

Page 10
 Notes

einforced Concrete Council is intended for those who

esponsibility for its use and application. No liability
or information is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their
software and publications are subject to revision from
of the latest version.

g publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS

nue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.

Size (kB)
398

398

398

365

Page 11