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Study Material for Assignment No. 1

The document defines specifications as detailed information about construction work, outlining their purposes such as guiding contractors, determining costs, and ensuring quality. It emphasizes essential requirements for specifications, including clarity, accuracy, and fairness, and distinguishes between standard, detailed, and design-oriented specifications, each serving different roles in the construction industry. The importance of specifications is highlighted in terms of legal strength, dispute resolution, and providing a clear framework for project execution.

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Chitra Verma
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1 views

Study Material for Assignment No. 1

The document defines specifications as detailed information about construction work, outlining their purposes such as guiding contractors, determining costs, and ensuring quality. It emphasizes essential requirements for specifications, including clarity, accuracy, and fairness, and distinguishes between standard, detailed, and design-oriented specifications, each serving different roles in the construction industry. The importance of specifications is highlighted in terms of legal strength, dispute resolution, and providing a clear framework for project execution.

Uploaded by

Chitra Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT NO.

(1) Define Specification. State the purposes of using the specifications.

Ans:

• Specification:-
The process of giving the brief as well as detailed information about the work to be executed
is known as Specification.
• Purposes of using the specifications:-
(i) The cost of a unit quantity of work is governed by its specifications.
(ii) Specification of a work is required to describe the quality and quantity of different materials
required for a construction work and is one of the essential contract documents.
(iii) This also specifies the workmanship and the method of doing the work. Thus specification
of a work serves as a guide to a supervising staff of a contractor as well as to the owner to
execute the work to their satisfaction.
(iv) A work is carried out according to its specification and the contractor is paid for the same.
Any change in specification changes the tendered rate.
(v) As the rate of work is based on the specification, a contractor can calculate the rates of
various items of works in tender with his procurement rates of materials and labour. Thus
tender rate without specification of works is baseless, incomplete and invalid.
(vi) Specification is necessary to specify the equipment tools and plants to be engaged for a
work and thus enables to procure them beforehand.
(vii) The necessity of specification is to verify and check the strength of materials for a work
involved in a project.

(2) State the essential requirements of the specifications.

Ans:

• The essential requirements of the specifications are as follows:-


(1) Subject matter:
(i) The subject matter of the specification should relate to the information required for the
contractor after the contract is given to him.
(ii) The requirements which are to be enforced only should be included in the specification.
(iii) All sentences should follow the rules of grammar.
(iv) Well known abbreviations in the building industry should be used.
(v) The main aim is to resent a clear picture of facts.
(vi) The style of arranging of ideas should be clear and brief.
(2) Selection of words:
(i) Suitable words in the desired meaning should be used.
(ii) Words having more than one meaning or unfamiliar words shall not be used.
(3) Accuracy:
(i) The information given in the specification should be complete and correct. Information
should not be repeated.
(4) Clearness:
(i) As far as possible the information should be clear. It should state whether the contractor
shall or shall not do. In fact the parties, owner and contractor should follow the same sense.
(5) Brevity:
Sentences should be short simple and concise. Straight forward specification would be
clearly understood by the persons filling the tenders. The brevity is the essence of
specifications.
(6) Practical limits & commercial sizes:
The specification should be framed within the practical limitation of the materials and
workman ship. It should not specify practical impossibilities. It should specify the use of
commercial sizes and pattern of materials available in the market.
(7) Fairness:
The specification should be fair and should not be framed in such a way so as to throw all
the risks on the shoulders of the contractors. Likely hazards, difficulties should be specified
so as to give a clear picture of the work to the contractor.

(3) Explain the necessity of writing specification and its importance in construction industry.

Ans:

• Necessities of writing specification are as follows:-


(i) The specifications define the quality of materials and workmanship. Hence this will help
the contractor to quote correct rates for the different items of works.
(ii) The information contained in the specifications will serve as a guide to the contractor as
well as to the supervising staff during execution of the work.
(iii) Specifications help the owner to check and satisfy with the works, during execution.
(iv) In case of disputes between the owner and contractor with respect to the method of
construction, quality and quantity of materials used, equipments and machineries used etc the
specifications play the major role in solving the disputes and arriving at a settlement.
• Importance of specification in construction industry:-
(i) Drawings and Specifications form two important contract documents. Information such as
dimensions, type of construction, etc which can be easily expressed graphically is put up on
the drawings.
(ii) On the other hand, instructions which can be easily expressed well in writing are written
in the specifications.
(iii) The provisions in the specifications are given more legal strength and most of the
contracts state that in case of discrepancy between the drawings and specifications, the
provisions of the specifications shall be the final.

(4) Explain the points to be included while writing the specifications for civil engineering
works.

Ans:

• The points to be included while writing the specifications for civil engineering works are
as follows:-
(i) Quality of materials to be used with strength or size requirements.
(ii) Quantity of materials to be used and the methods of measurements to be followed.
(iii) Method of mixing when different materials are used.
(iv) Construction methods to be followed mentioning the equipment and machinery to be
used.
(v) Dimensions of works such as breadth, thickness etc.
(vi) Methods of measurements of works for payments.

(5) Define standard or brief specification and state its uses as well as its importance in the
construction industry.

Ans:

• Standard or brief specification:


The type of specification which defines the nature, class of works and names of materials
is known as the Standard or Brief specification.
• Uses and importance of the standard or brief specifications in construction industry are as
follows:-
(i) It defines the nature, class of works and names of materials.
(ii) It gives a general idea of the whole work to be executed.
(iii) It is useful in preparing the preliminary estimate.
(iv) It does not form the part of the contract document.
(v) It signifies the brief idea of work to be executed.
(6) Define detailed specification and state its uses as well as its importance in the construction
industry.
Ans:
• Detailed specification:
The type of specification which defines the qualities, quantities, proportions of materials
and the method of preparation for a particular item of works in a project is known as
detailed estimate.
• Uses and importance of the detailed specifications in construction industry are as
follows:-
(i) It forms the part of the contract document.
(ii) It describes the whole work to be executed in detail.
(iii) It is useful in preparing the detailed estimate.
(iv) It defines the quantities, qualities, proportions of materials and the method of
preparation for a particular item of work in detail.
(v) It also defines the costing required for executing a particular item of work in detail.
(7) Define design or research oriented specification and state its uses as well as its importance
in the construction industry.
Ans:
• Design or research oriented specification:
The type of specification which is used for preparing the specification for research
oriented projects is known as design or research oriented specification.
• Uses and importance of the design or research oriented specifications in construction
industry are as follows:-
(i) It is generally used for preparing the specifications for the research oriented projects.
(ii) It describes the whole work to be executed in precise form.
(iii) Its specifications can be altered anytime based on the requirements.
(iv) Its specifications are formed on the basis of imagination, as its useful for new
research oriented projects.
(v) It also incorporate new techniques while forming the specification.

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