Scribd
Upload
2 views

Lab-Manual-FsjshsM-Modulation

The document outlines a lab manual for a communication systems experiment focusing on FM modulation and demodulation. It details the aim, required apparatus, theoretical background, procedures for conducting the experiment, and includes viva questions related to frequency modulation. The result of the experiment is the observation and plotting of the modulation characteristics of FM modulator and demodulator.

Uploaded by

ravi jhajhriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Lab-Manual-FsjshsM-Modulation

The document outlines a lab manual for a communication systems experiment focusing on FM modulation and demodulation. It details the aim, required apparatus, theoretical background, procedures for conducting the experiment, and includes viva questions related to frequency modulation. The result of the experiment is the observation and plotting of the modulation characteristics of FM modulator and demodulator.

Uploaded by

ravi jhajhriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

EC8561- COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL

4. FMMODULATION AND DEMODULATION


AIM:
To plot the modulation characteristics of FM modulator and demodulator and also to
Observe and measure frequency deviation and modulation index of FM.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the Equipment/ Component Range Quantity
1. FM Transmitter kit - ACL 03 - 1
2. FM Receiver kit - ACL 04 - 1
3. CRO 30 MHz 1
4. Power supply 5V, ±12V 1
5. Patch chords - Required

THEORY:
Frequency modulation is a type of modulation in which the frequency of the high
frequency (carrier) is varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating
signal.
FREQUENCY MODULATION GENERATION:
The circuits used to generate a frequency modulation must vary the frequency of a high
frequency signal (carrier) as function of the amplitude of a low frequency signal (modulating
signal). In practice there are two main methods used to generate FM.
DIRECT METHOD
An oscilloscope is used in which the reactance of one of the elements of the resonant
circuit depends on the modulating voltage. The most common device with variable reactance is
the Varactor or Varicap, which is a particular diode which capacity varies as function of the
reverse bias voltage. The frequency of the carrier is established with AFC circuits (Automated
frequency control) or PLL (Phase locked loop).
INDIRECT METHOD:
The FM is obtained in this case by a phase modulation, after the modulating signal has
been integrated. In this phase modulator the carrier can be generated by a quartz oscillator, and
so its frequency stabilization is easier. In the circuit used for the exercise, the frequency
modulation is generated by a Hartley oscillator, which frequency is determined by a fixed
inductance and by capacity (variable) supplied by varicap diodes.
FREQUENCY DEVIATION f and MODULATION INDEX fm:

24
EC8561- COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL

The frequency deviation f represents the maximum shift between the modulated signal
frequency, over and under the frequency of the carrier.
TABULATION

Time Period
Parameter Amplitude (V) Frequency in Hz
in seconds

Message signal

Carrier signal
Tmin = Fmin =
Modulated signal
Tmax = Fmax =

Demodulated signal

MODEL GRAPH

25
EC8561- COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL

We define modulation index m f the ratio between f and the modulating frequency f.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the power supply with proper polarity to the kit. While connecting this ensures
that the Power supply is OFF.
2. Switch on the power supply and carry out the following presetting as shown incircuit
Diagram.
3. In the FM modulator set the level about 2Vpp and frequency knob to theminimum and
switch on 1500 KHz.

26
EC8561- COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL

4. Observe the FM modulated waveform from the RF/FM output of the FMmodulator
measure frequency deviation and modulation index of FM.
5. For demodulation switch on the demodulator and carry out the followingdemodulation
connection as shown in circuit diagram.
6. Observe the demodulated waveform and plot the graph.
VIVA QUESTION

1. Why frequency modulation is better than amplitude modulation?


2. What is the application of FM?
3. What is PLL?
4. What is FM modulation?
5. What is FM demodulation?
6. Define frequency deviation in FM?
7. Difference between narrowband and wideband FM?
8. What are the advantages of FM over AM?
9. What are the disadvantages of FM over AM?
10. Mention the types of digital modulation.

RESULT:
Thus the modulation characteristics of FM modulator and demodulator are observed and
plotted.

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

27

You might also like