IPC-1782

Standard for Manufacturing

Developed by the Critical Components Traceability Task Group (2-19A) of

Users of this publication are encouraged to participate in the

Contact:

IPC
October 2016 IPC-1782

Table of Contents
1 SCOPE ...................................................................... 1 3.29 Traceability .......................................................... 4
1.1 Purpose ................................................................. 1 3.30 Unique Materials ................................................. 4
1.2 About This Standard and the Concept of 3.31 Work Order .......................................................... 4
Traceability .......................................................... 1
1.3 Application of This Standard .............................. 2 4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ................................... 4
1.4 Sectional Traceability Standards and the 4.1 Guidance on the Use of This Standard ............... 4
Maintenance of This Standard ............................ 2 4.2 Risk Assessment .................................................. 5
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .................................... 2 4.3 Determine Traceability Level .............................. 5
2.1 IPC ....................................................................... 2 4.4 Document Action in User Agreement ................. 5
2.2 Joint Industry Standards ...................................... 2 4.5 Monitor Risk/Update Traceability Level ............ 5
2.3 Electrostatic Discharge Association (ESDA) ...... 2 4.6 Nonconforming Items .......................................... 5
2.4 US Department of Defense (DoD) ..................... 2
5 LEVELS OF TRACEABILITY ................................... 6
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ...................................... 2 5.1 Material and Process Traceability Levels ........... 6
3.1 As Agreed Between User and Supplier 5.1.1 Level 1 Traceability: Basic ................................. 6
(AABUS) ............................................................. 2
5.1.2 Level 2 Traceability: Standard ............................ 6
3.2 Authorized Supplier ............................................. 2
3.3 Automated Data Collection/Data-Gathering 5.1.3 Level 3 Traceability: Advanced .......................... 7
Automation ........................................................... 3 5.1.4 Level 4 Traceability: Comprehensive ................. 7
3.4 Batch Code ........................................................... 3 5.2 Guidelines for Classification and
3.5 Cell ....................................................................... 3 Traceability Levels .............................................. 7
3.6 Cell Structure ....................................................... 3
6 CELL STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS .................... 9
3.7 Common Materials .............................................. 3
6.1 Assembly Cell .................................................... 10
3.8 Component ........................................................... 3 6.2 Work-Order Information Cell ............................ 12
3.9 Dashboard ............................................................ 3 6.3 Bill of Materials Cell ......................................... 12
3.10 Data Integrity ....................................................... 3 6.4 Material Traceability Cell .................................. 13
3.11 Date Code ............................................................ 3 6.5 Unique Material/Subassembly
3.12 Lot Number .......................................................... 3 Traceability Cell ................................................ 14
3.13 Manual Data Management .................................. 3 6.5.1 Software/Firmware Material
3.14 Material Traceability ............................................ 3 Traceability Cell ................................................ 14
3.15 Materials ............................................................... 3 6.5.2 Packing and Shipping Material
Traceability Cell ................................................ 14
3.16 Mechanical Assembly .......................................... 3
6.5.3 Label Material Traceability Cell ....................... 14
3.17 Process Identification (ID) ................................... 3
6.6 Process Data Traceability Cell .......................... 15
3.18 Process Traceability ............................................. 3
3.19 6.6.1 Common Process Traceability Data Cell .......... 15
Product Build Records ......................................... 3
3.20 Production Lot ..................................................... 3 6.6.2 Unique Process Traceability Data Cell ............. 15
3.21 Raw Materials ...................................................... 3 6.7 Hazardous Substance Cell ................................. 24
3.22 Risk ...................................................................... 3 6.8 Material Test Cell .............................................. 24
3.23 Risk Analysis ....................................................... 3 6.9 Process Maintenance Cell ................................. 25
3.24 Risk Assessment .................................................. 3
APPENDIX A Acronym Index ................................... 26
3.25 Risk Management ................................................ 4
3.26 Serial Number ...................................................... 4 Figures

3.27 Serialization ......................................................... 4 Figure 4-1 Determination of Traceability Level .................. 4

v
IPC-1782 October 2016

Tables
Table 4-1 Typical Risk Assessment Matrix ......................... 5
Table 5-1 Traceability Levels ............................................... 6
Table 5-2 Traceability Levels to IPC Product
Classification System Matrix ............................... 8
Table 5-3 Traceability Level Recommendations for
IPC Product Class 1 ........................................... 8
Table 5-4 Traceability Level Recommendations for
IPC Product Class 2 ........................................... 8
Table 5-5 Traceability Level Recommendations for
IPC Product Class 3 ........................................... 8
Table 5-6 Traceability Level Recommendations
for IPC Product Class 3 (Space/
Defense/Medical) ................................................ 8
Table 6-1 Abbreviated Process Traceability Level
Matrix ................................................................. 10

vi
October 2016 IPC-1782

Standard for Manufacturing and Supply Chain

1 SCOPE
This standard establishes minimum requirements for manufacturing and supply chain traceability based on perceived risk as
agreed between user and supplier (AABUS). This standard applies to all products, processes, assemblies, parts, components,
equipment used and other items as defined by users and suppliers in the manufacture of printed board assemblies, as well
as mechanical assembly.
Minimum requirements are based on four levels of traceability for materials and processes. These levels can correlate to the
IPC Product Classification System (Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3) and/or another set of categories of compliance, based on
the business model/economic needs of the end-use market for the final product (e.g., telecom, aerospace, automotive, medi-
cal device, consumer electronics, etc.) or a subassembly within that product.

1.1 Purpose Historically, the lack of a uniform component traceability standard has caused an unnecessary consumption
of resources (e.g., time, people, money, etc.) to track events or parts to their sources and to remedy any quality, reliability,
etc., issues. Lack of a standard has also made it difficult to uniformly create and appropriately enforce the necessary con-
tracts.
The traceability information detailed in this standard is intended to improve operational efficiency and productivity, quality
and reliability as well as to enable activities such as predictive maintenance in the manufacturing environment. This stan-
dard can help organizations more easily ensure end users/consumers will receive products and services that meet or exceed
their expectations in the timeliest and most economically viable method.
This standard can also aid in reducing counterfeit components in an organization’s supply chain, whether using an autho-
rized supplier or not.

1.2 About This Standard and the Concept of Traceability Traceability has grown from being a specialized need for
safety-critical segments of industry to a recognized tool that adds value to industry as a whole. Disparate standards that have
evolved, mainly dictated by large OEMs, can create confusion in the market, as a multitude of requirements and definitions
proliferate. The intent of this standard is to bring the whole principle of traceability up to date. Traceability, as further
described in this standard, represents the most effective quality tool available, which can become an intrinsic part of best-
practice operations. This is accomplished with the encouragement of automated data collection from systems already inte-
grating quality, manufacturing, engineering and supply chain, thus reducing cost of ownership and ensuring timeliness and
accuracy.
The wealth of analysis data accessible from traceability can yield information that can raise expectations of very significant
quality and performance improvements, as well as provide the necessary protection against the costs in the market as a result
of adverse issues.
This standard creates a flexible data architecture that can be adopted to represent all levels of traceability that are required
across industry. This includes support for the most demanding instances for detail and integrity (e.g., critical-safety systems)
through to situations in which only basic traceability may be needed (e.g., simple consumer products). This standard pres-
ents a cellular-based structure so as to provide required flexibility and to create an efficient format in which unnecessary
duplication of data is avoided. The format also allows data to be added after the completion of production, enabling further
detail to be added as it becomes available.
Throughout the design of this standard, different key usage models of traceability were considered. It is written to explain
how access to critical data, when needed to identify the exact scope of any market issues, can be ensured, while also being
capable of providing ‘‘live’’ access to detailed product-build records for advanced quality analysis.
This standard also demonstrates the benefits of best-practice data collection through automated means. This is reflected in
the definitions of the different levels of traceability.