INDIAN SCHOOL MULADHA

Academic Year : 2024 - 2025

Name : Worksheet: 04
Class & Div : X Chapter: ELECTRICITY
Date: 31/12/24 Subject: PHYSICS Prepared by: Nizymol Reni Jo
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1. You are given a wire of resistance 5Ω. What will be the new resistance
a. If it is stretched to double its length
b. If it is compressed to increase its area by three times the original.
c. If the radius of the wire is made half the original without changing its length
𝜌𝑙
Ans. a. R= = 5Ω
𝐴
𝜌𝑙" 𝜌2𝑙 𝜌𝑙
R’ = = =4 = 4 x R = 4 x 5 = 20 Ω
𝐴" 𝐴/2 𝐴

or
R’ = n2R = 4 x 5 = 20 Ω (n =2 as it is stretched to double)
𝜌𝑙
b. R= = 5Ω
𝐴
𝜌𝑙" 𝜌𝑙/3 1 𝜌𝑙 𝑅 5
R’ = = = = = = 0.56 Ω
𝐴" 3𝐴 9 𝐴 9 9
Or
𝑹 5
R= = = 0.56 Ω (n= 3 as it is compressed three times)
𝒏𝟐 9

c. r’= r/2
2 𝑟
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴′ = 𝜋𝑟 ′ = 𝜋 ( )2 = 𝜋𝑟 2 /4 = A/4
2

R’ = ρl’/A’ = ρl /(A/4) = 4 x ρl /A = 4 x R = 4 x 5 = 20 Ω
2.

In the above circuit, if the current reading in the ammeter A is 2A, what would be the value of R1?
Ans: 5 ohm, 10 ohm and R1 are in parallel
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑝 5 10 𝑅1
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 1 2+1 1 3 1
= + = +
𝑅𝑝 10 𝑅1 10 𝑅1
1 3𝑅1+10
=
𝑅𝑝 10 𝑅1
10 𝑅1
Rp =
3 𝑅1+ 10
Now, 6 ohm, 6 ohm and Rp are in series
10 𝑅1
Thus, Req = 12 + ----------------- (1)
3 𝑅1+ 10
V = I / Req
From the circuit
30
Req = = 15 Ω ---------------(2)
2
Equating (1) and (2)
10 𝑅1
12 + = 15
3 𝑅1+ 10
10 𝑅1
=3
3 𝑅1+ 10
10 R1= (9 R1 + 30)
Thus, R1 = 30 ohm.
3. What is the effective resistance of the given circuit.
a) b)

Ans:

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 a)

b)

4. A bulb of power rating 10V, 50W is connected to a battery of 5V. Find the power dissipated in
the bulb.
Ans: Resistance of the bulb, R = V2/P = 102/50 = 2 Ω
𝑉
Current drawn by the bulb, I = = 5/2 = 2.5 A
𝑅
Power dissipated by the bulb, P = I2R = (2.5)2 x 2 = 12.5W ( P = V2/R or VI equqtions also can
be used. (Power dissipated is less than the power rating of the device)

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 5. How much current will an electric bulb draw from 220V source if the resistance of the bulb is
1200 Ω? If in place of bulb, a heater of resistance 100 Ω is connected to the sources, calculate
the current drawn by it.
Ans: Given, V = 220V
Resistance of the bulb, R1 = 1200 Ω,
I1 = ?
Resistance of the heater, R2 = 100 Ω
I2 = ?
𝑉
Using Ohm’s law, I1 = = 220/1200 = 0.18A
𝑅1
𝑉
I2 = = 220/100 = 2.2A
𝑅2
6. What will be the amount of heat (H) produced in a resistor (R) carrying a current (I) and having
a potential difference (V) across it in time (t)?
Ans: H = V2t/R
7. Two lamps rated 100W, 220V and 10W, 220V are connected in parallel to 220V supply.
Calculate the total current through the circuit.
Ans: Total Power P = 100 + 10 = 110W
Voltage, V = 220V
𝑃 110
Total Current, I = = = 0.5A
𝑉 220
8. Out of 60W and 40W lamps, which one has a higher electrical resistance. Why?
Ans: 40 W Lamp has higher electrical resistance. ( P = V2/R)
For the same applied Voltage, P α 1/R ie, less the power of an electrical device, higher is the
electrical resistance.
9. Two lamps, one rated 60W at 220V and the other 40W at 220V are connected in parallel to the
electric supply at 220V.
(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show the connection.
(b) Calculate the current drawn from the electric supply.
(c) Calculate the total energy consumed by the two lamps together when they operate for one
hour.

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 Ans: (a)

𝑃 100
(b) Total power, P = 100W, I = = = 0.45A
𝑉 220
(c) E = P x t = 100W x 1h = 100Wh = 0.1 kWh
10. What is the commercial unit of electrical energy? Convert it into joules.
Ans: Commercial unit of Electrical energy is kilowatt hour.(kWh)
1kWh = 1 kW x 1 h
= 1000W x 60 x 60 sec
= 3.6 x 106J
11. An electric bulb of resistance 200 Ω draws a current of 1Ampere. Calculate the power of the
bulb, the potential difference at its ends and the energy in kWh consumed in burning it for 5h.
Ans: Power of the Bulb, P = I2R = 12 x 200 = 200W
V = IR = 1 x 200 = 200V
Energy, E = P x t = 200 x 5 = 1000Wh = 1kWh
12. It would cost a man Rs. 3.50 to buy 1.0 kW h of electrical energy from the Main Electricity
Board. His generator has a maximum power of 2.0 kW. The generator produces energy at this
maximum power for 3 hours. Calculate how much it would cost to buy the same amount of
energy from the Main Electricity Board.
Ans: a. E = P x t = 3 x 2 = 6 kWh
Cost of buying electricity from the main electricity board = 6 x 3.50 = Rs. 21.0
13. A student boils water in an electric kettle for 20 minutes. Using the same mains supply he wants
to reduce the boiling time of water. To do so should he increase or decrease the length of the
heating element? Justify your answer.
Ans: To reduce the boiling time using the same mains supply, the rate of heat production should be

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 large. We know that P = V2/R. Since V is constant, R should be decreased.( or H = V2t/R) Since
R is directly proportional to l so length should be decreased.
14. 200J of work is done in transferring 10C of charge between two points in a conductor. Find the
resistance offered by the conductor, if a current of 2A flows through it.
Ans: W= 200J, Q= 10C, I=2A, R=?
𝑊
V=
𝑄

V=IR
𝑊
IR =
𝑄
𝑊
R= = 200/(10 x 2) =10Ω
𝑄𝐼

15. A 9Ω resistance is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel. Find the equivalent
resistance of the combination.
Ans: Resistance of each part = 3 Ω
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑝 3 3 3
𝑅
Rp = 1 Ω (Rp=
𝑛
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦)

16. An electric iron has a rating of 1200W, 220V. Calculate the

(a) current flowing through it, and (Ans: I = 5.4 A)
(b) its resistance when in use (Ans: R = 40.3 Ω)
17. A motor in a radio control car uses 7.2V and draws 14.4A of electricity. What is the resistance
of the motor.
Ans: Voltage, V = 7.2V Current, I = 14.4A
𝑉 7.2 1
Resistance, R = (ohm’s law) = = = 0.5 Ω
𝐼 14.4 2
18. A cylindrical conductor of length ‘l’ and uniform area of cross-section ‘A’ has a resistance ‘R’.
What will be the area of cross-section of another conductor of length 2.5l and resistance 0.5 R of
the same material?
Ans: Case 1
Resistance – R, Length of conductor – l, Resistivity 𝜌
𝜌𝑙
Area of cross-section, A = ……(1)
𝑅

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 Case 2
New Resistance, R’ – 0.5R New length, l’ - 2.5l Resistivity is same 𝜌
𝜌 2.5 𝑙 2.5 𝜌𝑙 𝜌𝑙
New area of cross-section, A’ = = =5
0.5 𝑅 0.5 𝑅 𝑅
A’ = 5A , Hence the new area of cross section is five times the old one.
19. Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of a battery if 250J of work is
required to transfer 50 C of charge from one terminal of the battery to the other.
𝑊 250
Ans: V = = = 5V
𝑄 50

20. A light bulb is labelled to use 1.77A. Its resistance is 1.60Ω. What voltage is the light bulb rated
for?
Ans: Current, I = 1.77A Resistance, R = 1.60Ω
Voltage, V = I R = 1.77 x 1.6 = 2.832V
21. Find the area of cross-section of a wire if its length is 2m, resistance is 46Ω and resistivity is
1.84 x 10-8 Ωm.
Ans: Given, Length, l = 2m, Resistance, R = 46 Ω
Resistivity, 𝜌 = 1.84 x 10-8 Ωm.
𝜌𝑙 1.84 x 10−8 x 2
𝐴= = = 0.08 x 10-8𝑚2 = 8 x 10-10𝑚2
𝑅 46
22. A wire is stretched to n times its length. Find the new resistance?
Ans: Resistance, R = 𝜌l/A……(a)
New length, l’ = nl…..(1)
As volume is constant,
A x l = A’x l’
A x l = A’ x nl
Hence, A’ = A/n……(2)
New Resistance, R’ = 𝜌l’/A’…….(on subs from eqn 1 and 2)
= 𝜌𝑛𝑙/ (𝐴/𝑛) = 𝑛2 𝜌l/A
R’ = 𝑛2R
23. A uniform wire of resistance R is uniformly compressed along its length until its radius becomes
n times the original radius. Find new resistance.
Ans: Resistance, R = 𝜌l/A = 𝜌l/п𝑟2 (since A = п𝑟2)
New radius, r’ = n x r
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 Hence, A’ = п(𝑟′)2 = п(𝑛𝑟)2 = 𝑛2A………(1)
As Volume is constant, A x l = A’ x l’
Al = 𝑛2A x l’
Hence, l’= 𝑙/𝑛2…………………….(2)
New Resistance, R’ = 𝜌l′/𝐴′ = 𝜌l/(𝑛2 x 𝑛2𝐴)…..(on substituting from 1 and 2)
Thus, R’= R/𝑛4
24. The values of current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential
difference V across the resistor are as given below:
I(ampere) 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
V(volts) 1.6 3.4 6.7 10.2 13.2
Plot a graph between V and I and also calculate the resistance of the resistor
Ans: Plot a graph

25. What is the resistance of a fuse if it is to burn apart when 2A pass through it at 240V?
Ans: Current, I = 2A
Voltage, V = 240V
R = V/I = 240/2 = 120 Ω
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 26. A flash of lightning carries 10 C of charge which flows for 0.01s. What is the current? If the
voltage is 10 MV, what is the energy?
Ans: Current, I = Q/t = 10/0.1 = 1000A
Energy (E or W) = V x Q = 10 MV x 10 = 10 x 106 x 10 = 108 J
27. Write the S.I units for the following physical quantities
a. charge b. resistance c. current d. voltage e. resistivity
Ans: a. Charge– Coulomb(C) b. resistance – Ohm (Ω) c. Current – Ampere (A)
d. Voltage – Volt (V) e. Resistivity – Ohm metre (Ωm)
28. Name the two fundamental particles which carry equal and opposite charges? What amount of
charge they carry?
Ans: Electron and proton
Charge on electron = - 1.6 x 10-19 C Charge on proton = + 1.6 x 10-19C
29. Two wires of equal lengths, one of copper and the other of magnanin have the same thickness.
Which one can be used for (i) electrical transmission lines, and (ii) electrical heating devices?
Why?
Ans: (i) Copper wires are used for electrical transmission due to its least resistivity.
(ii) Magnanin is used as elements (coils) in heating devices as being an alloy, its resistivity is
higher as compared to metals, less oxidation at high temperature.
30. Two wires A and B are of equal length and have equal resistance. If the resistivity of A is more
than that of B, which wire is thicker and why?
Ans: Resistance, R = 𝜌𝑙/𝐴
𝜌 /𝐴 = 𝑅/𝑙 = k = constant (for same l and R)
So, 𝜌 = 𝑘𝐴 Or, α 𝐴, Hence wire A is thicker than wire B.
31. Which is better way to connect lights and other electrical appliances in domestic wiring : series
circuits or parallel circuits? Why?
Ans: Parallel,
*Each device gets the same voltage as that of the battery which is not possible in series
connection.
* If one appliance stops working, other devices will continue to work properly.
* Each device can be operated independently
* Overall resistance is low.
* Each device will get the current as per the requirement.
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 32. A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and
this process is repeated once again. By what
factor does the resistance of the wire
change?
Ans:

New resistance is 1/16th of original resistance.

33. An electric bulb is rated at 60W, 240V. Calculate its resistance. If the voltage drops to 192V,
calculate the power consumed and the current drawn by the bulb. (Assume that the resistance of
the bulb remains unchanged).
Ans:

34. A current of 10 A flows through a conductor for two minutes.

(i) Calculate the amount of charge passed through any area of cross section of the conductor.
(ii) If the charge of an electron is 1.6 × 10-19 C, then calculate the total number of electrons
flowing.
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 Ans: Given that: I = 10 A, t = 2 min = 2 × 60 s = 120 s
(i) Amount of charge Q passed through any area of cross-section is given by I = Q/t
or Q = I × t = 10 × 120 = 1200 C
(ii) Since, Q = ne
where n is the total number of electrons flowing and e is the charge on one electron
∴ 1200 = n × 1.6 × 10-19
or n = 1200 / 1.6×10−19 = 7.5 × 1021 electrons
35. A wire of resistance 10Ω is bent to form a complete circle. Find its resistance between two
diametrically opposite point.
Ans:

The arrangement is equivalent to two 5ohm resistors connected in parallel.

1/Rp = 1/5 + 1/5 = 2/5

Rp = 2.5 ohm.
36. Three 60 W incandescent bulbs are connected in parallel.
a. Calculate the total power consumed.
b. Now suppose that one of the bulbs is fused. What will be the total power consumed now?
Ans: a. Total power consumed = 60 x 3 = 180 W. Since wattage in parallel combination becomes
three times the wattage of a single bulb.
b. Total power = 60 x 2 = 120 W.
37. B1, B2, and B3 are three identical bulbs connected as
shown in the figure below. When all three bulbs glow,
a current of 3A is recorded by the ammeter A.
i. What happens to the glow of the other two
bulbs when bulb B1 gets fused?
ii. What happens to the reading of A1, A2, A3 and
A when the bulb B2 gets fused?
iii. How much power is dissipated in the circuit when all three bulbs glow together?
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 Ans: i. The glow of bulbs B2 and B3 will remain the same.
ii. A1 shows 1 ampere, A2 shows zero, A3 shows 1 ampere, and A shows 2 amperes.

iii. P = VI = 4.5 x 3 = 13.5 W

38. Find the current flowing through the following electric circuit:

Ans: 0.45 A
39. A 2000 W heater has a resistance of about 25Ω, whereas a 100 W bulb has a resistance of 500
Ω. When 220 V is applied on these, then which of the two
(a) can carry large currents?
(b) may be used with an electrical circuit having 1-0 A rating?
(c) will be fitted with a 15 A electric board and not with a 5 A electric board?
Justify your answer in each case.
Ans: (a) Heater, because of its low resistance. I = V/R
(b) Current through bulb = 220 / 500 = 0.44 A
Current through heater = 220 / 25 = 8.8 A
So bulb to be used with an electrical circuit having 1-0 A rating
(c) Heater, as the current through it is 8.8A.
40. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of four 1.5 V cells, a 5Ω resistor, a
10Ω resistor and a 15Ω resistor and a plug key, all connected in series. Now find (i) the electric
current passing through the circuit, and (ii) potential difference across the 10Ω resistor when the
plug key is closed.
Ans: Draw the diagram with current number of cells and resistors connected in series
(i) V = 4 x 1.5 = 6V
Rs = 30 Ω
I = V/Rs = 6 / 30 = 0.2 A
(ii) Potential Difference across 10Ω resistor = 0.2 x 10 = 2V (V = IR)
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