SOLUTION OF PRE-BOARD III (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 802)

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (Employability Skills):

i. a) Declarative sentences
ii. d) Physiological motivation is made up of emotional, behavioral, and mental set of
characteristics.
iii. a) Internal motivation
iv. c) Sorting
v. c) Concern for Employees' Welfare
vi. a) Social Entrepreneurs

i. 64 bit (Size of double datatype in Java is 64 bits)

ii. main() (is a special method that every Java application must have)
iii. b. select salary * 0.5 as allowance from teacher;
iv. a. Application programmers (They code in high-level languages)
v. Bytecode is an intermediate code generated by the Java compiler, which is executed by the JVM (Java Virtual
Machine).
vi. Web application (An application accessed via a web browser over a network)
vii. Webinars (Real-time lectures where users participate and ask questions)

Q.3 (Technical Skills - Web Applications and IT-related Questions):

i.
 Front-end application: HTML/CSS
 Back-end application: MySQL
ii. do-while loop (A do-while loop runs at least once because the condition is checked after the loop's
execution.)
iii.
 Degree: 4 (There are 4 columns - MID, NAME, BRAND, and CAPACITY)
 Cardinality: 6 (There are 6 rows of data in the table)
iv. DISTINCT clause (Used to remove duplicate values in SQL queries)
v. b. Department of Electronics and Information Technology
vi. c) Purchase of movie tickets (This is not an ICT-enabled service set up by the Indian Government)
vii. Referential Integrity Constraint (Ensures that data entered in one relation is consistent with the
data entered in another relation)

Q.4 (General IT-related Questions):

i. a) B, D, C, A (The correct sequence for booking flight tickets is: 1) Open the website, 2) Browse and
search for information, 3) Choose the dates of travel, 4) Make the payment.)

ii. 6.5 (The value at index 3 of the array Qty is 6.5.)

iii. b) Once the goods are purchased they cannot be returned or exchanged (This is not true for online
shopping, as most online shopping platforms offer returns or exchanges.)

iv. SELECT * FROM product WHERE price BETWEEN 10 AND 20;

v. Java is case-sensitive means that Java distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters. For
example, variable and Variable would be treated as two different identifiers. This is in contrast to
some languages that are case-insensitive.

vi. false (The statement 4*4*4 == 8*8 is false because 64 (444) is not equal to 64 (88).)*
Q.5 (General IT and Java Questions):
i. False
(Fixing all the application bugs and fixing them is part of the Debugging Phase, not the Testing Phase.)
ii. DROP TABLE SCHOOL.PERSONAL;
(This command will remove the table named PERSONAL permanently from the SCHOOL database.)
iii. c) IDE
(An IDE, or Integrated Development Environment, is used to compile, debug, and execute Java
programs.)
iv.
 Statement #1 (char Alpha = 'A';): This statement declares a variable Alpha of type char and
assigns it the character value 'A'.
 Statement #2 (String Name = "Manish";): This statement declares a variable Name of type
String and assigns it the string value "Manish".
v. b) Constructor
(A constructor is a special method used to initialize the data members of a class when an object of the
class is created.)
vi. An exception in Java is an event that disrupts the normal flow of the program's execution. It
represents an error or an unexpected situation, such as dividing by zero or trying to access an invalid array
index. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks to ensure the program can recover
gracefully from errors.

Q.6 (General IT and Database Questions):

i. c) int Num == 10;
(This is an invalid declaration because == is a comparison operator, not an assignment operator. The
correct syntax should be int Num = 10;.)

ii. Benefit of online reservation:

 Convenience: Online reservations allow users to book services such as flights, hotels, or tickets
from anywhere, at any time, without needing to visit a physical location.
iii. The constraint that should be used to ensure the ADMNO field is not left blank is:
 NOT NULL constraint.
(This constraint ensures that the field cannot contain NULL values, making it mandatory.)
iv. c) Not null
(The NOT NULL constraint will ensure that the "Total Sales" field in the SALESMAN table cannot remain
unfilled.)
v. How e-governance benefits its citizens:
 E-governance benefits citizens by providing better access to government services, improving
transparency, reducing corruption, and ensuring faster delivery of public services such as tax
filing, birth certificates, and more, all online.

Q.7 to Q.11:
Q.7 Importance of Self-Motivation
1. Increases Productivity: Self-motivation helps individuals stay focused on their tasks and work
more efficiently, leading to increased productivity.
2. Helps Achieve Goals: Self-motivation provides the drive and persistence to achieve personal and
professional goals, even when challenges arise.
Q.8 What is Active Listening? List Any Two Factors that Affect Active Listening
 Active Listening is the process of fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and
remembering what is being said. It involves not just hearing but engaging with the message.
 Factors that affect active listening:
1. Environmental Distractions: Noisy surroundings or other distractions can hinder the
ability to listen attentively.
2. Emotional Barriers: Personal biases, emotions, or preconceived notions may interfere
with listening actively and understanding the message.
Q.9 Do You Think There Are Toxins in Our Environment? What Is Your View of Toxins in Our
Homes?
Yes, toxins are present in our environment in various forms, such as air pollution, chemicals in food, and
industrial waste.
 Toxins in our homes can come from cleaning products, pesticides, and even household items like
paints and furniture. Exposure to these toxins can harm health, especially over time, so it's
essential to minimize their use and ensure proper ventilation.
Q.10 What is Sorting in a Spreadsheet? Can Data Be Sorted on More Than One Column?
 Sorting in a Spreadsheet refers to arranging data in a specific order (either ascending or
descending), such as sorting a list of names alphabetically or numbers by size.
 Yes, data can be sorted on more than one column. For example, you can first sort by name
alphabetically and then by date or price within each name group.
Q.11 Two Methods to Deal with Stress
1. Exercise: Physical activity helps reduce stress by releasing endorphins, which improve mood and
reduce anxiety.
2. Relaxation Techniques: Practicing deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help calm the mind
and alleviate stress.

Q.12 to Q.15:
Q.12 Output of the Code Segment:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 6:
System.out.println("Today is Saturday");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println("Today is Sunday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Looking forward to the Weekend");
}
}
}
Output:
Looking forward to the Weekend
 Since day is 4, which does not match either case 6 or case 7, it goes to the default case and
prints "Looking forward to the Weekend".

Q.13 Details of the Patient Table and its Schema:

A hospital's Patient table can be designed as follows:
Schema:
 patient_id (Primary Key) - Integer or String (Unique identifier for each patient)
 patient_name - String (Name of the patient)
 age - Integer (Age of the patient)
 gender - String (Gender of the patient)
 contact_number - String (Patient's contact number)
 doctor_code - Integer (Reference to the doctor assigned to the patient)
 admission_date - Date (Date the patient was admitted)
Patient Table:
patient_id patient_name age gender contact_number doctor_code admission_date
P001 John Doe 45 Male 1234567890 D001 2025-01-01
P002 Jane Smith 30 Female 0987654321 D002 2025-01-05

Q.14 Two Usages of a Database Management System (DBMS) in Education:

 1. Student Information Management: A DBMS can store and manage student records, including
their personal information, academic performance, and attendance. It allows easy retrieval of
information for academic purposes and administrative functions.
2. Course Management: A DBMS can be used to manage course data, such as course schedules,
faculty assignments, student enrollments, and grades. It helps streamline course planning and
tracking.

Q.15 Corrected Code with Syntax Errors Fixed:

Original code:
int number= = 1;
while (number <= 5);
{
System.out.print("Square of " + number);
System.out.println(" = " , number*number);
Number+=1;
}
Corrected code:
int number = 1; // Corrected the syntax error with extra '='
while (number <= 5) { // Removed the unnecessary semicolon after while loop condition
System.out.print("Square of " + number);
System.out.println(" = " + number * number); // Corrected the syntax error for
println method (used "+" for concatenation)
number += 1; // Corrected variable name from 'Number' to 'number'
}
Corrections:
1. int number= = 1; → int number = 1; (Removed extra =)
2. while (number <= 5); → while (number <= 5) (Removed unnecessary semicolon)
3. System.out.println(" = " , number*number); → System.out.println(" = " + number
* number); (Used + for concatenation)
4. Number += 1; → number += 1; (Variable names are case-sensitive, so Number should be
number)

Q.16 Answers:
a) To modify the Value column to store real numbers with a precision of up to 4 decimal places, Rajni
needs to alter the column type in the STOCKDATA table. The appropriate SQL statement would be:
ALTER TABLE STOCKDATA
MODIFY Value DECIMAL(10, 4);
This command changes the Value column to have a decimal type with a total of 10 digits, where 4 digits
are reserved for the fractional part (precision of 4 decimal places).

b) To increase all the values in the Value column by 25%, Rajni can use the UPDATE statement as follows:
UPDATE STOCKDATA
SET Value = Value * 1.25;
This statement will multiply the current value in the Value column by 1.25, effectively increasing each
value by 25%.

17-Corrected and completed code in Java to print "Yes" 5 times using a loop:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // Loop runs 5 times
System.out.println("Yes"); // Prints "Yes" each time
}
}
}

Explanation:

 The loop starts with i = 0, and it runs as long as i < 5.

  In each iteration, it prints "Yes".
 After printing, the value of i is incremented (i++), and the loop continues until i reaches 5.

Q.18
a) Referential Integrity
Referential Integrity is a property of a relational database that ensures that relationships between tables
remain consistent. Specifically, it ensures that foreign keys in a table correspond to primary keys in
another table. In simple terms, it ensures that a record in a child table can only reference an existing
record in a parent table. For example, a Student table might have a Department_ID column that refers to
the Department table. Referential integrity ensures that every value in Department_ID corresponds to an
existing department.

b) SQL Statements:
i) To display the number of teachers and the corresponding department name in each department:
SELECT DEPT, COUNT(TID) AS Number_of_Teachers
FROM TEACHER
GROUP BY DEPT;
 This query groups the records by DEPT and counts
the number of teachers (represented by TID) in
each department.
ii) To display the minimum PAY of teachers whose Date of Appointment is after 2010:
SELECT MIN(PAY) AS Minimum_PAY
FROM TEACHER
WHERE DOA > '2010-01-01';
 This query finds the minimum PAY of teachers whose Date of Appointment (DOA) is after
January 1st, 2010.

Q.19 Difference Between DROP and DELETE Commands in SQL:

Command DROP DELETE
Removes the entire table or database structure
Removes data from a table, but keeps
Purpose from the database, including all data, and cannot
the structure (table) intact.
be undone.
Entire table or database is deleted, including Only the rows (data) in a table are
Impact
structure and data. deleted, but the table structure remains.
Transaction Typically not logged, meaning changes cannot Logged, so it can be rolled back in
Log be rolled back if done mistakenly. case of a mistake.
Usage DELETE FROM Students WHERE Age
DROP TABLE Students;
Example > 18;
Slower than DROP because it only
Faster as it removes the table and structure from
Performance removes rows and requires transaction
the database.
logging.
Example:
 DROP TABLE Employees;
This command will completely remove the Employees table (structure + data) from the database.
 DELETE FROM Employees WHERE Age > 50;
This command will delete all records of employees who are older than 50, but the Employees
table will still exist.

Q.20
a) Output for the Code:
String myString = "Welcome to Java";
System.out.println(myString.concat(" Session"));
System.out.println(myString.length());
System.out.println(myString.replace("to", "2"));
Output:
Welcome to Java Session
18
Welcome 2 Java
  concat(" Session"): Concatenates the string " Session" to the original string, so the output is
"Welcome to Java Session".
 length(): Returns the length of the string, which is 18 characters.
 replace("to", "2"): Replaces the word "to" with the number "2", so the string becomes
"Welcome 2 Java".

b) OOP (Object-Oriented Programming):

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which are instances of classes. It focuses on organizing software design around data (objects)
and methods (functions) that operate on that data.

Q.21
a) Two Educational Websites Providing Free Online Courses:
1. Coursera - Offers free online courses in collaboration with various universities like Stanford,
University of Michigan, etc.
2. edX - Provides online courses for free from universities like Harvard, MIT, etc.

b) What is a Project?
A project is a temporary and organized effort undertaken to achieve a specific goal or objective. It
typically has a defined start and end, specific resources, and a set of deliverables. Projects can involve
various activities, such as research, development, or construction, and are often used in fields such as
business, technology, and education.

c) Phases in a Web Application Project:

The process of developing web-based applications is broadly categorized into four phases:
1. Planning: Involves gathering requirements, understanding client needs, and defining the scope of
the project.
2. Design: The system architecture, database schema, and user interface designs are created.
3. Development: Actual coding of the application happens in this phase. This includes frontend and
backend development.
4. Deployment: The web application is deployed to a server or hosting platform, and it goes live for
users.

Q.23 a) What are Arrays? Give an Example:

An array is a data structure that stores a fixed-size collection of elements, all of which are of the same
type. It allows you to store multiple values in a single variable, and each element in the array can be
accessed using an index.

Example:

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // An array of integers containing values 1 to 5.

b) Java Code to:

i) Create an array Marks that stores values 78, 65, 85, 91, and 82:

int[] Marks = {78, 65, 85, 91, 82}; // Array of Marks

ii) To print all the values of the array Marks using a loop:

for (int i = 0; i < Marks.length; i++) {

System.out.println(Marks[i]); // Print each value in the Marks array
}
iii) Display the average stored in the array Marks:

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Marks.length; i++) {
sum += Marks[i]; // Sum up all the values
}
double average = sum / (double) Marks.length; // Calculate the average
System.out.println("The average is: " + average); // Print the average

Complete Code Example:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] Marks = {78, 65, 85, 91, 82}; // Array with given values

// Printing all the values of the array

for (int i = 0; i < Marks.length; i++) {
System.out.println(Marks[i]);
}

// Calculating the average of the marks

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Marks.length; i++) {
sum += Marks[i]; // Adding up all values
}

double average = sum / (double) Marks.length; // Calculating average

System.out.println("The average is: " + average); // Displaying the average
}
}

Q.24 Detailed Steps/Procedure for Online Shopping:

Here is the typical process Aman would follow to shop for shoes online:

1. Choose an Online Store:

o Aman should choose a reliable and trustworthy online shopping website or app (e.g.,
Amazon, Flipkart, or a dedicated shoe brand's site).
2. Create/Log in to an Account:
o If Aman is a new user, he should create an account by providing personal information,
including email, contact number, and delivery address.
o If Aman is an existing user, he should log in with his username and password.
3. Search for Shoes:
o Aman can use the search bar to look for shoes by specifying the type, brand, size, or price
range. He can also browse through categories such as "Men's Shoes," "Running Shoes," or
"Formal Shoes."
4. Filter and Sort:
o To narrow down the choices, Aman can filter shoes by size, color, material, brand, or price
range. Sorting options like "Low to High" or "Best Seller" might also be available to help
him find the best options.
5. Select the Desired Shoe:
o After browsing, Aman should click on the shoe he wants to purchase. On the product page,
he should check the available sizes, color options, and product details like material, brand,
customer reviews, etc.
6. Add to Cart:
o After deciding on the shoe, Aman should click on the "Add to Cart" button. This will add
the shoe to his shopping cart, where he can review his order.
7. Proceed to Checkout:
o Once Aman has all the items he wants to buy in his cart, he should click on "Proceed to
Checkout."
 o He will be asked to review the order and confirm the shipping address.
8. Select Payment Method:
o Aman should choose a payment method, which may include options like:
 Credit/Debit card
 Net banking
 UPI (Unified Payments Interface)
 Cash on delivery (COD)
 Wallet payments (e.g., Paytm, Google Pay)
9. Confirm Order:
o After entering the payment details, Aman should confirm the order and make the payment.
o If payment is successful, he will receive a confirmation page, and a receipt will be sent to
his email or phone.
10. Track the Order:
o After the purchase, Aman can track his order status using the website's order tracking
feature. He will be informed about shipping and delivery updates.
11. Receive Delivery:
o The shoes will be delivered to the address Aman provided, within the estimated delivery
time. If he chose COD, payment will be collected at the time of delivery.
12. Returns and Exchanges:
o If the shoes do not fit or meet expectations, Aman can check the return or exchange policy
and request a return or exchange if applicable.