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ClassVII Lang of Chem - Chemical Equations 1

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11 views49 pages

ClassVII Lang of Chem - Chemical Equations 1

Uploaded by

aphyaffi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

➢ Chemical equations
Chemical equations

❖ symbolic representation of a chemical reaction


(using formula and symbols)
Chemical equations

Eg: Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction


between carbon dioxide and water to form
glucose and oxygen
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C 6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen


Chemical equations - components
Chemical equations - components

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2


Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen
Chemical equations – points to remember
➢ molecular form of each compound as well as
element should be used
➢ Sodium chloride – a molecule – NaCl
➢ Water – a molecule – H2O
➢ Hydrogen – element - H2
➢ Oxygen – element - O2
➢ Magnesium – element - Mg
Chemical equations – points to remember
Chemical equations – word equation

➢Definition : chemical equation written using


chemical names
➢Eg: Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen


Chemical equations – Your turn…

➢ Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium


oxide
Chemical equations – Your turn…
➢ Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide
and hydrogen gas
Chemical equations – Your turn…
➢ Zinc reacts with copper sulphate to give copper
and zinc sulphate.
Chemical equations – symbolic equation

➢ Definition: chemical
equation written using
symbols and chemical
formula
➢ Eg: Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2


Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen
Chemical equations – skeletal equation

➢ In a skeletal equation, the total number of


each kind of atoms in the reactants and the
product side will not be equal.

➢ These equations are also known as


unbalanced equation.
Chemical equations – unbalanced equation

CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

No. of atoms in the No. of atoms in the


reactant side product side
C=1 C=6
H=2 H = 12
O=3 O=8
Chemical equations – balanced equation

➢In a balanced chemical equation, the total


number of each kind of atoms in the reactant
and the product side will be equal.
➢ By changing the coefficients, a chemical
equation should always be balanced.
Chemical equations – balanced equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

No. of atoms in the No. of atoms in the


reactant side product side
C=6 C=6
H = 12 H = 12
O = 18 O = 18
Why should the chemical equation
be balanced?
➢ to obey the law of conservation of mass

➢Law of conservation of mass : matter can


neither be created nor be destroyed, only it can
be transformed from one form to another
➢ Reason: chemical reaction is just the
rearrangement of atoms
N

→
H H
N N H H
+ H
Law of conservation of mass - explanation

➢ In a chemical reaction,
Total mass of reactants = Total mass of products
i.e ., the mass is conserved
Balancing of chemical equations
How to balance a chemical equation?

➢Step 1 : Count the number of atoms of each


element on reactant and product side (if they are
equal,then step 2 is not necessary)

➢Step 2 : Start balancing with the compound that


contains the maximum number of atoms
(by changing the coefficients)
While balancing the chemical equation…

➢ coefficient - an integer that is placed in front of


the chemical formula
➢ never change a subscript to help make atoms
balance !
Balancing chemical equation - examples

H2 + Cl 2 → HCl

Step 1: Count the no. of atoms in reactants and


products
Reactants No. of atoms Products No. of atoms
H2 H=2 HCl H=1
Cl2 Cl = 2 Cl = 1
cont…

Step 2: Balance the number of chlorine atoms by


multiplying the coefficient of 2 in front of HCl and
count the number of atoms again.
H2 + Cl 2 → 2HCl
Reactants No. of atoms Products No. of atoms
H2 H=2 2 HCl H=2
Cl2 Cl = 2 Cl = 2
Balancing chemical equation - examples
Give a balanced equation.

Nitrogen + Hydrogen → Ammonia

Solution :

▪ convert it into symbolic equation


N2 + H2 → NH3

→
H H
N N H H
+ H
cont…

▪ Step 1 : Count the no. of atoms of each element


on reactants and product side.

N 2 + H2 → NH3
N

→
H H
N N H H
+ H

Nitrogen = 2 Nitrogen = 1
Hydrogen = 2 Hydrogen = 3

The number of both nitrogen and


hydrogen atoms are not balanced !
cont…
▪Step 2: To balance the number of nitrogen atoms ,
the coefficient 2 is added in front of ammonia.
Count the number of atoms again.
N 2 + H2 → 2 NH3
N N

→
H H H H
N N H H
+ H H

Nitrogen = 2 Nitrogen = 2 (1+1)


Hydrogen = 2 Hydrogen = 6 (3+3)

The number of nitrogen atoms are


balanced but the number of hydrogen
atoms are not balanced still !
cont…
▪ Step 3 : To balance the number of hydrogen
atom, coefficient 3 is added in front of hydrogen .
Count the number of atoms again.
N 2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
H H
N N

→
H H H H H H
N N
+
H H
H H

Nitrogen = 2 Nitrogen = 2 (1+1)

Hydrogen = 6 (2+2+2) Hydrogen = 6 (3+3)

The given equation is balanced!

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