ZIV DISTANCE PROTECTIO

LINE PARAMETER VALUES (PRIMARY) TO BE ENTERED BY THE CUSTOMER

Rated Voltage
Power factor
LINE LENGTH
Protected Line Length in KM
Adjacent shortest Line Length in KM
Adjacent longest Line Length in KM

SYSTEM IMPEDENCE

Positive sequence impedance per km

Protected Line Impedance

Adj Shortest Line Impedance
Adj Longest Line Impedance

Zero sequence impedance per km

Protected Line Impedance

Adj Shortest Line Impedance
Adj Longest Line Impedance

ZONE SETTING

ZONE-1

% of Protected Line
Zone-1 distance

ZONE-2

% of Protected Line
% of Adjacent shortest Line
Enter the option
Zone-2 distance

ZONE-3
% of Protected Line
% of Adjacent Longest Line
Enter the option
Zone-3 distance

ZONE-4

% of Protected Line
Zone-4 distance

TIME SETTING

Zone-1
Zone-2
Zone-3
Zone-4

CT & PT RATIO

CTR
PTR
CTR/PTR

ALL PARAMETERS ENTERED IN PRIMARY

Enter 3PH fault MVA at source end 711 MVA Enter Source end voltage
Enter 3PH fault MVA at remote end 711 MVA Enter Remote end voltage

Line Impedance
Pos. Seq. Magnitude 2.575013545347
Pos. Seq. Angle 67.38432502449
Pos. Seq. Angle 2 67.38432502449
Pos. Seq. Angle 3 67.38432502449
Pos. Seq. Angle 4 67.38432502449
Pos. Seq. Angle 5 67.38432502449
Pos. Seq. Angle 6 67.38432502449
Zero Seq. Angle 76.59701079791
Z1 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Zero Seq. Angle 2 76.59701079791
Z2 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Zero Seq. Angle 3 76.59701079791
Z3 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Zero Seq. Angle 4 76.59701079791
Z4 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Zero Seq. Angle 5 76.59701079791
Z5 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Zero Seq. Angle 6 76.59701079791
Z6 k0 Factor 3.186706044046
Equivalent Parallel Impedance
Pos. Seq. Magnitude 2.575013545347
Pos. Seq. Angle 67.38432502449
Zero Seq. Magnitude 8.205811228457
Zero Seq. Angle 76.59701079791
Local Source Impedance
Pos. Seq. Magnitude 6.807313642757
Pos. Seq. Angle 67.38432502449
Zero Seq. Magnitude 21.75617440225
Zero Seq. Angle 76.59701079791
Remote Source Impedance
Pos. Seq. Magnitude 6.807313642757
Pos. Seq. Angle 67.38432502449
Zero Seq. Magnitude 21.75617440225
Zero Seq. Angle 76.59701079791
Parallel Line Impedance
Mutual Coupl. Factor na
Mutual Coupl. Angle na
Factor I0/I0PAR na
NCE PROTECTION (21) RELAY SETTINGS

E CUSTOMER

110 kV
0.8

= 15.3 KM
= 21.8 KM
= 21.8 KM

R jX
= 0.1618 0.3884
= 0.1618 0.3884
= 0.1618 0.3884

R jX
= 0.3108 1.3043
= 0.3108 1.3043
= 0.3108 1.3043

= 80% 0.8
= 12.24

Note for Enter the option

100% 1 Note: 1. Consider only PL for eg 120% of PL
= 50% 0.5 2.Consider PL and Adj SL for eg 100% of PL + 50% of Adj SL
= 2 1.5
= 26.2
 = 100% 1 Note for Enter the option
= 100% 1 Note: 1. Consider only PL for eg 200% of PL
= 2 2 2.Consider PL and Adj SL for eg 100% of PL + 100% of Adj LL
= 37.1

= 20% 0.2
= 3.06

= 0 Second
= 0.25 Second
= 1 Second
= 0.5 Second

PRIMARY SECONDARY RATIO

= 400 1 400
= 110000 110 1000
0.4

Enter Source end voltage 110 kV

Enter Remote end voltage 110 kV
% of Adj SL
% of Adj LL
 ZIV DISTANCE PROTECTION (21) RELAY S
| System Impedances

| | Line Impedance
| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Module 2.5750135453469 Ohm
| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Angle 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Pos. Seq. Angle 2 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Pos. Seq. Angle 3 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Pos. Seq. Angle 4 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Pos. Seq. Angle 5 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Pos. Seq. Angle 6 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Angle 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z1 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592
| | |--Zero Seq. Angle 2 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z2 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592
| | |--Zero Seq. Angle 3 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z3 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592
| | |--Zero Seq. Angle 4 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z4 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592
| | |--Zero Seq. Angle 5 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z5 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592
| | |--Zero Seq. Angle 6 76.5970107979145 º
| | |--Z6 k0 Factor 3.18670604404592

| | Equivalent Parallel Impedance

| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Module 2.5750135453469 Ohm
| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Angle 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Module 8.20581122845706 Ohm
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Angle 76.5970107979145 º

| | Local Source Impedance

| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Module 6.80731364275668 Ohm
| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Angle 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Module 21.7561744022504 Ohm
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Angle 76.5970107979145 º

| | Remote Source Impedance

| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Module 6.80731364275668 Ohm
| | |--Positive Seq. Impedance Angle 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Module 21.7561744022504 Ohm
| | |--Zero Seq. Impedance Angle 76.5970107979145 º
| Fault Locator

| | Length and Units

| | |--Line Length 15.3
| | |--Length Units Kilometers
| | |--Locator Units Length Units

| | Parallel Line Coupling

| | |--Mut Coupl. Comp. Ena No

| | Non Homogenety Compensation

| | |--Non-Homogeneity Comp. No

| | Indication
| | |--Permanent Indication Yes
| | |--Time indication 5 min
| | |--Indication zone Internal and External

| Protection

| | Distance Units

| | | Zone 1 Units
| | | |--Zone 1 Enable Yes
| | | |--Direction Forward
| | | |--Ground Reach 2.06001083627752 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Reach 2.06001083627752 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Resist Limit 7.74415505249421 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Resist Limit 4.16593152468901 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Time 0 s
| | | |--Phase Time 0 s
| | | |--Tilt Time 0 s
| | | |--Tilt Angle Type Calculated
| | | |--Tilt Angle 0 º

| | | Zone 2 Units
| | | |--Zone 2 Enable Yes
| | | |--Direction Forward
| | | |--Ground Reach 4.40950031948292 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Reach 4.40950031948292 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Resist Limit 13.2137444168991 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Resist Limit 6.71606773349167 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Time 0.25 s
| | | |--Phase Time 0.25 s
| | | Zone 3 Units
| | | |--Zone 3 Enable Yes
| | | |--Direction Forward
| | | |--Ground Reach 6.24398709361895 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Reach 6.24398709361895 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Resist Limit 15.309763635716 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Resist Limit 7.28374836131633 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Time 1 s
| | | |--Phase Time 1 s

| | | Zone 4 Units
| | | |--Zone 4 Enable Yes
| | | |--Direction Reverse
| | | |--Ground Reach 0.51500270906938 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Reach 0.51500270906938 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Resist Limit 2.27268514299682 Ohm
| | | |--Phase Resist Limit 1.26184332464748 Ohm
| | | |--Ground Time 0.5 s
| | | |--Phase Time 0.5 s

| | | Characteristic
| | | |--Ground Characteristic Quadrilateral
| | | |--Phase Characteristic Quadrilateral

| | | Quadrilateral Characteristic Directional Angle

| | | |--Dir Characteristic Angle 67.3843250244932 º

| | | Start Timers
| | | |--Start Type Zone Pick Up

| | | Memory Voltage
| | | |--Memory Duration 100 cycls

| | | Voltage Threshold
| | | |--Voltage Threshold 0.1 V

| | Close Onto Fault

| | |--COF Enable Yes
| | |--COF Sup Zone Zone 2
| | |--I COF Pick up 2 A
| | |--Z1 Ext. After Recl. No
| | |--2nd Harm. Restraint 0 %
| | |--COF Time 200 ms
| | |--Close Waiting Time 50 s
| | |--Reclosing Waiting Time 0.2 s
| | | COF Initiation Mask
| | | |--DL Deactiv Manual Close No
| | | |--OP Deactiv Manual Close No
| | | |--External Manual Close Yes
| | | |--Manual Close Comand Yes
| | | |--DL Deactiv Reclose No
| | | |--OP Deactiv Reclose No
| | | |--External Reclose No
| | | |--Reclose Comand No

| | Fuse Failure
| | |--FF Detec Enable Yes
| | |--FF Input DropOut Time 150 ms
| | |--FF Block Enable Yes
| | |--Voltage Level 30 V

| | Dead Line Detector

| | |--DL Detec Enable No
| | |--Current Level 0.05 A
| | |--Voltage Level 45 V

| | Load Encroachment
| | |--Enable Load Encroach Yes
| | |--Right Area Resis Limit 44.9865280985373 Ohm
| | |--Left Area Resis Limit 44.9865280985373 Ohm
| | |--Right Area Angle 36 º
| | |--Left Area Angle 36 º

| | Open Pole Logic

| | |--Num Brk Pos Inputs 3 INPUTS
| | |--A Pole Open Current 0.05 A
| | |--B Pole Open Current 0.05 A
| | |--C Pole Open Current 0.05 A

| | Power Swing Detector

| | |--PS Detec Enable Yes
| | |--PS Trip Enable Yes
| | |--Right Ext Resist Limit 9.46887286971124 Ohm
| | |--Right Med Resist Limit 8.01212319744797 Ohm
| | |--Right Int Resist Limit 4.16593152468901 Ohm
| | |--Left Ext Resist Limit 9.46887286971124 Ohm
| | |--Left Med Resist Limit 8.01212319744797 Ohm
| | |--Left Int Resist Limit 4.16593152468901 Ohm
| | |--Resist Limit Angle 67.3843250244932 º
| | |--Forward Ext Reach 8.11718322170463 Ohm
| | |--Forward Med Reach 6.86838580298084 Ohm
| | |--Forward Int Reach 2.06001083627752 Ohm
| | |--Reverse Ext Reach 8.11718322170463 Ohm
| | |--Reverse Med Reach 6.86838580298084 Ohm
| | |--Reverse Int Reach 2.06001083627752 Ohm
| | |--I1 Supervision 0.2 A
| | |--PS Detec Time 0.012 s
| | |--PS Block Reset Time 1 s
| | |--PS Trip Type Slow trip
| | |--Fast Trip Time 0.05 s
| | |--PS Cond Reset Time 0.05 s
| | |--Time Delay for Ground Fault detection 40 ms

| | Overcurrent

| | | Directional
| | | |--Phase Characteristic Angle 22.6156749755068 º
| | | |--Neutr Characteristic Angle 76.5970107979145 º
| | | |--NegSeq Characteristic Angle 75 º
| | | |--PosSeq Characteristic Angle 75 º
| | | |--Lack of direction blocking No
| | | |--Min. Phase Voltage 1 V
| | | |--Min. Neutr Voltage 1 V
| | | |--Min. Neg Seq Voltage 1 V
| | | |--Min. Pos Seq Voltage 1 V
| | | |--Coordinating Time 0 ms
| | | |--Neutr Volt. Comp. 0
| | | |--NegSeq Volt.Comp. 0

| | | Time Overcurrent

| | | | Phase Time Overcurrent

| | | | | Unit 1
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Enable Yes
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Pickup 1.2 A
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Curve [STD] Inverse
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Dial 0.05
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Definite Time 0.05 s
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Direction Direction
| | | | | |--Phase TOC Direct Unit 67F

| | | | Neutral Time Overcurrent

| | | | | Unit 1
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Enable Yes
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Pickup 0.2 A
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Curve [IEC] Inverse
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Dial 2
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Definite Time 0.05 s
| | | | | |--Neutr TOC Direction None
| | | | | |--Neutral TOC Direct Unit 67N

| | | Instantaneous

| | | | Phase Instantaneous
| | | | | Unit 1
| | | | | |--Phase IOC Enable Yes
| | | | | |--Phase IOC Pickup 1 A
| | | | | |--Phase IOC Delay 0 s
| | | | | |--Phase IOC Direction None
| | | | | |--Phase IOC Direct Unit 67F

| | | | Neutral Instantaneous
| | | | | Unit 1
| | | | | |--Neutral IOC Enable Yes
| | | | | |--Neutral IOC Pickup 1 A
| | | | | |--Neutral IOC Delay 0 s
| | | | | |--Neutr IOC Direction None
| | | | | |--Neutr IOC Direct Unit 67N

| | Open Phase
| | |--Open Phase Enable Yes
| | |--Open Phase Pickup 0.2 I2/I1
| | |--Open Phase Wait Time 0.02 s
| | |--Min. Load Open Phase 0.02 A

| | Protection Scheme
| | | Distance Protection Scheme
| | | |--Dist Protec Scheme PUTT
| | | |--Dist Carrier Time 0 ms
| | | |--Dist Coord Time 25 ms
| | | |--Dist Delay DCB 50 ms
| | | |--Z1 Ext Block Time 10 s
| | | |--Overreaching Zone Zone 2
| | | |--Reverse Zone Zone 4
| | | |--Dist WI Logic Output None
| | | |--Dist Curr Inv Block Enable No
| | | |--Carrier Fast Sending No
| | | |--Distance Protec Scheme Delay 0 s
| | Breaker Failure
| | |--BF Enable No
| | |--Single Phase PU 0.2 A
| | |--Three Phase PU 0.2 A
| | |--BF Neutral Pickup 0.2 A
| | |--1 Pole BF Delay 0.2 s
| | |--3 Pole BF Delay 0.2 s
| | |--3 Pole No OC Delay 0.2 s
| | |--1 Pole Retrip Delay 0.1 s
| | |--3 Pole Retrip Delay 0.1 s
| | |--3 Pole Retrip No OC Delay 0.1 s
| | |--Enable Arc Detector No
| | |--Arc Detector Pick Up 0.01 A
| | |--Arc Detector Time 0.1 s

| | Phase Selector
| | |--I0 Level 0.05 A
| | |--I2 Level 0.05 A
| | |--I0/I1 Factor 15 %
| | |--I2/I1 Factor 25 %
| | |--I0/I1 Factor Pow. Swing 5 %
| | |--I2/I0 Factor Pow. Swing 5 %

| | Protection Logic
| | |--Three Phase Trip No
| | |--1 Phase Trip 67G No
| | |--Distance Block Timer 150 ms
| | |--Trip Drop Out Time 0.03 s

| | | Zone Mask Trip

| | | |--Z1 GROUND Yes
| | | |--Z1 PHASE Yes
| | | |--Z2 GROUND Yes
| | | |--Z2 PHASE Yes
| | | |--Z3 GROUND Yes
| | | |--Z3 PHASE Yes
| | | |--Z4 GROUND Yes
| | | |--Z4 PHASE Yes
| | | |--Z5 GROUND No
| | | |--Z5 PHASE No
| | | |--Z6 GROUND No
| | | |--Z6 PHASE No

| | | Auxiliary Units Trip Mask

| | | |--REM OP BRK No
| | | |--CO FAULT Yes
| | | |--STUB BUS No
| | | |--THERMAL IMG No
| | | |--OPEN PHASE No
| | | |--POLE DISCREP No
| | | |--PS TRIP Yes
| | | |--IOC PH1 Yes
| | | |--IOC PH2 No
| | | |--IOC PH3 No
| | | |--TOC PH1 Yes
| | | |--TOC PH2 No
| | | |--TOC PH3 No
| | | |--IOC GND1 Yes
| | | |--IOC GND2 No
| | | |--IOC GND3 No
| | | |--TOC GND1 Yes
| | | |--TOC GND2 No
| | | |--TOC GND3 No
| | | |--IOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | | |--IOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | | |--IOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | | |--TOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | | |--TOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | | |--TOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | | |--OVERVOLT PH1 No
| | | |--OVERVOLT PH2 No
| | | |--OVERVOLT PH3 No
| | | |--UNDVOLT PH1 No
| | | |--UNDVOLT PH2 No
| | | |--UNDVOLT PH3 No
| | | |--OVERVOLT N1 No
| | | |--OVERVOLT N2 No
| | | |--OVERFREQ1 No
| | | |--OVERFREQ2 No
| | | |--UNDFREQ1 No
| | | |--UNDFREQ2 No
| | | |--ROC FREQ1 No
| | | |--ROC FREQ2 No
| | | |--EXT TRIP Yes

| | | Power Swing Block Mask

| | | |--Prot Scheme Pow. Swing Block Yes
| | | |--Z1 Pow. Swing Block No
| | | |--Z2 Pow. Swing Block Yes
| | | |--Z3 Pow. Swing Block Yes
| | | |--Z4 Pow. Swing Block Yes
| | | |--Z5 Pow. Swing Block No
| | | |--Z6 Pow. Swing Block No

| Recloser

| | Recloser Control
| | |--In Service Yes
| | Cycle Control Timer
| | |--Start Time 0.3 s
| | |--Security Time 25 s
| | |--MC Reset Time 1 s
| | |--Sync Wait Time 5 s
| | |--Positive Sequence Voltage Supervision W 5 s

| | Reclose Timer
| | |--1st 1Ph Recl Attempt 1 s
| | |--1st 3Ph Recl Attempt 1 s
| | |--2nd Reclos Attempt 1 s
| | |--3rd Recl. Attempt 1 s
| | |--4th Recl. Attempt 1 s

| | Initiation Mask
| | |--ZONE 1 Yes
| | |--ZONE 2 No
| | |--ZONE 3 No
| | |--ZONE 4 No
| | |--ZONE 5 No
| | |--ZONE 6 No
| | |--IOC PH1 No
| | |--IOC PH2 No
| | |--IOC PH3 No
| | |--TOC PH1 No
| | |--TOC PH2 No
| | |--TOC PH3 No
| | |--IOC GND1 No
| | |--IOC GND2 No
| | |--IOC GND3 No
| | |--TOC GND1 No
| | |--TOC GND2 No
| | |--TOC GND3 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | |--OPEN PHASE No
| | |--REM OP BRK No
| | |--PROG TRIP No
| | |--EXT TRIP No
| | |--OC SCHEME TRIP No
| | |--TRIP_SCHM_D Yes

| Oscillography

| |--Trip Required Yes

| |--Continuous Mode No
| |--Pre-Fault Recording Length 25 cycls
| |--Post-Fault Recording Length 75 cycls
| |--Triggers Interval 4 cycls
| |--Recording Frequency 32 Samples/Cycle

| | Trigger Mask
| | |--IOC PH1 No
| | |--IOC PH2 No
| | |--IOC PH3 No
| | |--IOC N1 No
| | |--IOC N2 No
| | |--IOC N3 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | |--IOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | |--TOC PH1 No
| | |--TOC PH2 No
| | |--TOC PH3 No
| | |--TOC N1 No
| | |--TOC N2 No
| | |--TOC N3 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ1 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ2 No
| | |--TOC NEG SEQ3 No
| | |--UNDVOLT PH1 No
| | |--UNDVOLT PH2 No
| | |--UNDVOLT PH3 No
| | |--OVERVOLT PH1 No
| | |--OVERVOLT PH2 No
| | |--OVERVOLT PH3 No
| | |--OVERVOLT N1 No
| | |--OVERVOLT N2 No
| | |--UNDFREQ1 No
| | |--UNDFREQ2 No
| | |--OVERFREQ1 No
| | |--OVERFREQ2 No
| | |--ROC FREQ1 No
| | |--ROC FREQ2 No
| | |--LOAD REST1 No
| | |--OPEN PHASE No
| | |--THERMAL IMG No
| | |--EXTERNAL TRIGGER Yes
| | |--Z1 GROUND Yes
| | |--Z1 PHASE Yes
| | |--Z2 GROUND Yes
| | |--Z2 PHASE Yes
| | |--Z3 GROUND Yes
| | |--Z3 PHASE Yes
| | |--Z4 GROUND Yes
| | |--Z4 PHASE Yes
| | |--Z5 GROUND No
| | |--Z5 PHASE No
| | |--Z6 GROUND No
| | |--Z6 PHASE No
| | |--PROG TRIP Yes
| | |--PS TRIP No
| | |--REM OP BRK No
| | |--STUB BUS No
| | |--CO FAULT Yes
| | |--POLE DISCREP No

| Records

| | Events
| | | Metering Associated to Events
| | | |--Parameter 1 IA
| | | |--Parameter 2 IB
| | | |--Parameter 3 IC
| | | |--Parameter 4 IN
| | | |--Parameter 5 VA
| | | |--Parameter 6 VB
| | | |--Parameter 7 VC
| | | |--Parameter 8 Null
| | | |--Parameter 9 Null
| | | |--Parameter 10 Null
| | | |--Parameter 11 Null
| | | |--Parameter 12 Null
1) RELAY SETTINGS

NOTE FOR COLOR CODE

CALCULTED VALUE
FIXED VALUE

(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )

(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )

(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )
(Customer data )
( To be set 2 times the reach )
( To be set 2 times the reach )

( To be set 2 times the reach )

( To be set 2 times the reach )
( To be set 2 times the reach or as per the load enroachment )
( To be set 2 times the reach or as per the load enroachment)

( To be set 3 times the reach )

( To be set 2 times the reach )

( Line Angle )
( 0.2 * 110) /1.732

( Consider load angle )

( Consider load angle )

(5% of RC CT)
(5% of RC CT)
(5% of RC CT)
( Complimentary of Line angle )
( Angle of Zero Sequence impedance at source end )

( Based on customer requirement )

( Based on customer requirement )

( Based on customer requirement )

( Based on customer requirement )

Protected Line Calculations Adjacent Shortest Line Calculations Adjacent Longest Line Calculations
For per Kilometer (Primary side ) For per Kilometer For per Kilometer
Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884 Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884 Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108 Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108 Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108
Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043 Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043 Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043

For Full Length (converted to secondary side ) For Full Length For Full Length
Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 0.990216 Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.410896 Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.410896
Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 2.377008 Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 3.386848 Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 3.386848
Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.902096 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 2.710176 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 2.710176
Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 7.982316 Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 11.373496 Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 11.373496

Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format

Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 0.990216+2.377008i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.410896+3.386848i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.410896+3.386848i
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.902096+7.982316i Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.710176+11.373496i Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.710176+11.373496i

Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format
Magnitude Angle Magnitude Angle Magnitude
Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.5750135453 67.3843250245 Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 3.668973548 67.384325 Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 3.668973548
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 8.2058112285 76.5970107979 Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 11.69194018 76.597011 Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 11.69194018

0.5363275313
Parallel Line Calculations
For per Kilometer
CT/PT RATIO = 0.4 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.990216
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 2.377008
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 1.902096
FINDING K0 ZERO COMPENSATION FACTOR Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 7.982316

K0 In Rectangular format = 3.1456002187153+0.510190822317546i For Full Length

Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 0.990216
Magnitude Angle Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 2.377008
K0 In Polar format = 3.186706044 9.21268577342 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.902096
Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 7.982316

FINDING K COMPENSATION FACTOR Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format

K In Rectangular format = 0.577346528299181-0.0572444199927917i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 0.990216+2.377008i
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.902096+7.982316i
Magnitude Angle
K In Polar format = 0.580177505 -5.66242015795 Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format
Magnitude Angle
Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.575013545 67.384325
REACH CALCULATION TO BE SET IN THE RELAY: TO BE SET IN THE RELAY : Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 8.205811228 76.597011

Zone-1 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 2.0600108363

Zone-2 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 4.4095003195
Zone-3 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 6.2439870936
Zone-4 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 0.5150027091

GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT CALCULATION (RG) :

Zone-1 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 4.41239269

Zone-2 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 7.5288044826
Zone-3 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 8.7230548322
Zone-4 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 1.294909418

PHASE RESITOR LIMIT CALCULATION (RP) : TO BE SET IN THE RELAY

Zone-1 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 4.1659315247

Zone-2 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 6.7160677335
Zone-3 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 7.2837483613
Zone-4 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 1.2618433246

GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT CALCULATION (RG AS SEEN BY RELAY ) TO BE SET IN THE RELAY :

Zone-1 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 7.7441550525

Zone-2 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 13.213744417
Zone-3 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 15.309763636
Zone-4 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 2.272685143
 LOCAL SOURCE IMPEDANCE:

Positive sequence impedance ZS1 17.018284 ohms

ZS1 in secodary 6.8073136 ohms
1PH fault mva 410.50808 MVA
mva to calculate ZS0 136.83603 MVA
Total Sequence impedance 88.427004 ohms
Zero sequence impedance ZS0 54.390436 ohms
ZS0 in secondary 21.756174 ohms

REMOTE SOURCE IMPEDANCE

Positive sequence impedance ZS1 17.018284 ohms

ZS1 in secodary 6.8073136 ohms
1.410896+3.386848i 1PH fault mva 410.50808 MVA
2.710176+11.373496i mva to calculate ZS0 136.83603 MVA
Total Sequence impedance 88.427004 ohms
Zero sequence impedance ZS0 54.390436 ohms
Angle ZS0 in secondary 21.756174 ohms
67.3843250244932
76.5970107979145
Protected Line Calculations Adjacent Shortest Line Calculations Adjacent Longest Line Calculations
For per Kilometer (Primary side ) For per Kilometer For per Kilometer
Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.1618
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884 Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884 Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 0.3884
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108 Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108 Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.3108
Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043 Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043 Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 1.3043

For Full Length (converted to secondary side ) For Full Length For Full Length
Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 0.990216 Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.410896 Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.410896
Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 2.377008 Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 3.386848 Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 3.386848
Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.902096 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 2.710176 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 2.710176
Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 7.982316 Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 11.373496 Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 11.373496

Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format

Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 0.990216+2.377008i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.410896+3.386848i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.410896+3.386848i
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.902096+7.982316i Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.710176+11.373496i Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.710176+11.373496i

Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format
Magnitude Angle Magnitude Angle Magnitude
Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.5750135453 67.3843250245 Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 3.668973548 67.384325 Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 3.668973548
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 8.2058112285 76.5970107979 Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 11.69194018 76.597011 Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 11.69194018

Parallel Line Calculations

For per Kilometer
CT/PT RATIO = 0.4 Positive Sequence Resistance per KM = 0.990216
Positive Sequence Reactance per KM = 2.377008
Zero Sequence Resistance per KM = 1.902096
FINDING K0 ZERO COMPENSATION FACTOR Zero Sequence Reactance per KM = 7.982316

K0 In Rectangular format = 3.1456002187153+0.510190822317546i For Full Length

Positive Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 0.990216
Magnitude Angle Positive Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 2.377008
K0 In Polar format = 3.186706044 9.21268577342 Zero Sequence Resistance of Protective Line length = 1.902096
Zero Sequence Reactance of Protective Line length = 7.982316

FINDING K COMPENSATION FACTOR Positive Sequence Impedence in Rectangular Format

K In Rectangular format = 0.577346528299181-0.0572444199927917i Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 0.990216+2.377008i
Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 1.902096+7.982316i
Magnitude Angle
K In Polar format = 0.580177505 -5.66242015795 Positive Sequence Impedence in Polar Format
Magnitude Angle
Positive Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 2.575013545 67.384325
REACH CALCULATION TO BE SET IN THE RELAY: TO BE SET IN THE RELAY : Zero Sequence Impedence for Full Length = 8.205811228 76.597011

Zone-1 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 2.0600108363

Zone-2 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 4.4095003195
Zone-3 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 6.2439870936
Zone-4 : GROUND REACH = PHASE REACH Ω = 0.5150027091

LOAD ENROACHMENT
Rated voltgae 110 kV
Min voltage level 93.5 kV
Max load current 600 A
Max load MVA 77.73216 MVA
Resist Limit 112.46632 ohms
Resist limit to be set in relay 44.986528 ohms (sec val)
PHASE RESITOR LIMIT CALCULATION (RP) : TO BE SET IN THE RELAY

Zone-1 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 29.151270208

Zone-2 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 32.390300231
Zone-3 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 35.989222479
Zone-4 : PHASE RESITOR LIMIT Ω/PH = 4.4986528099

GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT CALCULATION (RG AS SEEN BY RELAY ) TO BE SET IN THE RELAY : RgZLV

Zone-1 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 51.163160744

Zone-2 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 56.847956383 Rg ZLV = where,
Zone-3 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 63.164395981 arg(Z1n) Line angle
Zone-4 : GROUND RESISTOR LIMIT Ω/LOOP = 7.8955494976 arg(kn) angle of compensation factor
RgZLV Loop resistance

where is 0.5697707

So
Rg ZLV =
 LOCAL SOURCE IMPEDANCE:

Positive sequence impedance ZS1 17.018284 ohms

ZS1 in secodary 6.8073136 ohms
1PH fault mva 410.50808 MVA
mva to calculate ZS0 136.83603 MVA
Total Sequence impedance 88.427004 ohms
Zero sequence impedance ZS0 54.390436 ohms
ZS0 in secondary 21.756174 ohms

REMOTE SOURCE IMPEDANCE

Positive sequence impedance ZS1 17.018284 ohms

ZS1 in secodary 6.8073136 ohms
1.410896+3.386848i 1PH fault mva 410.50808 MVA
2.710176+11.373496i mva to calculate ZS0 136.83603 MVA
Total Sequence impedance 88.427004 ohms
Zero sequence impedance ZS0 54.390436 ohms
Angle ZS0 in secondary 21.756174 ohms
67.3843250244932
76.5970107979145
 Directional element
characteristic angle for Tilt angle
Quad char. (α) Zone Z Reach Line angle k angle (kN) (ϒ)
67.3843250244932 Zone 1 2.060010836 67.38432502449 -5.662420158 0
Zone 2 4.409500319 67.38432502449 -5.662420158 0
Zone 3 6.243987094 67.38432502449 -5.662420158 0
Zone 4 0.515002709 67.38432502449 -5.662420158 0

GROUND FAULT CHARACTERISTICS

ZONE 1 REACH ( Z1) 0.7921728 1.9016064

RG @(kN+ϒ) 4.390862415249 -0.4353579
RG @ [(kN+ϒ) +180] -4.39086241525 0.4353579002
Point 1 Z1 + RG @(kN+ϒ) 5.183035215249 1.4662484998
Point 2 Z1+ RG @ [(kN+ϒ) +180] -3.59868961525 2.3369643002
Point 4 RG @ [90-(α+kN)] 3.885811298956 -2.090377908
Point 3 Point 4 @ 180 -3.88581129896 2.0903779084

PHASE -TO GROUND FAULTS FOR ZONE 1 (LG)

C3 C4 C2 Linear (C2) C5
3

0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-1

-2

-3

PHASE TO PHASE FAULTS FOR ZONE 1 (LL)

Line C3 Line C4 Line C2 Line C5

2.5

2
 Line C3 Line C4 Line C2 Line C5
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
 Gnd resistive
limit (Rg) Phase resistive
Theta ( 90- α) (ohms/loop) limit (Rp)
22.6156749755068 4.412392690014 4.16593152469
22.6156749755068 7.528804482557 6.71606773349
22.6156749755068 8.723054832214 7.28374836132
22.6156749755068 1.294909417966 1.26184332465

PHASE FAULT CHARACTERISTICS

ZONE 1 REACH 0.7921728 1.9016064

RP @ ϒ 4.165931524689 0
RP @ [ϒ+180] -4.16593152469 5.10179471E-16
Z1 + RP @ ϒ 4.958104324689 1.9016064
Z1+ RP @ [ϒ+180] -3.37375872469 1.9016064
RP @ (90-α) 3.845592416215 -1.60200013631
Point 4 @180 -3.84559241622 1.60200013631

Graph co ordinates FOR Phase to Ground Faults (LG):

X Y X Y
Line C3 Line C4
3.88581129896 -2.090377908 5.1830352 1.4662485
-3.88581129896 2.0903779084 3.8858113 -2.090378

6
Zone 1 - Phase to Ground faults:
x y
Point 1 5.1830352152 1.4662485
Point 2 -3.598689615 2.3369643
Point 3 -3.885811299 2.09037791
Point 4 3.885811299 -2.0903779
 Graph co ordinate for Phase to phase faults (LL) :
X Y X Y
Line C3 Line C4
3.84559241622 -1.602000136 4.9581043 1.9016064
-3.84559241622 1.6020001363 3.8455924 -1.602

Zone 1 - Phase to phase faults

6
X Y
Point 1 4.9581043247 1.9016064
Point 2 -3.373758725 1.9016064
Point 3 -3.845592416 1.60200014
Point 4 3.8455924162 -1.6020001
 X Y X Y
Line C2 Line C5
5.18303522 1.4662485 -3.885811 2.09037791
-3.59868962 2.3369643 -3.59869 2.3369643
 X Y X Y
Line C2 Line C5
4.95810432 1.9016064 -3.845592 1.60200014
-3.37375872 1.9016064 -3.373759 1.9016064
FORMULA FOR CALCULATING GROUND RESIST LIMIT (RG RELAY) TO BE SET IN THE RELAY : (OHMS/LOOP)

TABLE FOR CALCULATING GROUND RESIST LIMIT (RG) :

ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3 ZONE 4

Zn_reach+overreach=a 0.95 1.65 2.15 0.35
sin(θL-arg(k)-γ)=b 0.956543 0.956543 0.956543 0.956542971
(1-m)=c 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98
a*b*c 0.8905415 1.54673 2.015436 0.328094239
Zn_reach*sin(θL-arg(k)-γ+δ)=d 0.7763942 1.455739 1.9409856 0.194098555
abc-d 0.1141473 0.090991 0.0744505 0.133995684
|ZL1|(abc-d) = NR 0.2351446 0.401224 0.4648679 0.06900814
sin[θL-arg(k)] * sin(δ) 0.0500616 0.050062 0.0500616 0.050061591
sin[θL-arg(k)-γ] 0.956543 0.956543 0.956543 0.956542971
|K|* sin[θL-arg(k)] * sin(δ) =DR 0.0303641 0.030364 0.0303641 0.030364145
sin[θL-arg(k)-y]
Rg (ohms/loop) TO BE SET= Rg relay =NR/DR 7.7441551 13.21374 15.309764 2.272685143
RG factor 0.5697707 0.569771 0.5697707 0.569770706
Rg (ohms/ph) = Rg relay * RG Factor 4.4123927 7.528804 8.7230548 1.294909418
FORMULA FOR RG (OHMS/PHASE) :

Enter m (Error in %) 0.02

Enter y (Tilt angle ) 0
Enter over reach 0.15
Enter δ( Error in degree) 3
Enter Line Impedance |ZL| 2.5750135453

ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3

Zn Reach (%) 0.8 1.5 2
Over reach 0.15 0.15 0.15
m 0.02 0.02 0.02
γ 0 0 0
|k| 0.5801775050443 0.580177505044 0.580177505
arg (k) -5.662420157951 -5.662420157951 -5.662420158
δ 3 3 3
θL 67.384325024493 67.38432502449 67.384325024
Zone REACH |ZLn|(ohms) 2.0600108362775 4.409500319483 6.2439870936
ZONE 4
0.2
0.15
0.02
0
0.5801775050443
-5.662420157951
3
67.384325024493
0.5150027090694
FORMULA FOR CALCULATING PHASE RESIST LIMIT (RP) :

TABLE FOR CALCULATING PHASE RESIST LIMIT (RP) :

ZONE 1 ZONE 2 ZONE 3

Zn_reach+overreach=a 0.95 1.65 2.15
sin(θL-γ)=b 0.923105047076472 0.923105047076472 0.92310504707647
(1-m)=c 0.98 0.98 0.98
a*b*c 0.859410798828195 1.49266086112265 1.94498233419013
Zn_reach*sin(θL-γ+δ)=d 0.75357251577275 1.41294846707391 1.88393128943188
abc-d 0.105838283055445 0.07971239404874 0.06105104475825
sin(θL) . sin(δ) =e 0.0483115853514348 0.048311585351435 0.04831158535143
sin[θL-y] =f 0.923105047076472 0.923105047076472 0.92310504707647
Dr= e/f 0.0523359562429438 0.052335956242944 0.05233595624294
|ZLn| 2.06001083627752 4.40950031948292 6.24398709361895
(abc-d)/Dr 2.02228621875452 1.52309042904871 1.16652200783054
Rp=[|ZLn|(abc-d)]/Dr 4.16593152468901 6.71606773349167 7.28374836131633
Rp to be set (ohms/ph) 4.16593152468901 6.71606773349167 7.28374836131633

Z1 RP factor Z2 RP factor Z3 RP Factor Z4 RP factor

1 1 1 1
RGZLV RG*Sing(PI-arg(z1)
Sin(arg(z1)-arg(k)
 ENTER THE VALUES IN THE TABLE BELOW :

ZONE 4 ZONE 1 ZONE 2

0.35 Zn Reach (%) 0.8 1.5
0.92310504707647 Enter Over reach 0.15 0.15
0.98 Enter m 0.02 0.02
0.31662503114723 Enter γ 0 0
0.18839312894319 |k| 0 0
0.12823190220404 arg (k) 0 0
0.04831158535143 Enter δ 3 3
0.92310504707647 θL 67.384325024 67.384325024
0.05233595624294 Zone REACH |ZLn|(ohms) 2.0600108363 4.4095003195
0.51500270906938
2.45016832421651
1.26184332464748
1.26184332464748
3.84559242
0.92310505
4.16593152
 ZONE 3 ZONE 4
2 0.2
0.15 0.15
0.02 0.02
0 0
0 0
0 0
3 3
67.38432502 67.3843250245
6.243987094 0.51500270907
 POWER SWING DETECTOR SETTINGS

Power Swing Detector

Settings Group 1 Units

PS Detec Enable Yes
PS Trip Enable No
Right Ext Resist Limit 9.4688729 Ohm
Right Med Resist Limit 8.0121232 Ohm
Right Int Resist Limit 4.1659315 Ohm
Left Ext Resist Limit 9.4688729 Ohm
Left Med Resist Limit 8.0121232 Ohm
Left Int Resist Limit 4.1659315 Ohm
Resist Limit Angle 67.384325 º
Forward Ext Reach 8.1171832 Ohm
Forward Med Reach 6.8683858 Ohm
Forward Int Reach 2.0600108 Ohm
Reverse Ext Reach 8.1171832 Ohm
Reverse Med Reach 6.8683858 Ohm
Reverse Int Reach 2.0600108 Ohm
I1 Supervision 0.2 A
PS Detec Time 0.012 s
PS Block Reset Time 1 s
PS Trip Type Slow trip
Fast Trip Time 0.05 s
PS Cond Reset Time 0.05 s
Time Delay for Ground Fault detection 40 ms

LOAD ENROACHMENT SETTINGS

Settings Group 1 Units

Enable load enroach yes
Right area resist limit 44.986528 ohms
Left area resist limit 44.986528 ohms
Right area angle 30 ( consider the load angle )
Right area angle 30 ( consider the load angle )
 FORMULA USED

Right External Resist Limit = 1.3 * Z3 Phase Resist limit = Left External Resist Limit
Right Medium Resist Limit = 1.1 * Z3 Phase Resist Limit = Left Medium Resist Limit
Right Internal Resist limit = Z1 Phase Resist limit = Left Internal Resist Limit
Forward External Reach = 1.3 * Z3 Reach = Reverse External reach
Forward Medium Reach = 1.1 * Z3 reach = Reverse Medium Reach
Forward Internal Reach = Z1 Reach = Reverse Internal Reach

TO CALCULATE RESIST LIMIT :

Rated Voltage 110 KV

Min Voltage level 93.5 kV
e load angle ) Max load current 600 A
e load angle ) Max load MVA 77.73216 MVA
Resist Limit 112.46632 ohms
Resist limit to be set in relay 44.9865281 ohms
CALCULATING TILT ANGLE:

FORMULAS USED FOR CALCULATION :

 Z0

modulus
Z0 8.20581122845706
Z1 2.5750135453469
K0: 3.18670604404592
ZA1 6.80731364275668
ZB1 6.80731364275668
ZL1 2.5750135453469
ZP1 2.5750135453469

ZA1+ZB1 ZL1/ZP1
5.2354760605097+12.567 0.953107909788353-
7311613224j 0.302630653270412j

ZONE 1
RG 7.74415505249421
RP 4.16593152468901
|k| 0.578401778416545
k angle =arg (k) 9.2126857734213
angle real imaginary
76.5970107979145 1.902096 7.982316
67.3843250244932 0.990216 2.377008
9.2126857734213
67.3843250244932 2.61773803025485 6.28386558066121
67.3843250244932 2.61773803025485 6.28386558066121
67.3843250244932 0.990216 2.377008
85 0.224427218129989 2.56521484138901

1+ZL1/ZP1 (ZA1+ZB1)(1+ZL1/ZP1) (ZA1+ZB1)(1+ZL1/ZP1)+ZL1

1.95310790978835- 14.028830396767+22.961719 15.019046396767+25.33872759889
0.302630653270412j 5988986j 86j

ZONE 2 ZONE 3 ZONE 4

13.2137444168991 15.309763635716 2.27268514299682
6.71606773349167 7.28374836131633 1.26184332464748
complex form
1.902096+7.982316j
0.990216+2.377008j
3.1456002187153+0.510190822317546j
2.61773803025485+6.28386558066121j
2.61773803025485+6.28386558066121j
0.990216+2.377008j
0.224427218129989+2.56521484138901j

[(ZA1+ZB1)(1+ZL1/ZP1)+ZL1] / ZB1 Tilt angle

4.28448743749852-0.605261306540834j -8.04085680995395

411903663
LINE LENGTH = 1.03000542
LINE ANGLE = 67.384325

GROUNDING FACTOR

Mode = ZO/Z1
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.18670604
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9.21268577

ZONE-1 EARTH FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 4.41239269 IZI 2.06001084 R -4.4123927
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle -5.6624202 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-1 PHASE FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 4.16593152 IZI 2.06001084 R -4.1659315
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle 180 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-2 EARTH FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 7.52880448 IZI 4.40950032 R -7.5288045
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle -5.6624202 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-2 PHASE FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 6.71606773 IZI 4.40950032 R -6.7160677
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle 180 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-3 EARTH FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 8.72305483 IZI 6.24398709 R -8.7230548
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle -5.6624202 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-3 PHASE FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 7.28374836 IZI 6.24398709 R -7.2837484
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle 180 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-4 EARTH FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 1.29490942 IZI 0.51500271 R -1.2949094
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle -5.6624202 Angle 67.384325

ZONE-4 PHASE FAULT

Line Cartesian Line Cartesian Line Polar Line Cartesian

R 0R 1.26184332 IZI 0.51500271 R -1.2618433
X 0X 0 Phi 67.384325 X 0
Angle -22.615675 Angle 67.384325 Angle 180 Angle 67.384325