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Stabilizing:
To reduce the rolling by providing opposite force.
Fins:
Size is governed by ship factors (Breadth, Draft, …).
Retractable (pivoting or sliding) or fixed. They apply righting moment when the ship is inclined. The angle of tilt and resulting moment are determined by a sensing control system. Control of fin is automatic driven by a hydraulic power unit until ship is brought to rest. The control system uses 2 gyroscopes; one for movement and the other for velocity. Fin movement is a function of (roll angle, roll velocity, roll acceleration and natural list). Effectiveness of the fins depends upon the speed of movement. Fins are rectangular and streamlined in section. No stabilizing when the ship is at rest. More used in passenger ships than merchant ships.
Tanks:
They are independent of the ship speed.
They generate righting or anti-rolling force from the delayed flow of fluid in transverse tanks at suitable heights and distances from CL. As ship rolls, water move after a few degrees. When the ship finish and will be about to turn, the still moving water will oppose the return roll. The system is passive, because the water flow is activated by gravity. Wing tank height permits a large water build-up and great moment. Level of water must not fill the tank. Tanks are connected by cross ducts, ducts contain valves operate by sensing device due to the differential air pressure.