SEAM 1

Ship, Ship Routines and Ship

Construction

(MIDTERM)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module Mapping .......................... 1

Module Timetable ........................ 2

Module 2 – Element A-D

Study Schedule............................ 3
Learning Plans ............................. 4
Pre-test ........................................ 4
Introduction .................................. 5
Engage ........................................ 6
Discussion Lesson 1 .................... 7
Discussion Lesson 2 .................. 12
Explore ...................................... 23
Discussion Lesson 3 .................. 31
Elaborate ................................... 45
Explain ....................................... 50
Discussion Lesson 4 .................. 53
Evaluate..................................... 60
Post-test… ................................. 62
Reflection ................................... 63
Monitoring Checklist .................. 63
References ................................ 64

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 1 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 LEARNING PLANS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
 Describe the marlinespike seamanship skills and
riggings in accordance with shipboard instructions and
ELEMENT
safety standards

PRE-TEST
Pre - Test

INSTRUCTIONS: This is a diagnostic test and you should encircle the

correct letter with full academic integrity. No erasures and no
alterations of answers are allowed.

Name: Date:
Year & Section: Score:

1. Enumerate at least 5 types of knots, bends and hitches and its

purpose. Write your answer on a separate paper.

2. Identify the following items below used on marlinespike

seamanship. Write your answer on the space provided.

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 INTRODUCTION

Marlinespike seamanship is one of the most important basic knowledge a seafarer must
obtain. Once onboard; proper identification, proper stowage, and proper procedures of care
and repair on wires, ropes and lines were very essential for safety especially on mooring
operations. Knowledge of the different knots, bends, hitches, and splices were also used
on almost everyday job such as for securing and for hoisting and lowering objects. In short,
it is a necessity for safe operations.

This module aims to explain the proper procedures and guidelines for safe operation of
ship specifically the proper handling and care of ropes and lines, proper mooring
procedures, basic knots, bends and hitches, identification of deck equipment related to
mooring and different types of mooring. Everything that you cannot identify and use
properly onboard is a safety hazard so proper knowledge of seamanship is a must.

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 ENGAGE
Give at least five types of knots used at home and give its purpose. No
erasures and no alterations of answer.

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 DISCUSSION OF LESSON 1

Marlinespike Seamanship Skills

Week 5
LO3 - Topic 1: Marlinespike Seamanship skills
LO3 – Topic 2: Purposes of Different Types of Hitches, Knots and Bends
LO4.1: Describe the marlinespike seamanship skills and riggings in accordance with
shipboard instructions and safety standards

WHAT IS MARLINESPIKE SEAMANSHIP?

Marlinespike seamanship is the art of seamanship that includes the tying of various
knots, splicing, working with cable or wire rope with cable or wire rope, even making
decorative ornaments from rope or line.

Marlinespike seamanship includes knowing the following:

 Types of rope
 Care of lines
 Line usage, knots, hitches, bends, and splices
 Splicing
 Stowing Line

Marlinspike Seamanship Marlinspike Seamanship

 The name marlinespike is derived from the tool that is used for splicing. It can be a
tapered metal pin or carved of wood .
 Once a rope is onboard a boat and is given a specific purpose and is given a specific
purpose , such as dock line, halyard, etc. it s ca ed a i s called a lin e , ot a ope not a
rope.

WHAT IS A ROPE?

Rope is a general term and can include both fiber and wire rope. Once a rope is onboard
a boat and is given a specific purpose and is given a specific purpose , such as dock line,
halyard, etc. it‟s called a line. Line is made by twisting fibers into threads or yarns,
threads into strands, and strands into rope.

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 WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF ROPE?
 Natural
 Synthetic
 Wire
 Natural rope

Until the 1950‟s, there were six types of natural fiber line readily available for use. These
were manila, sisal, cotton, hemp, linen, and jute. Of these six, manila and cotton ropes
were the only ones most commonly found in most marine supply stores today.

Common types of line:

 Natural Fibers – manila- not great in salt water and shrinks when wet
 Nylon – strongest line for its size stretches up to 40% can strongest line for its size,
stretches up to 40%, can be stored wet
 Polyester – not as strong and stretchy as nylon may chaff not as strong and stretchy as
nylon, may chaff
 Polypropylene – floats, least costly, can cut skin , deteriorates in sunli ht g
 Wire Rope – very strong, has little stretch, needs to be kept lubricated

USE AND CARE OF LINE

Manila line is not used as it once was. The replacement lines for the personnel highline, the inhaul
and outhaul lines, the light freight transfer line, and the replenishment-at-sea messenger are made
of spun polyester. Other synthetics have taken over other uses with some exceptions where
manila will be retained.
Manila lines of 4 inches or more should be reserved for fueling-at-sea riding lines. Following are
some pointers on the use and care of fiber line for you to remember:

 Coil right-laid line right-handed or clockwise. Flake down braided and plaited line.
 Keep line from touching stays, guys, or other standing rigging.
 When surging line around bitts, take off enough turns so the line does not jerk but
surges smoothly.
 If line becomes chafed or damaged, cut and splice. A good splice is safer than a
damaged section. However, do not cut a line without your supervisor's
permission.
 Do not lubricate the line.
 Whip all line ends.
 Inspect natural fiber line frequently for deterioration. Open the lay and inspect the
fibers. White, powdery residue indicates internal wear.
 Dragging a line over sharp or rough objects cuts or breaks the outer fibers. When
line is dragged on the ground, other particles are picked up and eventually work
into the line, cutting the inner strands. Natural fiber line exposed to the
atmosphere deteriorates about 30 percent in 2 years from weathering alone.
 Natural fiber line received from supply that is 3 years old should be returned to
supply noting uneconomical to use

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 Manila Rope

It is made from plant fibers and is fairly strong

and durable. It is also the most popular of
natural fiber lines. See picture on Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 Manila Rope

Advantages Disadvantages

 Readily available  Manila deteriorates if stowed wet,

damp or left in the bright sunlight.
 Inexpensive
 It is replaced by synthetic lines
 Very durable especially for running rigging

Cotton Rope

Cotton Rope/Line – The ropes as

presented in Figure 1.2 is most commonly
used on small boats since it is ½ of the
strength of manila line.

Figure 1.2 Cotton Rope

Advantages Disadvantages

 Pliable  Susceptible to rot

 Runs smoothly in blocks  Stretches, especially when wet
 ½ of the strength of manila rope

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 SYNTHETIC ROPE

Although natural fiber ropes are still widely used throughout the marine industry, they have
been superseded by synthetic fibers for a great many purposes. Not only do the majority
of synthetic ropes have greater strength than their natural fiber counterparts, but they are
more easily obtainable and at present considerably cheaper. See Figure 1.3.

Advantages Disadvantages

 Almost impervious to salt, air, water  It tends to “UNLAY” when cut.

and anything else that could destroy  Must be whipped or “stopped”
natural line immediately.
 Tougher and stronger for their size  Open flame or Heating iron good for
than almost any other line material this.
 Last a long time
 Do a better job than any other kind of
line

4 TYPES OF SYNTHETIC ROPES

Nylon

Figure 1.3 Nylon Rope

Advantages Disadvantages

 Highest elasticity, stretching up to 30%  Do not float

of its original length.  In cold climates they tend to stiffen up
 Can absorb 7 times shock load of and become difficult to handle
manila  They should not be left exposed to
 Used extensively for towing and strong sunlight or being stowed on hot
mooring deck surfaces, as their natural life will
 High melting point, 250 C be impaired
 High resistance to rot  Nylon is expensive, but its life may be
 High abrasive resistance considered to be five times as long as
 Twice as strong as manila its manilla equivalent.
 Can use nylon of smaller diameter in  When it reaches the end of its
replacing manila lines elongation, it will SNAP, like a rubber
 Cheaper in the long run band, becoming extremely dangerous
 Extremely flexible to anybody or thing in its path.
 No breaking in period

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 Dacron

Advantage Disadvantage
 Fairly light in weight  Not as elastic as Nylon
 Mostly has replaced
cotton ropes on most
vessels

Figure 1.4 Dacron Rope

Polythylene

Advantage Disadvantage
 It floats  Low abrasion
resistance
 Not nearly as
supple as other
synthetics
 Knots need to be
secured
FIGURE 1.5 Polythelene Rope

Polypropylene

Advantage Disadvantage
 Most popular of the  The melting point is
man-made fibers at low compared to
sea nylon, 165°C
 Cheap, light to  Friction-generated
handle, have the heat should be
same strength avoided with this
whether wet or dry, man-made fiber,
and they float which is extremely
 Used extensively for susceptible to
mooring ropes and melting and fusing.
running rigging  solvents and
 Resistant to chemical bleaching agents
attack by acids, may cause
alkalis and oils deterioration
FIGURE 1.6 Polypropelene Rope

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 WIRE ROPE

The basic unit of wire rope construction is

the individual wire, which is made of steel or
other metal and comes in various sizes.
These wires are laid together to form
strands. The number of wires in a strand
varies according to the purpose of the rope.
A number of strands are laid together to form
the wire rope itself.

Wire rope is designated by the number of

strands per rope and the number of wires
per strand. For example, a 6 by 19 rope will
have 6 strands with 19 wires per strand. It FIGURE 1.7 Wire Rope
may have the same outside diameter as a 6
by 37 wire rope, which will have 6 strands with 37 wires of much smaller size per strand.
The more wires per strand, the more flexible the rope. Rope with fewer and larger wires
per strand is more resistant to external abrasion.

The strands of the wire rope are laid up around a central core, which may be only a single
wire, a single strand of wire, or hemp. A hemp core contributes flexibility, cushions the
strands as the wire rope contracts under strain, and holds a portion of lubricant for
continuous lubrication. A wire core is stronger than hemp and can be used where
conditions, such as high temperatures, would damage a hemp core.

CARE OF LINES

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 DISCUSSION OF LESSON 2

Purposes of Different Types of Hitches, Knots and Bends

LINE USAGE, KNOTS, HITCHES, BENDS, AND SPLICES

Knots.

Knots are used to form eyes or to secure a cord or line around an object, such as a
package. In other words, the line is bent to itself.

Hitches are used to bend a line to or around an object, such as a ring, spar, or
stanchion. Bends.

Bends are used to secure two lines together

ELEMENTS OF KNOTS, BENDS, AND HITCHES

Knots, bends, and hitches are made from three fundamental elements: a bight, a loop,
and a round turn. Look closely to the illustration below in Figure 1.8.

Figure 1.8 Knots, Bends, & Hitches

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 SAMPLE KNOTS, BEND, AND HITCHES

Square Knot - The square knot, also known as

the reef knot from its use in reefing sails, is
quickly and easily made and has a great many
uses. It will not slip, but it can jam under heavy
strain. It can be loosened, however, by pulling
on first one and then the other end.

NOTE: A good rule to follow for a square knot

is left over right and right over left shown in
Figure 1.9.

When tying a square knot, make sure the two

overhand knots are parallel. This means that
each running end must come out parallel to the
standing part of its own line.
Figure 1.9 Square Knot Rope

Sheepshank – It is generally thought of as merely

a means to shorten a line, but, in an emergency, it
can also be used to take the load off a weak spot
in the line. To make a sheepshank, form two bights

Figure 1.10 Sheepshank

Figure Eight Knot - Used as a stopper

knot and employed in many forms,
especially at sea, it can regularly be
found in the lifelines of ships‟ lifeboats
and in the keel grablines of boats‟
rigging. An all-purpose knot, it prevents
a rope from running through a block as
illustrated in Figure 1.11.

FIGURE 1.11 Figure of 8 Knot

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 BOWLINES

Figure 1.12 Bowline

Bowline - The bowline, with its many variations, has a lot of uses. Its chief use is to form
an eye; but it can also be used to secure a line to a pad eye, to secure another ring
around a stanchion or other object, or to bend two lines together.

In Figure 1.12, procedures on how to tie a bowline, you should:

 Grasp the bitter end of the line in the right hand and the standing part in the left
hand (opposite, if left-handed). Assuming you are using small stuff, the length of
line between your hands should be about 2 feet.
 Throw an overhand loop counterclockwise near your left hand (clockwise near
your right hand, if you are left-handed).
 Grasp the loop formed and hold it. Pass the bitter end up through the bottom of
the loop, as shown in (view A).
 Pull the bitter end up through the loop, and pass it around behind the standing
part of the line (view B).
 Pass the bitter end down through the loop beside the line that was pulled up
through the loop (view C).
 To tighten the knot, grasp the standing part in one hand and the two lines passed
through the loop with the other hand, and pull.

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 French Bowline is sometimes used to lift or hoist
injured personnel. When the french bowline is
used for this purpose, it has two loops which are
adjustable, so even an unconscious person can be
lifted safely. One loop serves as a se at for the
person, while the other loop goes around the body
under the person's arms. The weight of the person
keeps both loops tight and prevents the person
from falling.

Figure 1.13 French Bowline

Spanish Bowline is useful in rescue work,

especially as a substitute for the boatswain's
chair. It may also be used to give a twofold
grip for lifting a pipe or other round object in a
sling. Many people prefer the spanish
bowline to the french bowline because the
bights are set and will not slip back and forth
(as in the french bowline) when the weight is
shifted. Check Figure 1.14 the procedures to
follow.

To tie a spanish bowline:

1. take a bight and bend it back away from

you (view 1), forming two bights.
2. Then lap one bight over the other (view
2).
3. Next, grasp the two bights where they
Figure 1.14 Spanish Bowline cross at (a) in view 2.
4. Fold this part down toward you, forming
four bights (view 3).
5. Next, pass bight (c) through bight (e) and
bight (d) through bight (f) (view 4).
6. The complete knot is shown in view 5.

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 Running Bowline - is a good knot to use in
situations that call for a lasso. See
illustration on Figure 1.15.

To form this knot:

1. start by making a bight with an

overhand loop in the running end
(view 1).
2. Now, pass the running end of the
line under and around the standing
part and then under one side of the
loop (view 2).
3. Next, pass the running end through
the loop, under and over the side of
the bight, and back through the
loop (view 3).
Figure 1.15 Running Bowline
BENDS

Becket Bend - The chief value of the becket bend is its use in binding together two lines
of different sizes. If there is a great difference in sizes or the strain on the line is to be great,
always use a double becket bend.

To fashion a single becket bend, you should follow the illustration below in Figure 1.16;
 Make a bight in one line and run the bitter end of the other line up through it, as
shown in (view A).
 Pass the end around behind both parts of the bight and back under itself (view B).
 View C, shows how you make a double becket bend by simply taking another turn
around the bight. (These bends are also known as sheet bends.)

Figure 1.16 Becket Bend

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 Carrick Bend – Single Originally used for
bending two hawsers around a capstan,
the bend was constructed so that it
formed a round knot which it was thought
would not become jammed in the whelps
of the capstan barrel. It is a strong
versatile bend that will not jam under
strain, providing it is properly secured.
The idea of the knot is for the weight to
be taken on either side; the bend should
be seen to hold, and only then should the
tail ends be seized to the standing parts.
It is often thought that the ends should be
seized immediately after securing the
bend, but this is not the case; weight must
first be taken and the bend will be seen to
slip and close up on itself; only after this
has occurred should the ends be seized.

Figure 1.17 Carrick Bend

Fisherman’s Bend - This is used for securing a hawser to the ring of a buoy. The bend
differs from the round turn and two half hitches, for the first half hitch is passed through the
round turn. The second half hitch is not always applied, but, in any event, with both the
round turn and two half hitches and the fisherman‟s bend, the tail end of the securing should
always be seized down to the standing part as illustrate on Figure 1.18.

FIGURE 1.18 Fisherman’s Bend

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 HITCHES

Clove Hitch - The clove hitch can be quickly and easily tied in several ways, and it will
hold as long as there is a strain on it. Once the strain is taken off, however, the hitch must
be checked and tightened to prevent the bitter end from pulling out when the strain is
reapplied. To make this checking and tightening unnecessary, you lash a clove hitch with
a half hitch around the standing part.

To tie this hitch, you should:

1. Take a turn with the bitter end.

2. Pass the end across the standing part.
3. Take another turn. (Notice that both turns go around in the same direction.)
4. Pass the end under itself, and the hitch is complete.

Figure 1.19 Clove Hitch

Another way to make this hitch is to form two underhand loops. Lay the second loop on top
of the first. This method is the usual way to form the hitch when it can be slipped over the
end of the object to which the line is to be secured.

Round Turn and Two Half Hitches - The chief advantage of the round turn and two half
hitches over other hitches is that it won‟t slip along the object to which it is secured. It‟s
made by taking a round turn and making two half hitches. It is used to tie a line to a ring,
pile, post or grommet. It is easy to untie under tension and more permanent than a clove
hitch.
FIGURE 1.20 Round Turn And Two Half Hitches

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 17 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Midshipman’s Hitch - This hitch may be
used instead of a Blackwall hitch, especially
when the rope being used is „greasy‟. It is a
quick method of securing a rope‟s length to a
hook

Figure 1.21 Midshipman’s Hitch

Rolling Hitch - The rolling hitch is one of the

most useful hitches employed at sea. Providing
it is properly secured and the weight is against
the double bight turn, the hitch should not slip.
As it is a secure hitch, it is used to secure the
jib halyard block to the sea anchor hawser,
when rigging a whip for use with the oil bag
from a lifeboat.

Figure 1.22 Rolling Hitch

Sheetbend (Single) - This hitch is

commonly used to join two ropes of
unequal thickness. However, when
employed for this purpose, there is a
tendency for it to „jam up‟ after weight has
been taken on the standing part. A carrick
bend would be more suitable when weight,
such as that consequent upon a towing
operation, is expected.
Figure 1.23 Sheetbend

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 Timber Hitch - A slip knot, in common use at sea today,
the timber hitch lends itself to gripping a smooth surface
like a spar or log. It is often used in conjunction with a
half hitch. It may also be used for lifting light cases or
bales, but the mariner should be aware that it is a slip
knot, and once the weight comes off it, there would be a
tendency for the hitch to loose itself.

Figure 1.24 Timber Hitch

SPLICING

Splices are used to permanently join two lines or to form an eye or loop in the end of a line.
When time permits, splices should be used instead of knots because splices are much
stronger.

TYPES OF SPLICE
 Eye splice
 Short splice
 Long splice
 Back splice

EYE SPLICE

Figure 1.25 Eye Splice

Eye splice is used to make a permanent eye at the end.

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 SHORT SPLICE

A short splice is used where two lines are to be permanently joined, provided a slight
enlargement of the diameter is not important. When properly made, the short splice is much
stronger than any knot.

Figure 1.26 Short Splice

LONG SPLICE
Does not increase diameter of the line. Good for use with blocks, sheeves..

Figure 1.27 Long Splice

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 BACK SPLICE

Back splice (also called an

end splice) –

A splice where the strands of

the end of the rope
are spliced directly back into
the end without forming a loop.
It is used to finish off the end of
the rope to keep it from fraying.
Procedures are well defined in
Figure 1.28.

Figure 1.28 Back Splice

STOWAGE OF ROPES

Making Up a Line Once line is removed from the manufacturer‟s coil, or spool, it may be
made up (for ready use) by coiling down, faking down, or flemishing. Figure below shows
the methods of
coiling, faking,
and flemishing
lines.

“Coiling down a
line” means
laying it up in
circles, roughly
one on top of the
Figure 1.29 Proper Stowage of Ropes
other.

“Faking down a line” is laying it up in the same manner as for coiling down, except that it
is laid out in long, flat bights, one alongside the other, instead of in round coils. The main
advantage of working with line that is faked down is that it runs off more easily.

To “flemish down a line”, start with the bitter end, and lay on deck successive circles of line
in the manner of a clock spring with the bitter end in the center. Right-laid line is laid down
clockwise; left-laid line is laid down counterclockwise. See Figure 1.28.

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 EXPLORE
You have to complete the assessment by meeting the assessment outcome
of this tool. In the new STCW 1978, as amended, marlinespike seamanship
is to demonstrate the different knots, hitches and bends. See the
assessment tool attached.

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT TOOL

Assessment Title Hitch, knots and bends

30 minutes
 10 minutes briefing
Duration
 10 minutes Assessment execution
 10 minutes debriefing
Table A-II/5
Specification of minimum standard of competence of ratings as able seafarer deck

KUP: A-II/1.F3.C1.KUP2: Knowledge of the following procedures and ability to:

STCW Table 1. Rig and unrig bosun’s chairs and staging
2. Rig and unrig pilot ladders, hoists, rat-guards and gangways
3. Use marlin spike seamanship skills, including the proper use of knots,
splices and stoppers
Function Controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board at the support
level
Competence  Contribute to the safe operation of deck equipment and machinery

CO5 – Perform deck maintenance works in accordance with shipboard instructions

Course Outcomes and safety standards

At the end of the practical assessment, the assessee must be able to:
Assessment Outcome - have general knowledge of the following procedures and ability to rig
with proper use of knots, splices and stoppers

Assessment Room Dedicated Laboratory Room or Seamanship Room

A. 7/32" (5.56 mm) nylon or cotton fiber rope about 2 meters long
Equipment Required b. 1/2” (12.7 mm) abaca fiber rope about 2 meters long
c. 2” diameter galvanized pipe for tying hitches

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 Condition n/a

Scenario Description n/a

Ship’s Particulars n/a

Initial Conditions n/a n/a

 Assign assessees to their respective task and dedicated areas;

 Brief assessee for the assessment outcomes;
 Present the scoring system and the use of rubrics during the
Assessor’s Action assessment;
 Give the assessment tasks in random order;
 Gather evidences after completion and presentation of the output;
 Announce if the assessment has met its objectives or not.
Ensure that the following conditions are fully understood by the assessee:
 the specific outcomes of the assessment;
 the enumerated performance criteria;
 the importance of clear and concise communication process;
Assessment Briefing  the right to stop the assessment when the time limit allowed exceeds
and when malfunction arises;
 the emphasis of assessment which to be treated as if they are
performing on board of the vessel; and
 the relevant clarifications and questions of the practical assessment
instructions.
The assessee shall:
Assessee’s  meet the outcomes stated on the assessment;
Recommended Actions  describe the general knowledge of the deck equipment
 familiarize the rubrics presented by the assessor during briefing

Simulator Familiarization n/a

Final Conditions n/a

 State to the assessees the purpose of debriefing.

 Encourage peer review and discussions.
 Ask the assessees how they went about with the assessment and what
difficulties were encountered.
 State whether the specific assessment outcomes were achieved during
Assessment Debriefing
the assessment.
 State the strength or corrective actions that they had demonstrated,
 Motivate the assessees who failed the assessment to take the Resit.
 Show diplomacy in any objection from the assessees by taking note of
their comments regarding the assessment scenarios.

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 An assessee must meet the minimum Performance Criteria to consider “PASSED”
Assessment System
otherwise “FAILED” is recorded and subject to Resit.
The Assessment will conform according to the navigation procedures as per
Practical Assessment Seamanship Procedures Guide and STCW Reg. II/5 (F3-C1, A-II/5) and other
assessment manuals and provisions
The assessment will be stopped when any of the following incidents occurred:
 assessee behaves beyond the proper decorum.
 assessee arrives late and reach the maximum grace period
Failure State
 assessee poses potential danger to the assessment procedures.
 exceeded time allotment required in the assessment plan; and
 unable to complete all the criteria assigned.

Assessee’s Signature above Date of Assessment Assessor’s Signature above

Name Name

PART I
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF POINT SYSTEM
DECK EQUIPMENT (based on the standard rubrics below)
(10 knots, splices and bends used
onboard as demonstrated by the
assessee in random order) COMP PROF ACCU NEAT SPEED SCORE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
An assessee must meet the minimum Performance
Criteria to consider “PASSED” otherwise “FAILED” is TOTAL SCORES
recorded and subject to Resit. All items must have Total number of points / Total number of
scores. Passing score is 75%. items x 100

LEGEND:
TOTAL RATING
(Encircle rating appropriately)
COMP – Completeness; PROF – Proficiency;
NOTE: Attached the output of the
PASSED FAILED
ACCU – Accuracy; NEAT – Neatness; SPEED - assessment
Speed

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 24 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 PART II
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF POINT SYSTEM
DECK EQUIPMENT (based on the standard rubrics below)
(10 knots, splices and bends used
onboard as demonstrated by the
assessee in random order) COMP PROF ACCU NEAT SPEED SCORE

1. Short Splice
2. Eye’s Splice
3. Back Splice
An assessee must meet the minimum Performance
Criteria to consider “PASSED” otherwise “FAILED” is TOTAL SCORES
recorded and subject to Resit. All items must have Total number of points / Total number of
scores. Passing score is 75%. items x 100

LEGEND: TOTAL RATING

(Encircle rating appropriately)
COMP – Completeness; PROF – Proficiency;
NOTE: Attached the output of the
PASSED FAILED
ACCU – Accuracy; NEAT – Neatness; SPEED - assessment
Speed

RUBRICS FOR DEMONSTRATION

RUBRICS ON AN OUTCOMES BASED EVALUATION
Performance Standards Remarks Score
Assessment (Scores to be reflected are within the range of ratings (Write
Demonstration on the task given in the
Criteria: assessment
accordingly) scores w/n
1 2 3 4 range)
COMPLETENESS (30%)
The performance is done 7.5% 15% 22.5% 30%
completely without missing areas
PROFICIENCY (20%)
Demonstrate The performance is done with 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
the following expertise and proficient
items ACCURACY (20%)
required in The completion is done with 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
the accurate performance as expected
assessment NEATNESS (20%) The output
form bears neatness without further 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
flaws and done with organize
manner
SPEED (10%) 2.5% 5.0% 10%
The performance is done More than More than 7.5% Less than
required half of Half of time
according to time period time time half of time
Check the appropriate box:
Passing score is 75% Pass Fail TOTAL RATING
Total number of points / Total number of items x 100

Legend: 1 – Does not meet the standards; 2 – Partially meets the standards; 3 – Meets the standards; 4 – Exceeds the standards
Every Resit done, the highest scores are indicated accordingly by percentage of the result

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 25 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 DISCUSSION OF LESSON 3

Different Deck Equipment Related to Marline Seamanship Skills

Week 7
LO3. 3 - Different Deck Equipment Related to the Marlinespike Seamanship Skills
LO3. 4 - Actual Performance of the Marlinespike Seamanship Skills

Different Deck Equipment Related to the Marlinespike Seamanship Skills

Cleat

These are fixtures found on docks and vessels.

They are shaped like a very wide and short
capital letter T as shown in Figure 21.1

Closed types have a solid base while open types

have two closely spaced legs in the center. A
line with a loop on the end can be passed
through the legs and secured over the horns,
the name of the horizontal piece of the cleat.

This allows it to pull tight without the chance of

working loose as it would if the loop were just
Figure 2.1 Cleat placed over the cleat.

Bollard

These are the things that look like short

metal mushrooms. You can find them on
docks and large ships and almost never
on smaller vessels. They are made for a
loop of line that is placed over the top
and the slack is taken up on the other
end to make the line tight.

Figure 2.2 Bollard

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 26 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Bitts

Pairs of heavy vertical cylinders, used for

making fast lines led through chocks. Normally
seen in the mooring areas of forward and poop
deck of the ship. The set of biits is shown in
Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 Bitts

Chock

These are fixtures that hold a line rather

than using it as a tie point. It is found
near a cleat and keeps the line in
position so it does not move laterally and
chafe or abrade. They are flattened
loops that have a narrow opening at the
top to accept and remove the line. Like
cleats, these come in all sizes but are
usually found aboard vessels and not on
docks.

Figure 2.4 Chock

Capstan

Separate vertical machinery units or part of

the anchor windlass around which lines are
passed, commonly used in mooring and
anchoring evolutions. The operation of the
crew in ropeworks using the capstan is
shown in the illustration 2.5.

Figure 2.5 Capstan

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 27 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Rat Guards

Shields secured around mooring lines to

prevent rats from coming onboard ships.

Figure 2.6 Rat Guard

Chaffing gear

Canvas or other material placed around

mooring lines to prevent wear

Figure 2.7 Chaffing Gear

Fender

Material designed to absorb the shock of

contact between two ships or a ship and a
pier

Figure 2.8 Fender

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 28 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Padeye

A metal plate with an “eye” attached to the deck

to distribute a load over a large area

Figure 2.9 Padeye

Bosun/Boatswain’s chair

Used for sending one person over the side

Figure 2.10 Bosun Chair

Jacob’s ladder/Pilot Ladder

Rope ladder w/ rungs rigged over the side for

temporary use

Figure 2.11 Pilot Ladder

Accommodation ladder – Rigid, inclined ladder

rigged to the side of the ship to allow boarding of a
moored or anchored ship.

Figure 2.12 Accommodation Ladder

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 29 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 SECURING FOR SEA

It is required to learn these knots, bends, and hitches so that you can use them when and
where necessary. Rest assured that a person who goes to sea will find frequent use for
them in securing equipment to prevent damage from rough waters. How the equipment is
secured depends on the gear and the places of stowage.

By observing the few tips that follow and by using a little common sense, you should be
able to do a good job of securing your equipment for sea.

 Use line strong enough to hold the gear.

 Make certain the line is in good condition. Make fast the belay objects from at least
two points that, preferably, are near the object.
 Lash tightly all objects against something solid (such as the bulkhead).
 Make the lashings taut so that the object will not “work” with the pitch and roll of
the ship. Frequently check all lashings, and tighten as necessary.
 Use chafing gears on sharp corners and rough surfaces.
 Never make fast your lashings to electric cables or small slightly secured pipes,
lagged pipes, door and hatch dogs or hinges, electric motors, lifeline stanchions,
or anything not solidly secured.
 Never block access to vents, fireplugs, switches, valves, doors, or hatches

PROPER PROCEDURE ON RIGGING PILOT

LADDERS

A pilot ladder should be capable of covering the whole

length from the point of access to the water level. The
height from water level is informed to the bridge by
the port control or the pilot himself depending on the
height of the pilot vessel.

Here are few points to consider while rigging the pilot

ladder:

 The top portion or head of the pilot ladders

should be secured at the strongest point of
the vessel
 Pilot ladder should be positioned and secured so that it is clear of any discharges
from the ship, with parallel body length of the ship and as far as practicable within
the half way length (midship) of the ship

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 30 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

  All steps of the pilot ladder should rest firmly against the ship side. In certain ships,
where constructional features such as fenders or rubbing band prevent the
implementation of above safety features, special arrangements are to be made for
safe embarkation and disembarkation
 Two man ropes to be between 28 mm and 32 mm diameter and made of manila
rope or other material which gives firm grip for climbing the ladder, should be
rigged along the side of pilot ladder if requested
 During night, the whole length of the pilot ladder, point access, and egress should
be well illuminated. A life buoy with self-igniting light and a heaving line should be
kept ready. Hand hold stanchions and bulwark ladder are to be used if required.

 If the point of access from sea level is more than 9 meters, a combination ladder
should be used. A combination ladder is a conjunction of the pilot ladder and
accommodation ladder. This is a common arrangement found on vessels with high
freeboard. The accommodation ladder is rigged in such a way that it leads aft of
the vessel and has a slope angle of not more than 55 degrees.

PROPER PROCEDURE ON RIGGING

ACCOMODATION LADDER

For rigging the accommodation ladder,

following points must be kept in mind:
 Ensure the rigger has don all
important PPE‟s including life
jacket and safety harness
 Switch on the electrical power
supply to the winch
 Remove lashing from the
accommodation ladder which is
used to tie it up in stowed
position
 Using the remote control, lower
the ladder by pushing the down
button
 Because of the spring buffer, the ladder will cant to its horizontal position first.
Continue lowering the ladder till it reaches 2m below the hoisting arm
 Strat positioning the hand railings and stanchions on the upper platform first
 Continue positioning the hand rails on the ladder and connect it to the upper
platform hand railings
 Now rig the lower platform and positions the stanchions on the same
 Put safety nets around the rigged ladder
 If required, slew the ladder over the quay to achieve required position using
electrical spindle

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 31 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 PROPER PROCEDURE ON HOISTING AND STOWING ACCOMODATION LADDER

 Ensure the operator has don all important PPE‟s including life jacket and safety
harness
 Use the electric spindle to bring the ladder close to ship side
 Connect the upper platform to the torque tube (if disconnected)
 Hoist the accommodation ladder using remote control by pushing UP button till 2
m below the hoisting arm
 Rig the lower platform in horizontal position and remove the stanchions
 Fold the handrails from both side of the ladder
 Remove railings and stanchions from the upper platform
 Now continue hoisting the ladder until it has been canted in to the recess
 Fasten the lash the accommodation ladder
 Switch off the electrical supply to the winch and remote control

PROPER PROCEDURE ON RIGGING BOSUN CHAIR

 When used with a gantline, the chair should be secured to it with a double-sheet
bend and the end seized to the standing part with adequate tail.
 Hooks should not be used to secure bosun‟s chairs unless they are of the type
that, because of their special construction, cannot be accidentally dislodged, and
have a marked safe working load that is adequate for the purpose.
 On each occasion that a bosun‟s chair is rigged for use, the chair, gantlines and
lizards must be thoroughly examined and renewed if there is any sign of damage.
They should be load tested to at least four times the load they will be required to
lift before a person is hoisted.
 When a chair is to be used for riding topping lifts or stays,
it is essential that the bow of the shackle, and not the pin,
rides on the wire. The pin in any case should be seized.
 When it is necessary to haul a person aloft in a
bosun‟s chair, it is generally done only by hand rather than
by using a winch. In the case of mast access on large
sailing yachts, a winch may be used by a competent
person, providing a risk assessment has been completed
and effective safety measures put in place to control the
risks identified.
 If a seafarer is required to lower themselves while
using a bosun‟s chair, they should first frap both parts of
the gantline together with a suitable piece of line to secure
the chair before making the lowering hitch. The practice of holding on with one
hand and making the lowering hitch with the other is dangerous. It may be prudent
to have someone standing by to tend the lines.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 32 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Figure 2.13 Pilot Boarding Arrangement

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 33 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 STAGE

Setting a Stage
Board:

1. Tie a stage rope

on a stage board
with following
methods keeping
about 3 meters
from the rope
end. See Figure
3.1.

2. Make a bowline
knot at one‟s
waist high. At this
point, 1 meter of
rope end is
recommendable
to be left. This 1
meter of rope
end is useful for
various
purposes, such
as solidity of
connection
and/or hanging
some tools to it.
See Figure 3.2.

As shown in
Figure 3.3,
illustration shows
when working on
a wall, length of
the rope shall be
adjusted as
shown.
Figure 3.1 The procedures to tie a rope in a stage board

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 34 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Figure 3.3 Bowline knot is made at point
Figure 3.2 The bowline knot at one’s
A. AB is shorter than AC in order to set
waist high
the board horizontally.

Hanging a Stage Board:

The stage board is hung from a handrail or a pipe that should be enough strong for descending.
Where two members work as a team as they lower themselves, such as for ship‟s funnel, two ropes
firmly with a hand can sufficiently support your own weight even when the knot is untied.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 35 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 There are 3 methods of tying the stage rope for descending.

Method 1 – Pass the hanging rope under the bowline knot and hold it together with the standing
rope. Bind together by Clove hitch with the 1-meter rope end mentioned. When you descend, first
hold 2 ropes above the bowline knot firmly. (Once two ropes are held firmly, your hand can
sufficiently support your own wait even when the knot is untied). Then push the hanging rope upward
little by little. The stage board is lowered by your own weight. When the board comes to the next
position, pull the hanging rope downward. The rope is halted.

Method 2 – Pass the hanging rope under the bowline knot and
hold it together with the standing rope. Bind together by two
half hitch with the hanging rope. Tuck remaining end into 2
ropes.

When you descend, firstly hold 2 ropes above the bowline knot
firmly. Then, untie the two-half hitch once. Adjust your hand
and slack the hanging rope holding the hanging rope with
other hand. Tie with two half hitch.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 36 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Method 3 – Take the hanging rope to the board directly and wind 5 times on the board outside of
the workers. The board is held. When you descend, move the handling rope little by little carefully.
This method is good when you work on a board sitting.

Fixing a board at one place

When the work is being carried out at fixed position, tie the stage rope as follows keeping an altitude
of the board at desired position.

Safety precautions:

 Wear your life jacket

 Prepare the Jacob‟s ladder
close to working spot
 Prepare a life buoy with a life
line
 Stand by a supervisor or a
watcher on deck
 Prepare a sign board of
“under outboard work” on
deck near the working spot

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 37 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 PILOT LADDER

Pilot ladder is always to be maintained in a good condition according to pilot requirements.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 38 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 REQUIRED BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR PILOT

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 39 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 ELABORATE
You have to complete the assessment by meeting the assessment outcome
of this tool. In the new STCW 1978, as amended, marlinespike seamanship
is to demonstrate by See the assessment tool attached.

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT TOOL

Assessment Title Riggings and Fittings

30 minutes
 10 minutes briefing
Duration
 10 minutes Assessment execution
 10 minutes debriefing
Table A-II/5
Specification of minimum standard of competence of ratings as able seafarer deck

KUP: A-II/1.F3.C1.KUP2: Knowledge of the following procedures and ability to:

STCW Table 4. Rig and unrig bosun’s chairs and staging
5. Rig and unrig pilot ladders, hoists, rat-guards and gangways
6. Use marlin spike seamanship skills, including the proper use of knots,
splices and stoppers
Function Controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board at the support
level
Competence  Contribute to the safe operation of deck equipment and machinery

CO5 – Perform deck maintenance works in accordance with shipboard instructions

Course Outcomes and safety standards

At the end of the practical assessment, the assessee must be able to:
Assessment Outcome - have general knowledge of the following procedures and ability to rig
with proper use of knots, splices and stoppers

Assessment Room Dedicated Laboratory Room or Seamanship Room

A. 7/32" (5.56 mm) nylon or cotton fiber rope about 2 meters long
Equipment Required b. 1/2” (12.7 mm) abaca fiber rope about 2 meters long
c. 2” diameter galvanized pipe for tying hitches

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 40 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Condition n/a

Scenario Description n/a

Ship’s Particulars n/a

Initial Conditions n/a n/a

 Assign assessees to their respective task and dedicated areas;

 Brief assessee for the assessment outcomes;
 Present the scoring system and the use of rubrics during the
Assessor’s Action assessment;
 Give the assessment tasks in random order;
 Gather evidences after completion and presentation of the output;
 Announce if the assessment has met its objectives or not.
Ensure that the following conditions are fully understood by the assessee:
 the specific outcomes of the assessment;
 the enumerated performance criteria;
 the importance of clear and concise communication process;
Assessment Briefing  the right to stop the assessment when the time limit allowed exceeds
and when malfunction arises;
 the emphasis of assessment which to be treated as if they are
performing on board of the vessel; and
 the relevant clarifications and questions of the practical assessment
instructions.
The assessee shall:
Assessee’s  meet the outcomes stated on the assessment;
Recommended Actions  describe the general knowledge of the deck equipment
 familiarize the rubrics presented by the assessor during briefing

Simulator Familiarization n/a

Final Conditions n/a

 State to the assessees the purpose of debriefing.

 Encourage peer review and discussions.
 Ask the assessees how they went about with the assessment and what
difficulties were encountered.
 State whether the specific assessment outcomes were achieved during
Assessment Debriefing
the assessment.
 State the strength or corrective actions that they had demonstrated,
 Motivate the assessees who failed the assessment to take the Resit.
 Show diplomacy in any objection from the assessees by taking note of
their comments regarding the assessment scenarios.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 41 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 An assessee must meet the minimum Performance Criteria to consider “PASSED”
Assessment System
otherwise “FAILED” is recorded and subject to Resit.
The Assessment will conform according to the navigation procedures as per
Practical Assessment Seamanship Procedures Guide and STCW Reg. II/5 (F3-C1, A-II/5) and other
assessment manuals and provisions
The assessment will be stopped when any of the following incidents occurred:
 assessee behaves beyond the proper decorum.
 assessee arrives late and reach the maximum grace period
Failure State
 assessee poses potential danger to the assessment procedures.
 exceeded time allotment required in the assessment plan; and
 unable to complete all the criteria assigned.

Assessee’s Signature above Date of Assessment Assessor’s Signature above

Name Name

ASSESSMENT
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS DONE NOT DONE
CRITERIA

Rigging of paint stage

Perform marlinespike
seamanship skills and
Rigging of bosun’s chair
riggings in accordance
with shipboard
instructions and safety
standards Pilot ladders

Gangways

An assessee must meet “ALL” Performance Criteria to TOTAL RATING

consider “COMPETENT” otherwise “NOT YET NOT YET
(Encircle rating COMPETENT
COMPETENT” is recorded and subject to Resit. COMPETENT
appropriately)

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 42 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 EXPLAIN
Why following the regulations on rigging a pilot ladder is very significant
according to IMO requirement and IMPA Regulations as to pilot
embarkation and disembarkation. No erasures and no alterations are
allowed.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 43 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 44 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
 RUBRICS FOR DISCUSSION
RUBRICS ON AN OUTCOMES BASED EVALUATION
Remarks Score
Performance Standards
Assessment (Scores to be reflected are within the range of (Write
Discussion on the task given in
Criteria: ratings accordingly) scores w/n
the assessment range)
1 2 3 4

ORGANIZATION (30%)
The information is in logical, 7.5% 15% 22.5% 30%
interesting sequence

COMPREHENSION (20%)
Full knowledge by answering the 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
Discuss the questions with good elaboration
following
items
required in CONCISENESS (20%)
the All terms and provision presented 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
assessment are concise in the specific question
form
FLUENCY (20%) The voice is
clear and the pronunciation of all 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
terms are correct and precise

CLARITY (10%) 2.5% 5.0% 7.5% 10%

Clear discussion about the topic

Check the appropriate box:

Passing score is 75% Pass Fail TOTAL RATING
Total number of points / Total number of items x 100

Legend: 1 – Does not meet the standards; 2 – Partially meets the standards; 3 – Meets the standards; 4 – Exceeds the standards
Every Resit done, the highest scores are indicated accordingly by percentage of the result

Student Date of Assessment Assessor

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 45 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 DISCUSSION OF LESSON 4

Actual Performance of the Marlinspike Seamanship Skills

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 46 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 47 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 48 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 49 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 50 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 51 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 52 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)
 EVALUATE

You are going to going to illustrate or draw at least 5 different deck

equipment and seamanship tools followed by explaining how can you apply
your marline seamanship skills to it by during repair and maintenance.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 53 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 RUBRICS FOR ILLUSTRATION
RUBRICS ON AN OUTCOMES BASED EVALUATION

Performance Standards Remarks Score

Assessment Illustration of the task given in the (Scores to be reflected are within the range of (Write
Criteria: ratings accordingly) scores w/n
assessment range)
1 2 3 4
7.5% 22.5%
COMPLETENESS (30%) 15% 30%
The contents of the drawing are (very (few (almost (complete
complete few labels) complete labels)
labels) labels)

ACCURACY (20%)
Views provided are sufficient,
appropriate, and correct in the 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
Illustrate the illustration
following
items
required in DESIGN (20%)
the Presentability on the design with 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
assessment substance.
form
EFFICIENCY (20%)
The discussion of the details has
been extracted originally in the 5.0% 10% 15% 20%
information onboard as illustrated

CREATIVITY (10%)
Creation and Figures are
conveyed to be understood by the 2.5% 5.0% 7.5% 10%
audience
Check the appropriate box:
Passing score is 75% Pass Fail TOTAL RATING
Total number of points / Total number of items x 100

Legend: 1 – Does not meet the standards; 2 – Partially meets the standards; 3 – Meets the standards; 4 – Exceeds the standards
Every Resit done, the highest scores are indicated accordingly by percentage of the result

Student Date of Assessment Assessor

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 54 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 POST-TEST

INSTRUCTIONS: If the statement is a multiple-choice test, you should encircle the correct letter
while you are required to write the correct answer if the statement is for identification. No
erasures and no changes in replies are permitted.

Name: Date:
Year & Section: Score:

1. Enumerate at least 10 types of knots, bends and hitches and its purpose. Write your answer on a
separate paper.

2. Identify the following items below used on marlinespike seamanship. Write your answer on the space
provided.

3. Enumerate at least 10 kinds of regularly used deck tools and its purpose. Write your answer on a
separate paper.

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 55 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 Choose the emoji by checking it which suits your acquisitions of
knowledge in the whole Elements of the Module 2 on a given period
of time:
  
1. What have you learned from the Module 2 – Element A-D?
2. What do you want more to learn in the next Element of this
Module?

ELEMENTAL MILESTONE MONITORING CHECKLIST

MODULE 2 – ELEMENT A-D

(Put a check ( ) mark on the box accordingly)
COMPLETED? PARENT’S PASS? FACILITATOR’S
TASK
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
YES NO YES NO
PRE-TEST
EXPLORE
ENGAGE
EXPLAIN
ELABORATE
EVALUATE
POST-TEST

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 56 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)

 REFERENCES:

1. Table A-II/1 Function 2: Cargo Handling and Stowage

2. CMO No. 67 series of 2017. Revised PSG for BS Marine Transportation and BS Marine Engineering
Programs
3. Tomas’ Stowage Part 1 and 2, Technique System
4. Seamanship Techniques, 3rd Edition
5. Nicholl’s Seamanship and Nautical Knowledge
6. Cargo Work for Maritime Operation, 7the Edition
7. The Best Seamanship, A guide to Deck Skills, International Mariners Management Association of Japan
(IMMAJ)

Non-Print Media (Internet):

 https://corpslakes.erdc.dren.mil/employees/motorboat/pdfs/MarlinspikeSeamanship.pdf
 http://www.cgauxwhittier.org/Power%20Points/SEAMANSHIP/AUXSEA_Student.pdf
 file:///C:/Users/Dionel/Downloads/silo.tips_chapter-7-basic-seamanship.pdf
 https://www.tpub.com/steelworker2/47.htm#:~:text=Knots%2C%20bends%2C%20and%20hitches
%20are,in%20making%20these%20three%20elements.
 https://www.slideshare.net/azvdo/deck-equipment-and-marlinspike-seamanship
 https://www.thoughtco.com/cleats-chocks-bits-and-bollards-2292968
 https://www.slideshare.net/azvdo/lesson-2-deck-equipment-and-marlinspike-seamanship
 https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/maintenance-pilot-ladder/
 https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/accommodation-ladder-on-ships-requirements-
operations-and-
maintenance/#:~:text=Hoist%20the%20accommodation%20ladder%20using,stanchions%20from%
20the%20upper%20platform
 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/
797758/Chapter_17_Work_at_height_consultation_2019.pdf
 Marlinspike Seamanship - Need to Know Knots | Nautical Ventures
 Marlinspike Seamanship (dren.mil)
 SEAMAN (globalsecurity.org)

Course Code: SEAM1 – Module 2 Page 57 of 57 SY 2023-2024 (2nd SEM)