1 BASIS OF ARITHMETIC

SECTION A
2021 – 2a
Simplify 23056 + 69210 , giving the answer in
base 6. (4 marks)

2012-11. a. Subtract 326 from 27810, giving

your answer in base 10. (3 marks)

23056 + 31126 = 54216 2010-10. a. Convert to base 2. (3 marks)

2020 – 2
Simplify 2345 + 10810 , giving your answer to
base 5. (4 marks)

2009-3. Simplify ,
leaving your answer in base 3. (3 marks)

2345 + 4135 = 12025

2013 – 1
4−(−5)−13
Simplify (3 marks)
−2

4 + 5 − 13 9 − 13 −4
= = =2
−2 −2 −2 2008-1. Simplify (3 marks)
2013 – 6
Convert 1345 to base 3. (5 marks)
1 × 52 + 3 × 51 + 4 × 50 2008-6. Convert 12013 to base 10. (4 marks)
= 25 + 15 + 4 = 44
1 × 33 + 2 × 32 + 0 × 31 + 1 × 30
1 × 27 + 2 × 9 + 0 × 3 + 1 × 1
27 + 18 + 0 + 1
4610
2007-2. Simplify . (3 marks)

2012-1. Simplify (3 marks)

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2006-1. Simplify . (3 marks) 2004-5. a. Evaluate leaving your
answer in base 3. (3 marks)

2006-4. Convert 102410 to base 8. (3 marks) 2003-1. Subtract -5 from -4. (3 marks)

2003-3. Convert 12647 to base 10. (4 marks)

SECTION B
2005-3. Convert 32112 to base 10. (4 marks) 2011-16. b. Convert 1405 to base 10. (3 marks)

2 INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

2021 – 3a Simplify (3 marks)
1
Simplify 2𝑦 0 − 273 (4 marks) …Answer
3 2012 – 14
2 × 1 − √27 = 2 − 3 = −1
a. Use logarithms to evaluate √47.89, leaving
2021 – 11. Use logarithms to simplify 96.42× your answer correct to 2 decimal places.(5
9.147, giving your answer correct to three marks)
significant figures.
log(96.42 × 9.147) = log 96.42 + log 9.147
log(96.42 × 9.147) = 1.98416713 + 0.96127868
…Answer
log(96.42 × 9.147) = 2.94544581
(2d.p.) …Answer
∴ 96.42 × 9.147
= ln 2.94544581 2011 – 3
= 88.9537477 Simplify (4 marks)
2013 – 2
Simplify 3𝑥 −1 (2𝑥)2 (3 marks) …Answer
2011-14.
3(4𝑥 2 ) 12𝑥 2
= = 12𝑥 2−1 = 12𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
2012 – 13

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b. Evaluate using logarithms leaving your
answer correct to 2 significant figures. (4
marks)

2008-2.
Simplify 𝑦(𝑦−2)5. (3 marks)
𝑦(𝑦-2)5 = 𝑦(𝑦-2×5) = 𝑦(𝑦-10)
= 𝑦 × 𝑦-10 = 𝑦1 × 𝑦-10
= 𝑦-9…Answer
2008-13.
Use logarithms to evaluate (4.56)3 and give
your answer to 3 significant figures. (4 marks)
log (4.56)3 = 3log (4.56).
According to the log table 45.6 is 6.590.
log (45.6) = 6590
log (4.56) = 0.6590
log (4.56)3 = 3 × 0.6590 = 1.977…Answer
= 79(to 2s. f) …Answer
2007-8.
2010-11. Evaluate and give your answer correct
to 3 decimal places. (3 marks)
Simplify 33𝑒4 ÷ 3𝑒−4. (3 marks)
log 66.79 = 1.8247
∴ log √667.9 = (log 667.9) ÷ 2
= (1 + 1.8247) ÷ 2 = 1.41235
∴ √667.9 = 101.41235 = 10 × 100.41235
= 25.84…Answer
2009-9.
2007-9.
Use logarithms to evaluate giving your
Simplify . (4 marks)
answer correct to one decimal place. (4 marks)
2𝑚(3𝑚)2 = 2𝑚 × 9𝑚2 = 18𝑚3…Answer

2006-11.
Evaluate and give your answer correct
to 3 significant figures. (3 marks)
log(4.13)2 = (0.615950051) × 2
= 1.231900103
2009-10. (4.13)2 = ln(1.231900103)
(4.13)2 = 17.0569~17.1
2005-2.
a. Simplify (3 marks)
Evaluate (4 marks)

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 …Answer
2003-12.

Evaluate using logarithms. (5 marks)

2005-17.
Simplify . (3 marks)

𝑎2 × 𝑎-4 ÷ 𝑎 = 𝑎2+(-4)-1
= 𝑎-3…Answer
…Answer
2005-19.
b. Evaluate and give your answer correct
SECTION B to 2 decimal places. (3 marks)
2010-18.
b. Use logarithms to evaluate ,
leaving your answer correct to two significant
figures. (4 marks)
log (2.7 × 40.3) = log 2.7 + log 40.3
From logarithm tables, log 27 = 1.4314 and
log 40.3 = 1.6053 ………… Answer
∴ log 2.7 = 0.4314 2004-17.
log 2.7 + log 40.3 = 0.4314 + 1.6053 = 2.0367
∴ 2.7 × 40.3 = 102.0367 Use logarithms to evaluate (6
log 10.88 = 1.0334 + 0.0033 = 1.0367 marks)
∴ log 108.8 = 2.0367 Using the logarithm table
∴ 2.7 × 40.3 = 102.0367 = 108.8
= 110 (to 2 s. f.)
2007-16.
Use logarithm tables to evaluate (6
marks)

Using the antilogarithm table

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 …Answer

3 SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC

SECTION A
2013 – 14a. The electricity company charges a per unit of electricity, calculate the electricity
fixed amount of K1041 per month and each bill for the customer.
unit costs K15.15. If a family used 200 units in
(4 marks)
a certain month, calculate the bill which the
family paid that month. (3 marks). Electricity bill = unit cost × number of units +
Fixed amount = K1041 fixed charge
Units cost = 200 × 𝐾15.15 = 𝐾3030 = K14.50×192 + K350.00
Total bill = K4071
2012-6. A lady bought a shirt marked K400.00 = K2784.00 + K350.00 =

with 15% surtax and two pairs of socks at K3134.00…Answer

K120.00 per pair surtax free. Calculate the total

amount of money she paid. (6 marks) 2008-7. Mr. Dzuwa works as an accountant and
earns K 60 000 per month. He is allowed K 17
500 tax free per month. If he pays 15 % income
tax on the rest, calculate the total income tax he
pays in a year. (5 marks)
answer
The K 17 500 of K 60 000 is not taxable.
2010-4. The value of a bicycle depreciated by Taxed income = K 60 000 − K 17 500 = K 42 500
7% in the first year. At the beginning of the Income tax = rate × taxable salary

second year the value of the bicycle was

K9300. Calculate the original value of the
bicycle. (4 marks)
Depreciation 100% − 7% = 93% …. answer
Let the original value of the bicycle be 𝑥 2006-12. b. The surtax for a product at a
market is 5%. If the cost of the product
including the surtax is K441.00, calculate the
original price of the product. (4 marks)
If K441.00 includes tax at 5%, then
Answer 105% of basic cost = K441.00
2009-5. A customer uses 192 units of electricity ∴ he original price of the product
in a month. If the electricity supply company has
a fixed charge of K350.00 per month and K14.50

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 SECTION B
2011-16. a. An agent got a commission of
K2000 on sales of policies. If the rate of

2005-10. A school bought a car at K540,000. commission is 20%, calculate the amount of
The value of the car depreciated by 5% after policies sold. (3 marks)
one year. Calculate the value of the car at the Let the amount of policies sold be 𝑥.
beginning of the second year. (4 marks)
The value of the car at the beginning of the first
year = 95% of K540,000 = K513,000
The value of the car at the beginning of the
second year = 95% of K513,000 The amount of policies sold is K10000…Answer
= K487,350…Answer
2007-17. b. A lady is given 10% commission
2004-8. The table below shows rate of income
tax an employee pays at a company. for every newspaper she sells. If she sold 1000
INCOME PER RATE OF newspapers at K60 each, calculate her
MONTH TAX commission. (3 marks)
First K4,800 0%
Next K9,600 10%
In excess of K14,400 25%
2003-19. b. A vendor reduced the price of a
Calculate the income tax payable by a person
pocket radio from K800 to K720. Calculate the
who K24 400 per month. (6 marks)
discount percentage. (2 marks)
K24400 = K4800 + K9600 + K10000
0% of K4800 = K0
10% of K9600 = K960
25% of K10000 = K2500
the total income tax = K960 + K2500 ...Answer
= K3460…Answer

4 NUMBER PATTERNS
SECTION A
𝑡ℎ
2021 – 3b. Find 𝑛 term of the sequence 39, 33, 27, 21, 15
Using the formula 𝑛𝑡ℎ = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, 𝑑 = 33 − 39 = −6, 𝑎 = 39
The 𝑛𝑡ℎ = 39 + (𝑛 − 1) − 6 = 39 − 6𝑛 + 6 = 45 − 6𝑛
2013 – 10. Given the following sequence of numbers:12, 23, 34, _____, ______. Write down the next
two numbers of the sequence.
𝑑 = 23 − 12 = 11, 𝑎 = 12
𝑛4 = 12 + (4 − 1)11 = 12 + 33 = 45
𝑛5 = 12 + (5 − 1)11 = 12 + 44 = 56
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 12, 23, 34, 45, 56

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2012-15.
b. The terms -8, P, 12, 22 are in a sequence. Calculate the value of P. (3 marks)
P − (−8) = 12 − P
P + 8 = 12 − P
P + P = 12 − 8
2P = 4
P = 2…Answer
2010-12.
Given the sequence, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, ... 283. Find the number of terms in the sequence. (5 marks)
This sequence is an AP with the common
difference (+4).
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) 𝑑, where
𝑎1 = 7, 𝑎𝑛 = 283 and 𝑑 = 4
∴ 283 = 7 + (𝑛 − 1)4
−4𝑛 = −280
𝑛 = 70
∴ The number of terms is 70…Answer
2009-6.
Table 1 shows the positions of terms, the term and the connection between the position and the term
in a sequence.

POSITION TERM CONNECTION

BETWEEN
POSITION
AND TERM

1 3 1 + (1 + 1)

2 5 2 + (2 + 1)
3 7 3 + (3 + 1)
th
Write down the n term in its simplest form. (3 marks)
1st term = 1 + (1 + 1)
2nd term= 2 + (2 + 1)
3rd term= 3 + (3 + 1)
nth term= 𝑛 + (𝑛 + 1) = 2𝑛 + 1…Answer
2008-10.
The terms −7, b, 17 are in arithmetic sequence. Calculate the value of b. (4 marks)
𝑑 = 17 − 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑑 = 𝑏 − −7
∴ 17 − 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 7 ⟹ 17 − 7 = 𝑏 + 𝑏 ⟹ 10 = 2𝑏 ⟹ 𝑏 = 5
2007-13.
The nth term of a sequence is 2n − 1. If the last term is 11, calculate the number of terms of the
sequence. (4 marks)

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 2n − 1 = 11
2n = 12
n=6
∴ The number of terms is 6…Answer
2007-15.
b. Copy and complete the pattern of numbers in the table below.
(3 marks)
NUMBER PATTERN TOTAL
1 1 1
2 1+2+1 4
3 1+2+3+2+1 9
4 1+2+3+4+3+2+1 16
5 1+2+3+4+5+4+3+2+1 25

2006-2.
The nth term of a sequence is n2+n. Calculate the 5th term of the sequence. (3 marks)
𝑎5 = 52 + 5
= 25 + 5 = 30…Answer
2004-5.
b. Find the next term in the sequence 12, 32, 52 ,72, - -(1 mark)
 92
2003-2.
a. study Figure 1 which shows triangular pattern of dots.

By drawing the 4th triangular pattern, find the number of dots which form it. (2 marks)

SECTION B
2011-19.
a. The nth term of a sequence is 3𝑛 − 2. Write down:
(i) the first three terms of the sequence. (3 marks)
𝑎1 = 3 × 1 − 2 = 1
𝑎2 = 3 × 2 − 2 = 4

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 𝑎3 = 3 × 3 − 2 = 7
∴ The first three terms are 1,4,7…Answer
(ii) the rule used to generate the sequence. (1 mark)
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) 𝑑
The nth term of a sequence is 3𝑛 − 2…Answer
5 DENSITY AND MIXTURE
SECTION A
2021 – 5. Mrs. Tembo wants to buy the following items: 4kg of rice at K550 per kg, 2 units of soap at
K100 each and 15 bananas at 3 bananas for K200. Prepare budget for Mrs. Tembo.
Item Quantity Cost
Rice 4Kg 4 × 𝐾550 = 𝐾2200
Soap 2 units 2 × 𝐾100 = 𝐾200
Bananas 15 bananas 15 × 𝐾200
= 𝐾1000
3
Mrs. Tembo’s budget is K2200 + K200 + K1000 = K3400

2021 – 10. A business lady mixed 8 bags of red beans costing K600 per kg with y bags of white beans
costing K450 per kg. Given that the mixture costs K550 per Kg, calculate the value of y. (5 marks).
(8 × 600) + (𝑦 × 450) = (8 + 𝑦)550
4800 + 450𝑦 = 4400 + 550𝑦
450𝑦 − 550𝑦 = 4400 − 4800
−100𝑦 = −400
𝑦=4
2012-11.
b. A cylinder of internal diameter 14 cm and height 10 cm is filled with a fluid of mass 3080g.
22
Calculate the density of the fluid. (Take 𝜋 = 7 ). (4 marks).

2011-7.
A bottle weighs 77 g when empty, 101 g when full of water and 107 g when full of glycerine.
Find the relative density of glycerine. (4 marks).
101g − 77g = 24g is the mass of the water.
107g − 77g = 30g is the mass of the glycerin.
The relative density of the glycerin is

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2010-13.
A rectangular tank of volume 1800cm3 is filled with fuel. Given that the density of fuel is 0.7g/cm3,
calculate the mass of fuel in the tank. (3 marks)
Mass = volume × density = 1800cm3 × 0.7g/cm3 = 1260g
2008-4.
A mathematical instrument box has a mass of 273 g. If its relative density is 2.1, calculate the volume
of the mathematical instrument box. (4 marks)
Relative density = Mass of substance/Volume of substance
Volume of mathematical instrument box: 𝑥 𝑐𝑚3

∴130cm3…Answer
2007-10.
2 kg of white sugar costing K200 was mixed with 3 kg of brown sugar costing K270.
Calculate the cost of the mixture per kg. (4 marks).
White sugar cost + Brown sugar cost = K200 + K270 = K470
Total amount of sugar = 3kg + 2kg
𝐾470
The cost of the mixture per kg= 5𝑘𝑔 = 𝐾94/𝑘𝑔
2005-13.
A bottle weighs 20 g when empty, 55 g when full of petrol and 70 g when full of water.
Calculate the relative density of petrol. (4 marks).
The weight of petrol = 55 − 20 = 35g
The weight of water = 70 − 20 = 50g
Relative density = 35g/50g = 0.7
2003-15.
A container Weighs 105 g when empty, 645 g When full of water and 915 g When full of liquid H.
Calculate the density of liquid H. (5 marks)
The volume of the container = 645 – 105 = 540cm3
The mass of liquid H = (915 – 105) g = 810g
810𝑔
Density of liquid H = 540𝑐𝑚3 = 1.5𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
SECTION B

2011-17.
b. The Volume of a cylinder is 385 cm3. Given that its diameter is 7 cm, calculate the height of the
22
cylinder. (Take 𝜋 = 7 ). (3 marks).

Let the height of the cylinder be 𝑥.

Volume of cylinder = 𝜋r2l

10
∴ The height is 10cm …Answer

2010-19.
b. In what ratio must white beans costing K146 per kg be mixed with red beans costing K170 per kg
in order for the mixture to cost K152 per kg? (4 marks).
Let quantity of white beans be 𝑥 and that of red beans be 𝑦
(146 × x) + (170 × y) = (x + y)152 ⟹ 146x + 170y = 152x + 152y
18y 6x y 3
170y − 152y = 152x − 146x ⟹ = ⟹ =
6 6 x 1
The ratio of white beans to red is 3: 1

6 PROPORTIONS
SECTION A
2011-10.
a. A family of four members has enough food for 30 days. If 2 visitors join them, how long would the
food last? (3 marks)

2009-10.
b. In a discount shop the price of an item was reduced from K700 to K616. Calculate the discount
percentage. (2 marks)
(𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒) 700 − 616 84
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 % = × 100% = × 100% = × 100%
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 700 700
= 12%
2008-14.
Figure 2 is a bar graph showing ways in which a person spends his/her monthly salary.

11
If the person’s monthly salary is K38000, calculate the monthly expenditure on food. (4 marks)
Expenditure on food is 30 % so multiply
monthly salary by 30 %.

= K11400…Answer
2007-11.
At a school 60% of the pupils are girls. If there are 48 girls, calculate the total number of pupils at the
school. (5 marks)
Let the total number of pupils at the school be 𝑥.

answer

2006-6.
A drum can hold 25 l of water. Calculate the number of bottles which can be used to fill the drum if
each bottle can contain 500 ml of Water. (3 marks)
25 litres = 25000ml

The number of bottles which can be used to fill the drum is

2005-6.
A family of 6 people uses 30 kg of flour in a month. If two visitors joined them for a month,
how many kilograms of flour would be required for that month? (3 marks)
30kg ÷ 6 people = 5 kg⁄person
5 kg⁄person × (6 + 2) people = 40kg…Answer

12
2004-7. Figure 1 is a pie chart showing proportions of votes for candidates A, B and C.

Calculate the percentage of the votes that were for candidate C. (5 marks)
Let 𝑥 be the angle represented by the sector C.
70° + 140° + 𝑥 = 360°
𝑥 = 150°

SECTION B
2005-18.
a. Chimwemwe and Chikondi share K540 so that Chikondi has K80 more than Chimwemwe. Find
their shares. (6 marks)
Let the share of Chimwemwe = 𝑥
then the share of Chikondi = 𝑥 + 80
𝑥 + (𝑥 + 80) = 540⟹𝑥 = 230
The share of Chimwemwe is K230.
The share of Chikondi is K230 + K80 = K310.…Answer

7 PROBABILITY
SECTION A
2021 – 7. A box contains 10 red pens, 15 black pens and 5 green pens. Calculate the probability of
picking a red pen at random. (3 marks)
𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 10 10 1
𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑) = = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 10 + 15 + 5 30 3
2013 – 5
A classroom discussion group of Chisomo, Jala, Kaligo, Sentiya, Sella, Bulla, Sophia, Kant and
Sikenala. A student is chosen at random to make presentation. Find the probability that the student’s
name starts with letter S.

13
 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 4
𝑃(𝑆) = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 9
2012-8.
a. A die has its six faces marked 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6.
If it 1 is thrown once, find the probability that it will show a 6. (2 marks)
Favourable outcome 𝟐 𝟏
𝑷(𝟔) = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆 = 𝟔 = 𝟑
2011-14.
a. The letters of a word ABSTINENCE are written on identical pieces of paper and then put in a bag.
If one piece of paper is picked at random, find the probability that it has a letter N. (3 marks)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑁 2 1
𝑃(𝑃𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑁) = = = 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 10 5
2010-6.
A learner has 6 red counters and 9 blue counters in a pocket.
If one counter is picked at random, find the probability that it is a blue counter. (3 marks)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 9 9 3
𝑃(𝑃𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠) = = = =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 6 + 9 15 3
2009-7.
A box contains 20 white beans, 30 black beans and 10 red beans.
Calculate the probability of picking a white bean. (3 marks)
20 20 1
𝑃(𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠) = 𝑃(𝑃𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑛) = = = 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
20 + 30 + 10 60 3
2007-6.
Find the probability of choosing the letter A from the Word NYALA. (3 marks)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐴 2
𝑃(𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐴) = = 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 5
2003-5.
b. In order to decide which team begins playing football, a referee tosses a coin once.
If team A chooses head, what is the probability that team B begins playing? (2 marks)
The probability of choosing tail 1⁄2… Answer

8 STATISTICS
SECTION A
2010-5.
The table below shows marks for 5 students A, B, C, D and E in a test.

Students A B C D E
Marks 7 11 6 7 9
Find the mean mark. (3 marks)

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2009-2.
The mean mass of 3 packets of sugar is 400 g. If the mass of 2 packets is 900 g, calculate the mass of
the third packet. (3 marks)
mean = sum of values ÷ number of values
sum of values = mean × number of values
sum of values = 400 × 3 = 1200
the mass of the third packet
= 1200 − 900 = 300g…Answer
2006-5.
a. Given the following list of numbers:
4, 1, 4, 2, 3, 7, 4, 3.
Calculate the median. (3 marks)

2005-4.
b. Figure 1 is a bar graph showing the number of textbooks according to subjects in a certain
classroom.

10

6
No of
Books 4

Subject

15
Calculate the total number of books in the classroom. (3 marks)
2 + 1 + 6 + 10 + 6 = 25…Answer

SECTION B
2012-17.
Table 1 shows the number of pupils and the months they were born.
Table 1
Month of Birth May June July August
Number of Pupils 5 6 9 4
Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 2 units on the vertical axis, draw a bar chart to represent the
information. (3 marks)

2011-17.
a. Figure 5 is a pie chart of students who play different games.

If the total number of students is 60, calculate the number of students who play football. (5 marks)

2008-19.
a. The ages of five people are 15, 20, 12, 10 and K. If their mean age is 14, calculate the age

16
represented by K. (3 marks)

2007-18.
a. The following are marks of 15 students:
6 8 7 6 9
9 6 8 7 10
7 7 9 9 9
Draw a bar chart on the graph paper provided to represent this information. (5 marks)

9 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Section A
3
2021 – 1. Given that 𝑝 = −1, 𝑟 = 2 and 𝑡 = 4, evaluate 𝑝𝑟𝑡 − 4 𝑡𝑟. (3 marks)
3
(−1)(2)(4) − (4)(2) = −8 − 6 = −14
4
𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 −2b. Simplify −2[(3𝑦 − 2𝑥)(𝑦 + 6𝑥)]. (3 marks)
−2(3𝑦 2 + 18𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥 2 ) = −6𝑦 2 − 32𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 2
1 𝑎
𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 − 𝟒. Make r subject of the formula 3 = 𝑏−𝑥𝑟. (3 marks)
3𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 3𝑎
3𝑎 = 𝑏 − 𝑥𝑟 ⟺ −𝑥𝑟 = 3𝑎 − 𝑏 ⟺ 𝑟 = ⟺𝑟=
−𝑥 𝑥
𝒕
2013 – 9a Make t subject of the formula 𝒎 = 𝒃 − 𝒄 (3 marks)
𝑚𝑏 = 𝑡 − 𝑐𝑚 ⟺ 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑏 − 𝑐𝑚
2013 – 13. Factorise completely 𝑚3 − 𝑚 (3 marks)

17
 𝑚(𝑚2 − 1) = 𝑚[(𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 − 1)]
2012-3. Given that 𝑒 = 4, 𝑓 = −2 and 𝑔 = −5, find the value of 2𝑒 − 𝑓 + 𝑔. (3 marks)
(2 × 4) − (−2) + (−5) = 8 + 2 − 5 = 5
2012-5. Find the LCM of 30ef, 10e2f and 5f2. (3 marks)
30ef = 2 × 3 × 5 × e × f
10e2f = 2 × 5 × e × e × f
5f 2 = 5 × f × f
LCM = 2 × 3 × 5 × e × e × f × f
= 30e2f 2…Answer
2012-14. a. Make r the subject of the formula 𝑳 = 𝒓𝒂 + 𝒏 (3 marks)
𝐿 − 𝑛 𝑟𝑎 𝑙−𝑛
𝐿 − 𝑛 = 𝑟𝑎 ⟹ = ⟹𝑟= 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
2011-1. Simplify 2𝑘 − 7𝑓 − 4(2𝑘 − 3𝑓). (3 marks)
2𝑘 − 7𝑓 − 8𝑘 + 12𝑓 = 2𝑘 − 8𝑘 + 12𝑓 − 7𝑓 = 5𝑓 − 6𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟
2011-5. Find the HCF of 4ar2, 6a2br and 8ac2r. (3 marks)
4𝑎𝑟2 = 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑟 × 𝑟
6𝑎2𝑏𝑟 = 2 × 3 × 𝑎 × 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑟
8𝑎𝑐2𝑟 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑐 × 𝑐 × 𝑟
∴ HCF = 2 × 𝑎 × 𝑟 = 2𝑎𝑟…Answer
2010-1. Given that 𝑎 = −2, and 𝑏 = 5, find the value of 𝑎2 − 𝑏. (3 marks)
(−2)2 − 5 = 4 − 5 = −1
2010-7. a. Simplify (3 marks)
2(𝑐−2) 2
= 𝑐+2
(𝑐−2)(𝑐+2)

2009-1. Given that 𝑝 = −1, 𝑡 = −2 and 𝑟 = 4, find the value of (3 marks)

2(−1)(4) −8
= =4
−2 −2
2009-4. b. Make g the subject of the formula h = 𝑘 − (g + 𝑒). (3 marks)
ℎ =𝑘−𝑔−𝑒 ⟹ 𝑔 =ℎ+𝑒−𝑘
2009-14. a. Simplify 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − (−𝑥) − 4𝑦. (2 marks)
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦
2008-9. Factorise completely 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑚 − 𝑘𝑧 + 𝑚𝑧. (4 marks)
(𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑚) − (𝑘𝑧 + 𝑚𝑧) ⟹ 𝑥(𝑘 − 𝑚) − 𝑧(𝑘 − 𝑚) ⟹ (𝑥 − 𝑧)(𝑘 − 𝑚)
2008-11. Simplify (4 marks)
4𝑥 5 4𝑥 5 𝑥
× = × =
5 4𝑥 − 4 5 4(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 − 1
2007-3. Given that 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 4, find the value of (3 marks)
2+4 6
= = −3
2 − 4 −2
2007-4. Find the L.C.M. of 2𝑥, 12𝑥𝑦 and 18𝑥2𝑦. (4 marks)
2𝑥 = 2 × 𝑥
12𝑥𝑦 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
18𝑥2𝑦 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦

18
∴ L. C. M. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦
= 36𝑥2𝑦 … Answer
2006-3. Factorise 𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑦. (2 marks)
𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)
2005-1. If a = 3, b = 4, c = −2, calculate the value of 2b − ac. (3 marks)
(2 × 4) − (3 × −2) = 8 + 6 = 14
2005-15. a. Expand −5(2𝑝 − 3𝑞). (3 marks)
−10𝑝 + 15𝑞 = 15𝑞 − 10𝑝
2004-2. Expand (3𝑑 − 2)2 and simplify your answer. (4 marks)
(3𝑑 − 2)(3𝑑 − 2) = (3𝑑 × 3𝑑 + 3𝑑 × −2 − 2 × 3𝑑 − 2 × −2) = 9𝑑 2 − 12𝑑 + 4
2004-3. Find the HCF of 33𝑥2𝑦𝑧 and 32𝑥𝑧3. (3 marks)
33𝑥2𝑦𝑧 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑥 × 𝑦 × 𝑧
32𝑥𝑧3 = 3 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑧 × 𝑧 × 𝑧
∴ HCF = 3 × 3 × 𝑥 × 𝑧
= 32𝑥𝑧…Answer
2004-4. Express as a single fraction in its simplest form. (4 marks)
2 3 2(𝑥 − 2) − 3𝑥 2𝑥 − 4 − 3𝑥 −𝑥 − 4 −𝑥 − 4
− = = = = 2
𝑥 𝑥−2 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 − 2𝑥
2004-11. Evaluate a (b + c) when a = 4, b = −2 and c = −3. (3 marks)
4(−2 − 3) = 4(−5) = −20
2003-2. b. Factorise 4 − 𝑥 2 . (2 marks)
22 − 𝑥 2 = (2 + 𝑥)(2 − 𝑥)
2003-5. a. Find the HCF of the following terms: 4 m2, 6 mn2 and 10 mn. (3 marks)
4𝑚2 = 2 × 2 × 𝑚 × 𝑚
6𝑚𝑛2 = 2 × 3 × 𝑚 × 𝑛 × 𝑛
10𝑚𝑛 = 2 × 5 × 𝑚 × 𝑛
The HCF is 2 × 𝑚 × 𝑛 = 2𝑚𝑛…Answer
2003-6. If 𝑥 = −5, 𝑦 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 = 2, find the value of (3 marks)
3𝑥𝑦 2 3(−5)(−2)2 −60
= = = −15
2𝑚 2(2) 4
2003-13. b. Expand (2𝑏 + 4) (𝑑 − 3𝑏𝑑) and give your answer in the simplest form. (3 marks)
2𝑏 × 𝑑 + 2𝑏 × −3𝑏𝑑 + 4 × 𝑑 + 4 × −3𝑏𝑑 ⟺ 2𝑏𝑑 − 6𝑏 2 𝑑 + 4𝑑 − 12𝑏𝑑 ⟺ −10𝑏𝑑 − 6𝑏 2 𝑑 + 4𝑑
10 LINEAR EQUATIONS
SECTION A
2013– 14b. Given the equation 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1, find
(i) 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡
At 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑥 = 0, ∴ 2(0) − 𝑦 = −1 ⟺ −𝑦 = −1 ⟺ 𝑦 = 1
(ii) Gradient of the equation
−𝑦 = −1 − 2𝑥 ⟺ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
∴𝑚=2

19
2012-8.
b. Solve the equation (4 marks)
𝑝+1 3 1
× 5 + 𝑝 × 5 = × 5 ⟺ 𝑝 + 1 + 5𝑝 = 3 ⟹ 6𝑝 + 1 = 3 ⟹ 6𝑝 = 2 ⟹ 𝑝 =
5 5 3
2011-2.
Solve the equation (4 marks)
2
= 2 ⟺ 2 = 2(𝑟 − 2) ⟺ 2 = 2𝑟 − 4 ⟺ 2𝑟 = 6 ⟺ 𝑟 = 3
𝑟−2
2011-8.
A farmer has 50 bags of maize. He sells (𝑎 + 5) bags and shares (2𝑎 − 3) bags. If he has 30 bags
remaining, form an equation in 𝑎 and solve it. (4 marks)
50 = (𝑎 + 5) + (2𝑎 − 3) + 30 ⟺ 50 = 𝑎 + 2𝑎 + 5 − 3 + 30 ⟺ 3𝑎 + 32 = 50 ⟺ 3𝑎 = 18
𝑎=6
2009-15.
The width of a rectangular wire fence is 4 metres shorter than the length. If the total length of the wire
used is 36 metres. Calculate the width of the fence. (5 marks)
Let the width of the fence be W.
Let the length of the fence be L.
𝑊 = 𝐿 – 4, 𝐿 = 𝑊 + 4
perimeter = 2(𝑊 + 𝐿)
∴ 36 = 2×𝑊 + (𝑊 + 4) +
(substitute perimeter = 36 and 𝐿 = 𝑊 + 4)
36 = 2(2𝑊 + 4)
36 = 4𝑊 + 8
−4𝑊 = −28
𝑊=7
the width of the fence=7metres …Answer
2008-12.
Given an equation 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 8. Find:
(i) y−intercept
(ii) gradient of the equation (3 marks)
−𝑦 = 8 − 5𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 8
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
(i) 𝑚 = 5𝑥
(ii) 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = −8
2005-4.
a. Solve the equation (4 marks)
5𝑚 = 3(𝑚 − 2) ⟺ 5𝑚 = 3𝑚 − 6 ⟺ 2𝑚 = −6 ⟺ 𝑚 = −3
SECTION B

2010-20.
a. Solve the equation (4 marks)

20
 2(𝑟 + 2) − 3 5
= 1 ⟺ 2𝑟 + 4 − 3 = 6 ⟺ 2𝑟 + 1 = 6 ⟺ 2𝑟 = 5 ⟺ 𝑟 =
6 2
2007-20.
a. Figure 5 shows a triangle ABC in which 𝐀𝐁 = (𝑥 + 2) om, 𝐁𝐂 = (𝑥 + 9) cm and 𝐀𝐂 = (𝑥 − 7) cm.

If the perimeter of the triangle is 55 cm, calculate the value of 𝑥.

(𝑥 + 2)𝑐𝑚 + (𝑥 − 7)𝑐𝑚 + (𝑥 + 9)𝑐𝑚 = 55𝑐𝑚
(3𝑥 + 2 − 7 + 9)𝑐𝑚 = 55𝑐𝑚
(3𝑥 + 4)𝑐𝑚 = 55𝑐𝑚
3𝑥 = (55 − 4)𝑐𝑚
3𝑥 = 51𝑐𝑚 ⟺ 𝑥 = 17𝑐𝑚

11 INEQUALITIES
SECTION A
𝑦+28
2021 – 16 Solve the following inequality ≤ 16 and present the answer on a number line. (5
2
marks)
𝒚 + 𝟐𝟖 ≤ 𝟑𝟐 ⟺ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟑𝟐 − 𝟐𝟖 ⟺ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒

2013 – 12a. Solve the inequality 2𝑝 − 17 < 5𝑝 − 2

2𝑝 − 5𝑝 < −2 + 17
15
−3𝑝 < 15 ⟺ 𝑝 > ⟺∴ 𝑝 > −5
−3
2012-2.
Figure 1 shows a number line where a graph of values of x are indicated.

21
Write down an inequality in x describing the graph. (3 marks)
𝑥 ≥ 3…Answer
2011-4.
Solve the inequality 𝑏 + 1 ≥ 13 − 3𝑏. (3 marks)
𝑏 + 1 ≥ 13 − 3𝑏
4𝑏 ≥ 12
𝑏 ≥ 3…Answer
2010-3.
In a competition, team A scores n and team B scores (𝑛 + 5) goals. If the total number of goals
scored by teams A and B is less than 15, write down an inequality in n and solve it. (3 marks)
𝑛 + (𝑛 + 5) < 15
2𝑛 < 15 − 5
2𝑛 < 10
∴ 𝑛 < 5…Answer
2009-8.
Solve the inequality 4𝑦 − 1 > 𝑦 + 11. (3 marks)
4𝑦 − 1 > 𝑦 + 11
4𝑦 − 𝑦 > 11 + 1
3𝑦 > 12
𝑦 > 4…Answer

2007-7.
Solve the inequality 2𝑥 + 10 ≤ 4. (3 marks)
2𝑥 + 10 ≤ 4
2𝑥 ≤ −6
𝑥 ≤ −3…Answer.
2006-5.
b. A student spent (8y + 40) kwacha on biscuits and 2y kwacha on sweets. If the total amount of
money spent was less than K80, formulate an inequality from this information. (3 marks)
(8𝑦 + 40) + 2𝑦 < 80
10𝑦 + 40 < 80
10𝑦 < 40
𝑦 < 4 … Answer
2005-5.
Solve the inequality 4𝑥 − 2 > 𝑥 + 4. (4 marks)
4𝑥 − 2 > 𝑥 + 4
3𝑥 > 6
𝑥 > 2…Answer
2004-6.
Solve the inequality (4 marks)
−𝒙 < 𝟓 − 𝟑 ⟺ −𝒙 < 𝟐 ⟺ 𝒙 > −𝟐
2003-7.
Solve the inequality (3 marks)

22
3𝑚 − 4 − 2𝑚 𝑚−4
≤0⟺ ≤0⟹𝑚−4≤0⟺𝑚 ≤4
6 6
12 LINEAR SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
SECTION A
2012-15. 3𝑥− 𝑦 = 5 (4 marks)
a. Solve the following simultaneous equations:
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 11 𝑦 − 𝑥 = −1 (1)
5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 22 (5 marks) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 (2)
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 11 (× 4) 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 − 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1
5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 22 (× 3) substitute 𝑥 − 1 for y
4𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 44 3𝑥 − (𝑥 − 1) = 5
−)15𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 66 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = 5
−11𝑥 = −22 𝑥=2
𝑥=2 Substitute 2 for x
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 11 𝑦 − 2 = −1
2 + 3𝑦 = 11 𝑦=1
3𝑦 = 11 − 2 ∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1 …Answer
3𝑦 = 9
𝑦=3 2003-14.
∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3 …Answer Solve the simultaneous equations:
2008-15. 𝑥+𝑦=3
The graphs for 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 𝑥−2𝑦 = (5 marks)
intersect at a point R. Without plotting the 7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 (1)
graphs, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 9 (2)
calculate the coordinates of point R. (5 marks) From 7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3, 𝑦 = 3 − 7𝑥
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 ⋯ (a) Substitute 3 − 7𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 ⋯ (b) 𝑥 − 2(3 − 7𝑥) = 9
Multiply equation (b) by 2 𝑥 − 6 + 14𝑥 = 9
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 10 ⋯ (c) 𝑥=1
Now subtract (a) from (c) Substitute 1 for x into equation 1
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 10 ⋯ (c) 7+𝑦=3
−) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 ⋯ (a) 𝑦 = −4
5𝑦 = 5 ∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = −4 …Answer
𝑦=1
substitute 𝑦 = 1 in (b) SECTION B
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 2010-17.
𝑥+3×1=5 Solve the following simultaneous equations:
𝑥+3=5 2𝑚−𝑛 = 4
𝑥=2 2𝑚−3𝑛 = −4 (5 marks)
∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1 …Answer
2004-9. 2𝑚 − 𝑛 = 4 ⋯ (i)
Solve the simultaneous equations: 2𝑚 + 3𝑛 = −4 ⋯ (ii)
𝑦−𝑥 = −1 Rearrange (i)
2𝑚 = 4 + 𝑛 ⋯ (iii)

23
 Substitute (iii) for (ii) M = 31 − 5 × 5
(4 + 𝑛) + 3𝑛 = −4 M = 31 − 25
4𝑛 = −8 M=6
𝑛 = −2 ⋯ (i) ∴ banana K5, mango K6 …Answer
Substitute (iv) for (i) 2006-18.
2𝑚 − (−2) = 4 A bag contains 29 coins in which. some are 5
2𝑚 = 2 tambala coins and others are 2 tambala coins.
𝑚=1 Let the
∴ 𝑚 = 1 a d 𝑛 = −2…Answer number of 5 tambala coins be x and the number
of 2 tambala coins be y.
2009-17. a. Write down an equation involving x and y.
b. The cost of two bananas and three mangoes (1 mark)
is K28, and five bananas and one mango is 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 29
K31. b. If the total amount of money in the bag is
Calculate the cost of each banana and each 100 tambala, write down another equation
mango. (7 marks) involving x
Let the cost of each banana be B. and y. (3 marks)
Let the cost of each mango be M. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100
B + B + M + M + M = 28 c. By solving the equations, find the number of
(two bananas and three mangoes is K28) coins of each type of coins. (2 marks)
∴ 2B + 3M = 28 ⋯ (1) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 29 (1)
B + B + B + B + B + M = 31 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100 (2)
(five bananas and one mango is M31)
From equation 1, 𝑦 = 29 − 𝑥 (3)
∴ 5B + M = 31 ⋯ (2)
Substitute 29 − 𝑥 for y into equation (2)
M = 31 − 5B ⋯ (3)
substitute (3) to (1) 5𝑥 + 2(29 − 𝑥) = 100
2B + 3 × (31 − 5B) = 28 5𝑥 + 58 − 2𝑥 = 100
2B + 93 − 15B = 28 3𝑥 = 42
2B − 15 = 28 − 93 𝑥 = 14
−13B = −65 Substitute 14 for 𝑥 into equation (3)
B=5 𝑦 = 29 − 14 = 15
M = 31 − 5B Thus 𝑥 = 14 a d 𝑦 = 15 …Answer

13 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SECTION A
2
2021 – 6. Solve the equation 18𝑟 − 8 = 0. (6 marks)
18 2 8 0
𝑟 − = = 9𝑟 2 − 4 = 0 = 32 𝑟 2 − 22 = 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 (3𝑟 + 2) = 0 𝑜𝑟 3𝑟 − 2 = 0
2 2 2
2 2
∴ 𝑟 = − 𝑜𝑟 𝑟 =
3 3
2013 – 9b. Solve the equation 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 28 (5 marks)
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 28 ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 28 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) − 7(𝑥 + 4)
𝐸𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑥 − 7 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 7 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4

24
2012-10.
A boy is 2 years younger than his sister. The product of their ages is 35. If the age of the boy is x
years, find the value of x. (6 marks)
Age of the boy is 𝑥 and age of the sister is 𝑥 + 2
The product of their ages is 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 35
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 35 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 35 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 35 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 − 5) + 7(𝑥 − 5)
=0
(𝒙 − 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟕) = 𝟎 ⟺∴ 𝒙 = 𝟓
2011-10.
b. Solve the equation 𝑘2 = 10𝑘 − 25 (4 marks)
𝑘 2 − 10𝑘 + 25 = 0 ⟺ 𝑘 2 − 5𝑘 − 5𝑘 + 25 = 0 ⇔ 𝑘(𝑘 − 5) − 5(𝑘 − 5) = 0 ⟺ (𝑘 − 5)(𝑘 − 5)
= 0 ⟺∴ 𝑘 = 5
2010-14.
Solve the equation 𝑡2 + 7𝑡 + 10 = 0. (4 marks)
𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 5𝑡 + 10 = 0 ⟺ 𝑡(𝑡 + 2) + 5(𝑡 + 2) = 0 ⟺ (𝑡 + 5)(𝑡 + 2) = 0
𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡 + 5 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 + 2 = 0 ⟺ 𝑡 = −5 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 = −2
2009-13.
Factorise 2𝑓2 − 2 completely. (3 marks)
2(𝑓 2 − 1) ⟺ 2(𝑓 2 − 12 ) ⟺ 2[(𝑓 − 1)(𝑓 + 1)]
2006-14.
A woman is x2 years old while her son is x years old. If the sum of their ages is 42, calculate the age of
the woman. (7 marks)
Age of a woman is x2 and the age of a son is x
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 42 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 42 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 42 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 − 6) + 7(𝑥 − 6) = 0
(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 7) = 0 ⟺ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 7 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −7 ⟺∴ 𝑥 = 6
The age of a woman is 𝑥 2 = 62 = 36
SECTION B
2009-18.
b. Solve the equation 𝑦2 + 4𝑦 − 32 = 0. (4 marks)
𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 32 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 8𝑦 − 32 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦(𝑦 − 4) + 8(𝑦 − 4) = 0 ⟺ (𝑦 + 8)(𝑦 − 4)
⟺ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑦 + 8 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 − 4 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 = −8 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 4
2007-20.

a. Solve the equation (5 marks)

4
− 4𝑡 2 = 0 ⟺ 4 − 36𝑡 2 = 0 ⟺ 22 − 62 𝑡 2 = 0 ⟺ (2 + 6𝑡)(2 − 6𝑡) = 0 ⟺ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 2 + 6𝑡
9
1 1
= 0 𝑜𝑟 2 − 6𝑡 = 0 ⟺∴ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡 = − 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 =
3 3
2006-16.

25
Solve the equation (8 marks)
2 1 1 2(𝑚 + 2) − 1(𝑚) 1 2𝑚 + 4 − 𝑚 1
− = ⟺ = ⟺ = ⟺ 𝑚2 + 2𝑚 = 3(𝑚 + 4)
𝑚 𝑚+2 3 𝑚(𝑚 + 2) 3 𝑚(𝑚 + 2) 3
⟺ 𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 3𝑚 − 12 = 0 ⟺ 𝑚 − 𝑚 − 12 = 0 ⟺ 𝑚2 + 3𝑚 − 4𝑚 − 12 = 0
2 2

⟺ 𝑚(𝑚 + 3) − 4(𝑚 + 3) = 0 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚 − 4 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 + 3 = 0 ⟺∴ 𝑚 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑚

= −3
2005-18.
b. Figure 8 shows an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB=AC.

If 𝐀𝐁 = (𝑥 + 20) cm and 𝐀𝐂 = 𝑥2 cm, calculate the value of 𝑥. (6 marks)

𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 20 ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 20 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) − 5(𝑥 + 4) = 0
⟺ (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 ⟺ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4
2004-18.
Figure 6 shows a rectangle ABCD with AB = (x + 2) cm and BC = x cm.

If the area of the rectangle is 63 cm2, calculate the width of the rectangle. (7 marks)
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 63 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 63 ⟺ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 63 = 0 ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 63 = 0
⟺ 𝑥(𝑥 − 7) + 9(𝑥 − 7) = 0 ⟺ (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 7) = 0 ⟺ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 7
= 0 ⟺∴ 𝑥 = −9 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 7
2003-16.
Mavuto is, 12 years younger than his sister. The product of their ages is 108. How old is Mavuto?
(8 marks).
Let the age of Mavuto be y and that of his sister be 𝑦 + 12

26
 𝑦(𝑦 + 12) = 108 ⟺ 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 − 108 = 0 ⟺ 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 18𝑦 − 108 = 0
⟺ 𝑦(𝑦 − 6) + 18(𝑦 − 6) = 0 ⟺ (𝑦 − 6)(𝑦 + 18) = 0 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑦 − 6
= 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 + 18 = 0 ⟺∴ 𝑦 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = −18

14 COORDINATES
2006-7.
Figure 1 shows a board used for playing a game.

If the position of X is (8,11) find the position of Y. (2 marks)

(5, 1)
2004-14.
Figure 3 shows points Q and R on a plane.

27
Write down the co-ordinates of the points Q and R. (2 marks)
𝑄 (0,2) 𝑅 (−3, −4)

15 LINEAR GRAPH
SECTION A
2013 – 8 The table below shows values of x and y for the equation 𝑦 = 2 – 𝑥
x -3 0 2
y 5 2 0
a. Complete the table of values for the equation 𝑦 = 2 – 𝑥 (2 marks)
b. Using a scale of 2cm to represent 2 units on both axes, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2 – 𝑥

28
2012 – 12
Figure 4 shows a straight line graph AB.

Use the graph to find:

29
 a. y coordinate when 𝒙 = −𝟏 (1 mark)
 𝑦 = −3
b. the gradient of the line AB. (3 marks)

2010-10.
b. The line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 has gradient 3 and passes through the point (1, 4). Find the value of c.
(3 marks)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑐
Substitute the point (1, 4)
4=3×1+𝑐
4−3=𝑐
∴ 𝑐 = 1…Answer
2006-12.
a. Figure 3 shows a graph of a straight line AB which is parallel to the x-axis.

Find the equation of the line AB. (2 marks)

a. 𝑦 = 3 (−2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3)
2005-9.
Figure 3 is a straight line graph which was drawn using a table of values.

30
 𝑥 −3 0 3

𝑦 0 3 6

Using the graph, copy and complete the table of values of 𝑥 and 𝑦. (3 marks)

SECTION B
2011-18.
a. Complete the table of values for 𝑦 = 5 − 3𝑥. (1 mark)
𝑦 = 5 − 3 × 2 = 5 − 6 = −1…Answer
b. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 – 𝟓

𝒙 -1 0 5

𝒚 -7 -5 5

Y= 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒙

𝒙 0 2 5

𝒚 5 -10

b. Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 2 units on the
vertical axis, draw the graphs of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5 and 𝑦 = 5 − 3𝑥. (4 marks)

31
 c. Using the graphs in (b), solve the simultaneous equations
𝑦 = 5 − 3𝑥
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5 (4 marks)
c. 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1

2009-16.
Table 2 shows the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 for the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3.
Table 1
𝑥 0 1 2

𝑦 -3 -1 -1
a. Copy and complete the table. (2 marks)
b. Using a scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3. (4 marks)

32
2005-20.
a. Copy and complete the table of values for 𝑦 = 5 − 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4.
𝒚 = 𝟓 − 𝟐𝒙

𝑥 −1 2 5

𝑦 7 1 −5

Y=𝒙 −4𝟒

𝑥 −1 2 5

𝑦 −5 −2 1

b. Using a scale of 2 cm to represent l unit on the 𝑥-axis and 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the 𝑦-axis,
draw on the same axes, the graphs of 𝑦 = 5 − 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. (6 marks)

33
 d. Use the graph to solve the simultaneous equations: 𝑦 = 5 − 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. (2 marks)
On the graph, the line 𝑦 = 5 − 2𝑥 and
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 meet at the point (3, -1).
∴ 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −1…Answer

16 TRAVEL GRAPH
SECTION A
2012-4.
A minibus uses l0 litres of fuel in 70km. Calculate the distance it would cover with 7 litres of fuel. (3
marks)

SECTION B
2010-16.
A cyclist left point A at 6:30 am for point C, which is 20 km away. At 7:00 am he stopped at point B
for hours having covered a distance of 12 km. He then continued at a speed of 16 km/h.
a. Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 4 km on the vertical axis and 2 cm to represent 30 minutes
on the horizontal axis, draw the distance-time graph for the cyclist. (5 marks)

34
 b. Using your graph, find the time taken for the cyclist to reach his destination. (3 marks)
 2.5hours
2008-20.
A minibus left city H for city Z, 200 km away, at 12:00 noon at a speed of 50 km/h. After traveling for
2 hours, there was a breakdown which took 1 hour to be repaired. The journey then continued at a
constant speed arriving at city Z at 17:30 hours.
a. Using a scale of 2 cm to present 1 hour on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 25 km on
the vertical axis, draw a distance−time graph of the minibus. (5 marks).

35
b. How far from city H is the minibus at 16:54 hours. (1 mark)

Subtract breakdown time from arriving.

16:54 − 15:00 = 1:54 (1 hour and 54 minutes)
So distance is
Therefore, 100 km + 76 km = 176km…Answer

c. Calculate the speed of the minibus after the breakdown. (4 marks).

36
2007-17.
a. Figure 3 shows a graph ABCD of Mr. Phiri’s journey,

(i) How far is B from A? (1 mark)

 60km
(ii) Calculate the average speed of Mr. Phiri’s journey from C to D. (3 marks)

2006-20.
Train A leaves station P at 6.00 am and travels at a Constant speed of 20 km per hour to station Q
which is 250 km away. Train B leaves station Q at 11.30 am for station P at a constant speed of 50
km/hr.
a. Using a scale of 1 cm to represent l hour on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to represent 50 km on the
vertical axis, draw the graphs on the same axes to show the journeys of the two trains. (8 marks)

37
 b. At what time will the two trains meet? (2 marks)
 13.30pm
2004-19.
a. Figure 7 shows a graph of a car travelling from Lilongwe to Blantyre. The car stopped in Dedza for
some time.

(i) What distance did the car travel? (1 mark)

 300km
(ii) For how much time was the car in motion? (4 marks)
 30minutes

38
2003-20.
Figure 8 shows graphs of a car and a bus travelling between two cities X and Y.

Using the graphs, calculate the difference between the speed of the car and the speed of the bus.
(8 marks)

The difference = 40 − 30 = 10 km⁄h…Answer

17 SETS
2021 – 9
Figure 2 is a Venn diagram showing number
of elements for sets M and Q

39
 Using the given sets, copy the Venn diagram
and fill in the elements. (5 marks)
Given that 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑄) = 34, find 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑄) (4
marks)
𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑄) = 34 ⟺ 15 + 𝑏 + 9 = 34 ⟺ 𝑏
= 34 − 24 = 10
𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑄) = 10
2013 – 3
Given that set 𝑃 = {2, 3}, write all subsets of
the set. (4 marks)
{Φ}, {2}, {3}, {2,3}
2011-11.
Given that 2009-4. a. Figure 1 shows a Venn diagram
𝜉 = {fanta, coke. sprite, cherry plum, cocopina} containing crops grown on farms R and D.
A = {fanta, sprite} and B = {cocopina, cherry
plum}
a. Present the information using a Venn
diagram. (4 marks)

(i) Find the number of crops grown on farm D.

D = {Maize, Cassava, Soya, Rice, Sweet
potato, Sorghum, Millet}
the number of crops grown on farm D =
b. Find and state A ∩ B. (1 mark) 7…Answer
(ii) Write down crops grown on both farms. (3
 A∩B=Φ
marks)
2010-9. R∩D = {Maize, Cassava, Soya}
Given that ξ = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, X = crops grown on both farm = Maize,
(Prime numbers) and Z = (Odd numbers) Cassava, Soya…Answer

2008-3. Given that M and N are sets containing

fruits where
M = {tomato, pumpkin, mango, paw-paw,
peach}

40
N = {guava, tomato, banana, mango, paw-
paw}
Draw a Venn diagram to present this
information. (4 marks)

2003-13. a. Figure 5 shows a Venn diagram

illustrating the relationship between sets P and
Q.
2007-5. Given Set A = {2,3,4,5,6,7} and Set B
= {2,4,6,8} Find A ∩ B. (3 marks)
A ∩ B = {2,4,6}
2006-10. Given set A = {3, 4}, list any three
subsets of the set. (4 marks)
{3}, {4}, {3,4}, Φ…Answer
2005-8. Given that X and Y are sets containing
birds where
Set X = {njiwa, pumbwa, kakowa,
khwangwala}
Set Y = {nkhunda, timba, kakowa, kabawi, Write down:
njiwa, kadzidzi} (i) all the elements in P.
How many elements are in the union X and Y? P = {a, b, d, m, j}
(2 marks) (ii) P∩Q (2 marks)
𝑋 ∪ 𝑌 = {𝑛𝑗𝑖𝑤𝑎, 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑤𝑎, 𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑜𝑤𝑎, 𝑘ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑎, 𝑃 ∩ 𝑄 = {𝑏, 𝑚}
𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎, 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑎, 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑤𝑖, 𝑘𝑎𝑑𝑧𝑖𝑑𝑧𝑖}
N(X∪ 𝑌) = 8 …Answer
SECTION B
2004-10. Given that ε = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}
A = {4, 6, 8} 2012-18.
B = {3, 6, 9} b. Given that:
Draw Venn diagram to represent this P = {2,4,6,8}
Q = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
information. (4 marks)
List down elements in:
(i) P ∩ Q (2 marks)
P ∩ Q = {2, 4, 6}
(ii) P ∪ Q (2 marks)
P ∪ Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

18 VECTORS
2013 – 13b. Figure 3 shows a point A (2, 1) on a grid.

41
 𝟑
Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ( ), using the same grid, draw ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 . (4 marks)
−𝟐
⃗ −𝐴⟺( 3 )=𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ⃗ − (2) ⟺ 𝐵 ⃗ = ( 3 ) + (2) = ( 5 )
−2 1 −2 1 −1
2009-11.

Given that (3 marks)

2008-8.

Given that (4 marks)

𝑥
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑃𝑅
𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⟺ 𝑃𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑅𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⟺ ( ) = (6) − (1) = (6 − 1) = (5)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑅𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑃𝑄
𝑦 5 3 5−3 2
2006-9.
If A= (2,3) and B= (5, -2), find
(i)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = (5 − 2, −2 − 3) = (3, −5)
(ii) , hence show that (8 marks)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝟐 − 𝟓, 𝟑 − −𝟐) = (−𝟑, 𝟓)
𝑩𝑨
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑩𝑨
𝑨𝑩 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝟑, −𝟓) − (−𝟑, 𝟓) = (𝟑 − −𝟑, −𝟓 − 𝟓) = (𝟔, −𝟏𝟎)
𝟐𝑨𝑩 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝟐(𝟑, −𝟏𝟎) = (𝟔, −𝟏𝟎)
∴ 𝑨𝑩 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑩𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝟐𝑨𝑩
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ PROVED

42
2005-7.
In Figure 2, H and K are points on a vector drawn on a graph paper.

a. Find points H and K in column form.

b. Find the column vector of HK. (5 marks)

2003-9. Given that vector and vector , calculate (3 marks)

SECTION B
2012-18.

a. Given that and , find marks)

2 −1 2 −3 2 − −3 5
𝑎 − 3𝑏 = ( ) − 3 ( ) = ( ) − ( ) = ( )=( )
−3 2 −3 6 −3 − 6 −9
2011-19.
a. Given that and , find the value of a. (3 marks)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2 (−4) = (−8)
2𝐶𝐷
5 10
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −8 𝑎
But 2𝐶𝐷 𝐸𝐹 ⟺ ( ) = ( ) , ∴ 𝑎 = −8
10 10
2010-18.
a. Figure 4 shows vectors KL and LM.

43
 y
6

4
L M
2

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x

–2

K –4

Find . (3 marks)

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝟏 − −𝟏 𝟑−𝟏 𝟐+𝟐 𝟒

𝑲𝑳 𝑳𝑴 = ( )+( )=( )=( )
𝟐 − −𝟒 𝟐−𝟐 𝟔+𝟎 𝟔
2007 – 19

a. Vector and Vector . Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both and y axes, draw
the vectors and on the same axes. (4 marks)

𝑦
5

3 𝐵 𝐶

𝐴
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 𝑥

2004-19.

b. If using these vectors, show that (4 marks)

−3 2 −3 5
𝑎−( )=( )−( )=( )
1 4 1 3

44
 3 2 3 5
𝑏⃗ + ( ) = ( ) + ( ) = ( )
5 −2 5 3
−3 3
∴ 𝑎 − ( ) = 𝑏⃗ + ( )
1 5

19 LINE AND ANGLES

SECTION A
2021 – 8. In figure 1, MN is parallel to PR, angle QPR = 63° and angle MNP = 40°

Calculate the size of angle MPN. (4 marks)

∠MNP = ∠NPR (alternate ∠s)
∴ 𝑁𝑃𝑅 = 40°
∠QPR + ∠NPR + ∠RPM = 180°
∠MPN = 180° − 63° − 40° = 77°
2013 – 4
In Figure 1, AB is parallel to DFC and EBF is a straight line. Angle CBE = 104° and ABF = 40°

Calculate angle BCF (4 marks)

∠EBC + ∠FBC = 180(∠s in a straight line add up to 180°)
∴ ∠FBC = 180° − 104° = 76°
∠DFB +∠FBA = 180° (allied ∠s)
∠DFB = 180° − 40° = 140°
But ∠BFC +∠DFB =180° (∠s in a straight line)
∠BFC=180° – 140° = 40°

45
 ∠BCF = 180° – 40° – 76° =64°
2012-7.
In Figure 2, ABC is parallel to DEF and GH. Angle GHB = 125° and angle BEF = 105°.

Calculate angle DBE. (4 marks)

∠ABH + ∠GHB = 180° (allied angles, AB ∥ GH)
∠ABH + 125° = 180°
∠ABH = 180° − 125° = 55°
∠ABH + ∠DBE = ∠BEF (alternate angles, AC ∥ DF)
∠DBE + 55° = 105°
∠DBE = 105° − 55°
∠DBE = 50°…Answer
2010-2.
In Figure 1, straight lines AMC and DMB intersect at M, angle BMC = 130˚ and angle AMD = 5y˚.
A B

M
0
5y
0 130˚

D
C
Figure 1

Calculate the value of y˚. ( 2 marks)

5𝑦° = 130°
∴ 𝑦° = 26°…Answer
2008-5.
In Figure 1 WX and YZ are parallel lines. Angle WAB = 147° and angle CBZ = 62°.

46
Calculate the values of angles marked m and n. (5 marks)
n + 62° = 147° (alternate angle)
n = 147° − 62° = 85°…Answer
m = 180° − 62° = 118°…Answer (alternate angle or corresponding angle)
2007-1.
In Figure 1, ABC is a straight line.

Figure 1
If angle DBC = 80°, calculate the value of 𝑥. (3 marks)
𝑥 = 180° − 80° = 100° (straight line) …Answer
2006-8.
In Figure 2, AB, CD and EF are parallel to one another. Angle HIB =140° and angle GEF = 110°.

Calculate the angles labelled u and w. (7 marks).

∠DEF = 180° − 110° = 70° (straight line)
∴ 𝑢 = 70° (CD ∥ EF, alternate ∠s are equal)
∠BID = 180° − 140° = 40° (straight line)
∴ ∠IDC = 40° (AB ∥ CD, alternate ∠s are equal)
∴ 𝑤 = 180° − 𝑢 − ∠IDC = 180° − 70° − 40° = 70° (straight line)
∴ 𝑢 = 70°, 𝑤 = 70°…Answer
2003-8. In Figure3, angle ABF = 78°, angle ACE =2xo angle ECD = xo and BF is parallel to CE.

47
Calculate angle ACD. (4 marks)
∠𝐴𝐵𝐹 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 (corresponding angles)
78° = 2𝑥
𝑥 = 39°
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3𝑥 = 3 × 39° = 117°…Answer
SECTION B
2005-19.
a. In Figure 9, ABC is a straight line, angle ABH = 54°, angle HBK= 𝑥°, angle KBC= 2𝑥° and angle
BCP = 84°.

(i) Calculate the value of 𝑥.

∠ABH + ∠HBK + ∠KBC = 180° (straight line)
54° + 𝑥° + 2𝑥° = 180°
𝑥° = 42°
𝑥 = 42…Answer
(ii) Show that lines BK and PC are parallel. (7 marks)
∠KBC = 2𝑥 = 2 × 42° = 84°
∠KBC = ∠PCB
Since alternate angles are equal, BK ∥ PC.

20 REFLECTION AND ROTATIONS

SECTION A
2021 – 12. Figure 3 shows a rectangle WXYZ drawn on the graph paper.

48
Using 𝑥 = 1 as a mirror line, draw a reflection of the rectangle WXYZ.
2010-15.
Figure 3 shows line AB with coordinates A (2, 4) and B (4, 6) rotated through 90˚ angle clockwise to
line A´B´which has coordinates A´ (8, 2) and B´ (10, 0).

y B
6
A
4 A

2 B
x

a. Copy the figure on the graph paper provided. (2 marks)

b. Find the centre of rotation. (2 marks)
CA = CA′ and CB = CB′
∴ Centre of rotation is (4, 0) …Answer
2006-13. Figure 4 shows a nail AB and its image A'B'.

49
a. Copy the figure on the graph paper provided. (1 mark)
b. Draw the position of the mirror line. (2 marks)
2005-11.
Figure 4 is a diagram of an E-shaped object.

On the answer sheet provided, draw the object to show how it will appear after rotating it through an
angle of 270° anti-clockwise. (2 marks)

2004-15.
Figure 4 shows an arrow AB with coordinates A (1, 3) and B (4, 3).

50
If the arrow is rotated 90° clockwise about Point A, find the new coordinates of B. (3 marks)
(1,0)

SECTION B
2012-19. Figure 7 shows a quadrilateral ABCD on a graph paper

On the same graph paper, draw and label the reflection of the quadrilateral ABCD if the mirror line is
MN. (4 marks)

51
2009-18.
a. Figure 5 shows a triangle ABC on the Cartesian plane.

(i)Copy the figure on graph paper provided.

(ii) If triangle ABC is rotated through 90° clockwise about the point (0,0), draw its image. (4 marks)

52
2008-16.
Figure 3 shows an L−shaped object on a graph.

a. Copy the figure on the graph paper provided. (1 mark)

b. On the same graph, draw and label the reflection of the object if the mirror line is the y−axis. (3
marks)

53
c. What are the coordinates of C’ in the reflection? (1 mark)
(5,4)

21 TRIANGLES
2011-12.
In Figure 2 PQRS is a rectangle.

If SN = RN, show that triangle PSN is congruent to triangle QRN. (4 marks)

SN = RN (given)
PS = QR (PQRS is a rectangle)
∠PSN = ∠QRN = 90° (PQRS is a rectangle)
∴ Triangle PSN ≡ Triangle QRN (S. A. S)
2011-13.
In Figure 3 UQ is parallel to SQ, QT = QR, angle PQU = 68° and angle TRS = 18°.

54
Calculate angle QTV. (5 marks)
∠PQU = ∠QRS = 68°
(UQ ∥ SR, corresponding angles are equal)
∠QRT = 68° − 18° = 50°
∠QRT = ∠QTR = 50° (the base angles of
isosceles triangle QTR are equal)
∠QTV + ∠QTR = 180° (angle on a straight line)
∴ ∠QTV = 180° − ∠QTR = 180° − 50°
= 130°…Answer
2009-12.
In Figure 2 HC and DG are straight lines. Angle CBF = 92°, angle ABE = 35° and AB is parallel to
DG.

Calculate angles marked x and y. (6 marks)

∠𝑥 + ∠CBF = 180° (supplementary angles)
∴ ∠𝑥 + 92° = 180°
∠𝑥 = 180° − 92° = 88°
∠BEF = ∠ABE (alternate angles)
∴ ∠BEF = 35°
∠𝑦 + ∠𝑥 + ∠𝐵𝐸𝐹 = 180°
(the angle sum of a triangle = 180°)
∠𝑦 + 88° + 35° = 180°
(substituted ∠𝑥 = 88° and ∠BEF = 35°)
∠𝑦 = 180° − 88° − 35° = 57°
∴ ∠𝑥 = 88°, ∠𝑦 = 57°…Answer
2009-14.

55
b. In Figure 3 N lies on a side of the square EGXW. EM and XL are perpendicular to WN. Angle
EWM = angle WXL.

Show that triangle WME and XLW are congruent. (4 marks)

In △ WME and △ XLW,
∠WME = ∠XLW = 90°
(EM and XL are perpendicular to WN)
∠EWM = ∠WXL (given angle)
WE = XW (sides of a square are equal)
∴△ WME ≡ △ XLW (A.A.S)
2007-14.
b. In Figure 2, PQRS is a parallelogram. QT meets SR produced at T.

If SR=RT, prove that triangle PSR is congruent to triangle QRT. (4 marks)

In triangle PSR and triangle QRT,
SR = RT (given)
PS = QR (PQRS is a parallelogram)
∠PSR = ∠QRT (PS ∥ QR, corresponding angles are equal)
∴ triangle PSR ≡ triangle QRT (S. A. S)
2004-1. In an acute angled triangle PQR, angle P = 65° and angle Q = 50°. Find the size of angle R.
(4 marks)
∠𝑅 + ∠𝑃 + ∠𝑄 = 180°
∠𝑅 + 65° + 50° = 180°
∠𝑅 = 65°…Answer
SECTION B
2006-17. In Figure 5, LK is parallel to MS and LM=MS

56
If KM and LS are straight lines, angle KLS=30° and angle KML=70°,
a. Calculate the value of the angle KMS. (5 marks)
∠KLS = ∠LSM = 30° (LK ∥ MS, alternate ∠s are equal)
∠LSM = ∠SLM = 30° (base angles of isosceles triangles)
∴ ∠LMS = 180° − 30° − 30° = 120°
∴ ∠KMS = 120° − 70° = 50°…Answer
b. what type of triangle is KLM? (3 marks)
Acute angled triangle
2005-16. Figure 7 shows a rectangular floor AB CD in which N is the mid-point of AB.

If ND = NC and angle DNC = 70°, calculate the value of the angle AND. (5 marks)
Let angle NDC = 𝑥,
then angle NCD = 𝑥 (triangle NDC is isosceles)
70° + 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 180°
𝑥 = 55°
∠ADN = ∠ADC − ∠NDC = 90° − 55° = 35°…Answer
2003-18. a. In Figure 6, QL= PM, LM= MN and angle QLM = angle NML = 90°.

Prove that triangles LMQ and MNP are congruent. (4 marks)

In triangles LMQ and MNP,
QL = PM (given side)
LM = MN (given side)
∠QLM = ∠PMN = 90° (given angle)
∴ triangle LMQ ≡ triangle MNP (S.A.S)

57
 22 CONVEX POLYGONS
SECTION A
2013 – 12b. The interior angle of a regular convex polygon is 4 times its exterior angle. Given that the
exterior angle is y. Calculate the number of sides of the polygon. (5 marks)
The exterior angle is y and interior angle is 4y
Exterior angle + interior angle = 180°
3𝑦 + 𝑦 = 180° ⟺ 4𝑦 = 180° ⟺ 𝑦 = 45°
360° 360°
𝑛= = =8
𝜃 45°
The polygon has 8 sides
2011-6.
The sum of the interior angles of a regular convex polygon is 1440°. Calculate the size of
each-exterior angle of the polygon. (5 marks)
1440°
180°(𝑛 − 2) = 1440° ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = 8 ⇔ 𝑛 = 10
180°
There are 10 sides of the convex polygon.
1440°
Size of each interior angle = = 144°
10
Exterior angle + Interior angle = 180° ⟺ 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 + 144° = 180
Size of each exterior angle is 180° − 144° = 36°
2010-7.
b. The sum of interior angles of a regular polygon is 1980°. Calculate the number of sides of the
polygon. (4 marks).
Sum of interior angles 𝑖𝑠 180°(𝑛 − 2) = 1980°
1980°
𝑛−2= ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = 11 ⇔ 𝑛 = 13
180°
2007-12.
The sum of the interior angles of a regular convex polygon is 2340°. Calculate the exterior angle of the
polygon. (6 marks)
2340°
180(𝑛 − 2) = 2340° ⇔ 𝑛 − 2 = ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = 13 ⟺ 𝑛 = 15
180°
The regular convex polygon has 15 sides
2340°
Size of each interior polygon is = 156°
15
Exterior angle + interior angle = 180°
Exterior angle is 180° − 156° = 24°
2006-15.
The sum of the interior angles of a regular convex polygon is l620°. Calculate the number of sides of
the polygon. (5 marks)
1620°
180°(𝑛 − 2) = 1620° ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = ⟺ 𝑛 − 2 = 9 ⟺ 𝑛 = 11
180°
The polygon has 11 sides
2005-14.
The interior angle of a regular convex polygon is 168°. Calculate the number of sides of the polygon.
(4 marks)
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 < +𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 < = 180 ∘ (< 𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 + 168° = 180° ⟺ 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 180° − 168° = 12°
Let number of sides be n
360°
𝑛= = 30𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
12°
2004-13.

58
A convex polygon has 21 sides. Find the sum of the interior angles of the polygon. (4 marks)
180°(𝑛 − 2) = 180°(21 − 2) = 180° × 19 = 3420°
2003-4.
In Figure 2, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which angle ABC I 96°, angle BCD = 105° and angle BAD=I
73°.

Calculate the size of angle ADC. (3 marks)

< 𝐴𝐵𝐶+< 𝐵𝐶𝐷+< 𝐷𝐴𝐵+< 𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 360° ⟺ 96° + 105° + 73°+< 𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 360°
< 𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 360° − 274° = 86°

SECTION B
2012-16.
Figure 6 shows a pentagon ABCDE in which angle ABC =3y°, angle BCD = 100°, angle CDE =
114°, angle DEA = y° and angle EAB = 126°.

Calculate the size of angle DEA. (5 marks).

100° + 3𝑦° + 126° + 𝑦° + 114° =540 (a pentagon has 540°)
4𝑦° = 540° − 340° = 200°
200
𝑦° = = 50° ⟺∴< 𝐷𝐸𝐴 = 50°
4
2008-17.
In Figure 4, ABCDE is a convex pentagon in which angle BCD = 85°, angle CDE = 115° and angle
DEA = 120°.

59
a. If EA and CB are produced to meet at F, calculate angle AFB. (3 marks)
CDEF is a quadrilateral. The sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

b. Given that angle ABC = 110°, what type of triangle is AFB? (3 marks)
ABCDE is a pentagon. The sum of interior angles of a pentagon is 540°.
< 𝐶+< 𝐷+< 𝐸+< 𝐸𝐴𝐵+< 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 540°

< 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 110°

85° + 115° + 120°+< 𝐸𝐴𝐵+< 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 540°
< 𝐸𝐴𝐵 + 430° = 540°
< 𝐸𝐴𝐵 = 540° − 430° = 110
∴< 𝐸𝐴𝐵 =< 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 110°
< 𝐸𝐴𝐵 =< 𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 180° − 110° = 70
Triangle AFB has 2 angles of the same size so it is an isosceles triangle
2003-18.
b. Each interior angle of a regular convex polygon is two times the exterior angle. Calculate the
number of sides of the polygon. (4 marks)
Let the interior angle be 2x and let the exterior angle be x
Exterior angle + interior angle = 180°
2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 180° ⟺ 3𝑥 = 180° ⟺ 𝑥 = 60°
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 45°
360°
𝑛= = 6 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
60°
The polygon has 6 sides

23 SIMILARITY
SECTION A
2012-13. b. In Figure 5, ABCD is a square.

60
If angle BEA = Angle DFA, show that triangle BEA is similar to triangle DFA. (3 marks)
In triangle BEA and triangle DFA,
∠AFD = ∠BEA (given)
∠ADF = ∠ABE = 90° (ABCD is a square)
∠DAF = ∠BAE (remaining angles of △ BEA and △ BCD)
∴ triangle BEA is similar to triangle DFA
2011-9. In Figure 1 triangle AEB is similar to triangle CED. 𝐀𝐂 = 𝑥 cm, 𝐂𝐄 = 4 cm, 𝐁𝐃 = 6 cm and
𝐃𝐄 = 9 cm.

Calculate the value of 𝑥. (5 marks)

△ CED: △ AEB = ED: EB = EC: EA
ED: EB = 9: 9 + 6 = 9: 15 = 3: 5
EC: EA = 4: 4 + 𝑥
∴ 3: 5 = 4: 4 + 𝑥
12 + 3𝑥 = 20
3𝑥 = 8
8
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑚
3
2010-8. In Figure 2, ABDE is a rectangle, angle AFE = angle BCD.

61
Show that triangle AFE is similar to triangle BCD. (4 marks)
In triangle AFE and triangle BCD, ∠AFE = ∠BCD (given)
∠AED = ∠BDE = 90° (ABDE is a rectangle)
∴ ∠AEF = ∠BDC = 90° (sum of adjacent angles on a straight line)
∴ ∠FAE = ∠CBE (remaining angles of ΔAFE and ΔBCD)
∴Triangle AFE and triangle BCD are similar. (corresponding angles are equal)
2005-15.
b. Figure 6 shows two similar triangles DCE and NCM. DC=10cm, CE=12 cm and CM=30cm.

Calculate the length of CN. (4 marks)

△ 𝐷𝐶𝐸 ~ △ 𝑁𝐶𝑀
𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝑁
=
𝐶𝐸 𝐶𝑀
10 𝐶𝑁
=
12 30
𝐶𝑁 = 25𝑐𝑚
2004-12.
In Figure 2, triangle PQT is similar to triangle PRS in which RS 6 cm, QT =4 cm and PT=3 cm.

Calculate the length of PS. (4 marks)

SECTION B
2008-18. b. In Figure 5 triangle ABC is similar to triangle BDC. Angle BAC = angle DBC, BD = 9
cm, BC = 10 cm and DC = 6 cm.

62
Calculate the length of AB. (4 marks)
Triangle ABC is similar to triangle BDC. Therefore

2007-19. a. Figure4 shows two similar triangles ABC and ZYX. Angle BAC = angle XZY, angle
ACB = angle YXZ, AB = 3 cm, AC=7 cm and YZ = 15 cm.

Calculate the length of ZX. (4 marks)

2003-19.
a. In Figure 7, angle BAC= angle CBD, AB = 8 cm, BD = 6 cm, AD= 4 cm, and BC = 7 cm.

63
(i) Prove that triangles CAB and CBD are similar.
In triangles CAB and CBD,
∠CAB = ∠CBD (given angle)
∠ACB = ∠BCD (common angle)
Two angles are respectively equal
∴ Triangles CAB and CBD are similar
(ii) Calculate, the length of CD. (6 marks)

24 PYTHAGORAS’S THEOREM
SECTION A
2013 – 7
Given that the triangle ABC, angle ACB = 90°, AB = 7cm and AC = 5 cm, calculate the length of BC
giving your answer correct to one decimal place. (4 marks)

𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 ⟺ 52 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 72 ⟺ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 49 − 25 = 24 ⟺ 𝐵𝐶 = √24 = 4.9𝑐𝑚

2011-15.
Figure 4 is a right angled triangle PQR in which PQ = d cm, QR = 8 cm and PR = (d + 4) cm.

64
Calculate the value of d. (4 marks)
(d + 4)2 = d2 + 82
d2 + 8d + 16 = d2 + 64
8d = 48
d = 6…Answer
2003-11.
In a triangle ABC, AB=7cm, AC= 3 cm and angle ACB=90°. Calculate the length of BC giving your
answer correct to 2 significant figures. (5 marks).
32 + 𝐵𝐶2 = 72
𝐵𝐶2 = 40
𝐵𝐶 = √40 = 2√10 = 2 × 3.162 = 6.324 ≈ 6.3 (2 s. f.) …Answer
SECTION B
2009-17.
a. Figure 4 shows a parallelogram BCFD and triangle AEF. AC = 10 cm, BD = 5 cm, EF = 3 cm and
angle AEF= 90°.

Calculate AE. (5 marks)

FC = DB (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
∴ FC = 5cm
AF = AC − FC
∴ AF = 10 − 5 = 5cm
△ AEF is a right angled triangle, so 𝐴𝐸2 + 𝐸𝐹2 = 𝐴𝐹2 (Pythagoras ‘theorem)
𝐴𝐸2 + 32 = 52 (substituted 𝐸𝐹 = 3 and 𝐴𝐹 = 5)
AE2 + 9 = 25
AE2 = 25 − 9
AE2 = 16
AE = 4cm…Answer
2007-18.
b. In a triangle XYZ, 𝐗𝐘 = 3 cm, 𝐘𝐙 = 4 cm and 𝐗𝐙 = 5 cm. Show that triangle XYZ is right angled.
(5 marks)

65
 XY2 + YZ2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52 = XZ2
∴ The triangle XYZ is right angled.

25 QUADRILATERALS
2012-9.
Figure 3 shows a parallelogram RSTU in which angle RUT = (2𝑥 + 30)° and angle RST = (7𝑥 − 25)°

Calculate the size of angle RUT. (5 marks)

(2𝑥 + 30)° = (7𝑥 − 25)°
2𝑥 − 7𝑥 = −25 − 30
−5𝑥 = −55
𝑥 = 11
∴ ∠RUT = (2𝑥 + 30)°
= (2 × 11 + 30)° = (22 + 30)°
= 52°…Answer
2005-12.
Figure 5 shows a trapezium GHJK in which GH is parallel to KJ, HJ=HR and angle HJR= angle
GKR.

Prove that GHRK is a parallelogram. (4 marks)

∠HRJ = ∠HJR (Isosceles triangle)
∠HJR = ∠GKR (given angle)
∴ ∠HRJ = ∠GKR
Since the corresponding angles are equal,
GK ∥ HR.
Since GH ∥ KJ, GH ∥ KJ.
∴ GHRK is a parallelogram.
SECTION B
2010-20.
b. The diagonals of a rhombus ABCD are 12cm and 16cm. Calculate the area of the rhombus. (5
marks)

66
Area of rhombus =△ ABD +△ CBD
1 1
12 × 8 × + 12 × 8 ×
2 2
= 48 + 48 = 96cm2…Answer
2008-19.
b. In Figure 6 WXYZ is a parallelogram in which WX is parallel to ZY and ZW is parallel to YX.
Angle WZY= (𝑎2 − 2𝑎)°and WXY = 63°.

Calculate the values of a. (6 marks)

WXYZ is a parallelogram so opposite angles are equal.
(𝑎2 − 2𝑎) = 63
𝑎2 − 2𝑎 = 63
𝑎2 − 2𝑎 − 63 = 0
(𝑎 − 9) (𝑎 + 7) = 0
𝑎 = 9, −7
2004-20.
b. The diagonals of a rhombus are 10 cm and 24 cm. Calculate the length of a side of the rhombus.
(5 marks)
In the rhombus ABCD,
let AC = 10cm and BD = 24cm.
Let E be the point where the diagonals meet.
Then AE = CE = 5cm, BE = DE = 12cm
In triangle AEB, use the Pythagorean theorem:
AB2 = AE2 + BE2
AB2 = 52 + 122 = 169
AB = 13

67
 The length of a side is 13cm …Answer.

26 MENSURATION
SECTION A
2021 – 15. A cylinder open on one end ha a diameter of 14 cm and a total surface area of 1232 cm2.
Calculate the height of the cylinder. (7 marks)
22 22
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 𝜋𝑟 2 = 1232𝑐𝑚2 ⟺ 2 × × 7𝑐𝑚 × ℎ + × (7𝑐𝑚)2 = 1232𝑐𝑚2
7 7
198ℎ 𝑐𝑚 = 1232𝑐𝑚2 ⟺ ℎ = 12.5714286~12.6𝑐𝑚
2007-14.
22
a. Calculate the volume of a cylinder whose radius is 7 cm and height 10 cm. (Take π = 7 ) (3 marks)

answer
2003-10.
Figure 4 shows a cylinder whose diameter is 14 cm and height is 10 cm.

22
Taking π to be 𝜋 = calculate the volume of the cylinder. (3 marks)
7

The volume = the base area × the height

= 154 × 10 = 1540cm3…Answer.
SECTION B
2009-19.
Figure 6 shows a closed cylinder with diameter 7 cm and height 20 cm.

22
Calculate the total surface area of the cylinder. (Take π = 7 ) (6 marks).
(the total surface area of a cylinder) = (curved surface area) + (area of two circles)
∴ (2𝜋𝑟 × ℎ) + (2 × 𝜋𝑟2)

68
 = 517 cm2…Answer
2004-16.
Figure 5 shows a right pyramid with a rectangular base ABCD measuring 8 cm by 6 cm.
The heights of triangles VBC and VAB are 12 cm and 14 cm respectively.

Calculate the total surface area of the right pyramid. (6 marks)

Area of base = 8 × 6 = 48cm2
Area of triangle VAB = 8 × 14 ÷ 2 = 56cm2
Area of triangle VBC = 6 × 12 ÷ 2 = 36cm2
Area of lateral face = 56 × 2 + 36 × 2 = 184cm2
The total surface area = 48 + 184 = 232cm2 … Answer

27 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

SECTION A
2007-15.
a. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct triangle PQR in which PQ= 11cm, QR =
9 cm and PR = 7 cm. (3 marks)

69
 SECTION B
2012-20.
a. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, Construct in the same diagram:
(i) a triangle XYZ in which XY = 9 cm, YZ = 11 cm and ZX = 7 cm.
(ii) the inscribed circle of the triangle XYZ. (5 marks)
b. Measure and state the length of the radius of the circle. (1 mark)

2011-20.
Using a pair of compasses and a ruler only, construct in the same diagram:
(i) a line AB which is 10 cm.
(ii) point C which is equidistant from point A and point B and is also 6 cm from AB.

70
(iii) measure and state angle BAC. (5 marks)
∠BAC = 50°

2010-19.
a. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct in the same diagram:
(i) a triangle PQR in which PQ = QR = PR = 5cm.
(ii) construct the circumscribed circle of the triangle PQR. (7 marks)
Step1. Using a ruler, draw a line of 5cm. Label the ends, P and Q.
Step2. Set the compasses to the second length, 5cm. Place the point of the compasses at P and draw
an arc.
Step3. Set the compasses to the third length, 5cm. Place the point of the compasses at Q and draw
another arc. Label the intersection, R.
Step4. Join P and Q to the intersection R.

a. (ii)
Step1. Set the compasses to slightly more than half the length of the side PQ. Place the point at P and
draw an arc.
Step2. Without changing the setting of the compasses, place the point at Q and draw another arc.
Step3. Join the intersections of the arcs to find the perpendicular bisector.

71
Step4. Do “Step1 to Step3” also about sides PR and QR. The intersection of the three perpendicular
bisectors is the centre (O) of the circumscribed circle.
Step5. Set the compasses to the length of OP. Place the point of the compasses at O and draw the
circle.

2009-20.
Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct in the same diagram:
a. A triangle UVW in which angle WUV = 90°, UV = 5 cm and UW = 6 cm. (3 marks)

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 UV=5cm
U V

UW = 6cm

b. Produce line UV to point X, and line UW to point Y. Bisect angles YWV and XVW. The
bisectors should meet at Z. (4 marks)

UV=5cm
U V X

UW = 6cm

c. Measure and state the length of line UZ. (1 mark)

UZ=13.3cm

2008-18.
a. Using a pair of compasses and a ruler only, construct in the same diagram:

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(i) lines AB and AC such that AB = 8 cm, AC = 6 cm and angle BAC = 60°.

(ii) the locus of a point equidistant from lines AB and AC. (6 marks)
To draw 60° only compass and ruler.
1. Draw a straight line (8 cm long) and mark on point B.
2. With centre A, and draw an arc to cut AB at D.
3. With centre D and the same radius, draw an arc to cut the previous one at E. Join AE.

1. With centre A, and draw an arc to cut AB at D and AC at E.

2. With centre D, and draw an arc.
3. With centre E, and draw an arc same radius as Step 2.
4. Label the point where the arcs cut F. Join AF. AF is the required line.
2006-19.
Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct in the same diagram:
a. a line AB = 10 cm (1 mark)
b. a locus of points equidistant from points A and B. Let P be a point on the locus such that
AP=8 cm (3 marks)
c. measure and state angle APB. (2 marks)

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2004-20.
a. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct triangle ABC in which AB = 9.0 cm,
angle BAC = 150° and CA = 4.5 cm. Measure and state angle ABC. (6 marks)
a.

Step1. Draw a line of 9cm. Label the ends A and B. Extend the line past A.

Step2. Open a pair of compasses to about 2cm wide. Place the point of the compasses at A and draw
an arc to cut the extended line. Label the intersection D.
Step3. Without changing the radius, place the point at D and draw an arc. Label the intersection with
the arc drawn in Step2, E.

Step4. Without changing the radius, place the point at E and draw an arc. Label the intersection with
the arc drawn in Step3, F.
Step5. Draw a line through A and F.
Step6. Open the compasses to 4.5cm wide. Place the point of the compasses at A and draw an arc to
cut the line AF. Label the intersection C.

Step7. Join B and C.

∠ABC ≈ 10°
2003-17.
Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct in the same diagram:
a. triangle PQR in which PQ = 8 cm, QR= 7 cm and PR= 6 cm. (4 marks)
b. a locus of points equidistant from PR and PQ. If point S is on the locus such that PS=10 cm,

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measure and state the length of QS. (4 marks)
Step1. Draw PQ which is 8cm long.
Step2. Open a pair of compasses to 7cm wide. Place the point of the compasses at Q and draw an arc.
Step3. Open the compasses to 6cm wide. Place the point at P and draw an arc.
Step4. Label the intersection of the two arcs R. Join PR and QR.

b.
Step1. Place the point of the compasses at P and draw an arc to cut the lines PQ and PR.
Step2. Place the point at one intersection and draw an arc.
Step3. Without changing the radius, place the point at the other intersection and draw an arc.

Step4. Draw a line through P and the intersection of the arcs drawn in Step2 and 3.
Step5. Open the compasses to 10cm wide. Place the point at P and draw an arc. Label the intersection
with the arc, S.

𝑄𝑆 ≈ 5cm

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