Chapter 07
Chapter 07
Chapter 7
Work & Energy
Energy
What is energy?
𝑣𝑣22 − 𝑣𝑣12
∑𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚
2𝑠𝑠
1 1
∑𝑊𝑊 = ∑𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣12 = 𝐾𝐾2 − 𝐾𝐾1
2
2 2
Work-Energy Theorem
𝑊𝑊𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = Δ𝐾𝐾
1
𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 cos 𝜙𝜙; 𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
Example 7.4
Let’s revisit Example 7.3 in order to determine what actually happened to the work
energy produced by the forces acting on the sled. The free-body diagram is shown again
in Figure 7.15. We found that the total work done on the sled by all the forces is
10.0 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, so the kinetic energy of the sled must increase by 10.0 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. The mass of the sled
is 𝑚𝑚 = 14,700 𝑁𝑁 / 9.81 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 = 1500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 Suppose the sled’s initial speed is
2.00 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 What is its final speed?
Example 7.5
In a pile driver, a steel hammerhead with mass
200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 is lifted 3.00 𝑚𝑚 above the top of a vertical
I-beam that is to be driven into the ground. The
hammer is then dropped, driving the I-beam
7.40 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 farther into the ground. The vertical rails
that guide the hammerhead exert a constant
60.0 𝑁𝑁 friction force on it. Use the work–energy
theorem to find:
a) The speed of the hammerhead just as it hits the
I-beam
b) The average force the hammerhead exerts on
the I-beam.
Work Done by a Varying Force
1 2
𝑊𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑘𝑘𝑋𝑋
2
Example 7.6
A woman weighing 600 𝑁𝑁 steps onto a bathroom scale that contains a heavy spring.
The spring compresses by 1.0 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 under her weight. Find the force constant of the
spring and the total work done on it during the compression.
Potential Energy
Energy associated with an object’s position is called Potential Energy
Forces that are associated with Potential Energy are called Conservative Forces
𝑊𝑊𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = −Δ𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
𝑊𝑊𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = −Δ𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 + −Δ𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 + 𝑊𝑊𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = Δ𝐾𝐾
𝑊𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = −Δ𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Δ𝑊𝑊
𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 =
Δ𝑡𝑡
Δ𝑊𝑊 Δ𝑥𝑥
𝑃𝑃 = lim = 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
Δ𝑡𝑡→0 Δ𝑡𝑡 Δ𝑡𝑡