This document has important legal consequences; consultation with an attorney is encouraged with

respect to its use or modification. This document should be adapted to the particular circumstances of
the contemplated Project and the controlling Laws and Regulations.

STANDARD GENERAL CONDITIONS

OF THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT

Prepared By

Endorsed By

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
 Copyright© 2018

National Society of Professional Engineers

1420 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-2794
(703) 684-2882
www.nspe.org

American Council of Engineering Companies

1015 15th Street N.W., Washington, DC 20005
(202) 347-7474
www.acec.org

American Society of Civil Engineers

1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400
(800) 548-2723
www.asce.org

The copyright for this EJCDC document is owned jointly by the three sponsoring organizations listed
above. The National Society of Professional Engineers is the Copyright Administrator for the EJCDC
documents; please direct all inquiries regarding EJCDC copyrights to NSPE.

NOTE: EJCDC publications may be purchased at www.ejcdc.org, or from any of the sponsoring
organizations above.

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
 GUIDELINES FOR USE OF EJCDC® C-700,
STANDARD GENERAL CONDITIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT

1.0 PURPOSE AND INTENDED USE OF THE DOCUMENT

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract (2018), is the foundation
document for the EJCDC Construction Series. The General Conditions define the basic rights,
responsibilities, risk allocations, and contractual relationship of the Owner and Contractor, and establish
how the Contract is to be administered.

2.0 OTHER DOCUMENTS

EJCDC documents are intended to be used as a system and changes in one EJCDC document may require
a corresponding change in other documents. Other EJCDC documents may also serve as a reference to
provide insight or guidance for the preparation of this document.
These General Conditions have been prepared for use with either EJCDC® C-520, Agreement Between
Owner and Contractor for Construction Contract (Stipulated Price), or EJCDC® C-525, Agreement
Between Owner and Contractor for Construction Contract (Cost-Plus-Fee) (2018 Editions). The
provisions of the General Conditions and the Agreement are interrelated, and a change in one may
necessitate a change in the other.
To prepare supplementary conditions that are coordinated with the General Conditions, use
EJCDC® C-800, Supplementary Conditions of the Construction Contract (2018).
The full EJCDC Construction series of documents is discussed in the EJCDC® C-001, Commentary on the
2018 EJCDC Construction Documents (2018).

3.0 ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION

All parties involved in a construction project benefit significantly from a standardized approach in the
location of subject matter throughout the documents. Experience confirms the danger of addressing the
same subject matter in more than one location; doing so frequently leads to confusion and
unanticipated legal consequences. Careful attention should be given to the guidance provided in
EJCDC® N-122/AIA® A521, Uniform Location of Subject Matter (2012 Edition) when preparing
documents. EJCDC® N-122/AIA® A521 is available at no charge from the EJCDC website, www.ejcdc.org,
and from the websites of EJCDC’s sponsoring organizations.
If CSI MasterFormat™ is used for organizing the Project Manual, consult CSI MasterFormat™ for the
appropriate document number (e.g., under 00 11 00, Advertisements and Invitations), and accordingly
number the document and its pages.

4.0 EDITING THIS DOCUMENT

Remove these Guidelines for Use. Some users may also prefer to remove the two cover pages.
Although it is permissible to revise the Standard EJCDC Text of C-700 (the content beginning at page 1
and continuing to the end), it is common practice to leave the Standard EJCDC Text of C-700 intact and
unaltered, with modifications and supplementation of C-700’s provisions set forth in EJCDC® C-800,
Supplementary Conditions of the Construction Contract (2018). If the Standard Text itself is revised, the
EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.
©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
Guidelines Page 1 of 2
user must comply with the terms of the License Agreement, Paragraph 4.0, Document-Specific
Provisions, concerning the tracking or highlighting of revisions. The following is a summary of the
relevant License Agreement provisions:
1. The term “Standard EJCDC Text” for C-700 refers to all text prepared by EJCDC in the main body
of the document. Document covers, logos, footers, instructions, or copyright notices are not
Standard EJCDC Text for this purpose.
2. During the drafting or negotiating process for C-700, it is important that the two contracting
parties are both aware of any changes that have been made to the Standard EJCDC Text. Thus, if
a draft or version of C-700 purports to be or appears to be an EJCDC document, the user must
plainly show all changes to the Standard EJCDC Text, using “Track Changes” (redline/strikeout),
highlighting, or other means of clearly indicating additions and deletions.
3. If C-700 has been revised or altered and is subsequently presented to third parties (such as
potential bidders, grant agencies, lenders, or sureties) as an EJCDC document, then the changes
to the Standard EJCDC Text must be shown, or the third parties must receive access to a version
that shows the changes.
4. Once the document is ready to be finalized (and if applicable executed by the contracting
parties), it is no longer necessary to continue to show changes to the Standard EJCDC Text. The
user may produce a final version of the document in a format in which all changes are accepted,
and the document at that point does not need to include any “Track Changes,”
redline/strikeout, highlighting, or other indication of additions and deletions to the Standard
EJCDC Text.

5.0 LICENSE AGREEMENT

This document is subject to the terms and conditions of the License Agreement, 2018 EJCDC®
Construction Series Documents. A copy of the License Agreement was furnished at the time of purchase
of this document, and is available for review at www.ejcdc.org and the websites of EJCDC’s sponsoring
organizations.

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
Guidelines Page 2 of 2
 STANDARD GENERAL CONDITIONS
OF THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Article 1—Definitions and Terminology........................................................................................................ 1
1.01 Defined Terms ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.02 Terminology .................................................................................................................................. 6
Article 2—Preliminary Matters ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.01 Delivery of Performance and Payment Bonds; Evidence of Insurance......................................... 7
2.02 Copies of Documents .................................................................................................................... 7
2.03 Before Starting Construction ........................................................................................................ 8
2.04 Preconstruction Conference; Designation of Authorized Representatives .................................. 8
2.05 Acceptance of Schedules .............................................................................................................. 8
2.06 Electronic Transmittals ................................................................................................................. 9
Article 3—Contract Documents: Intent, Requirements, Reuse .................................................................... 9
3.01 Intent............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.02 Reference Standards ................................................................................................................... 10
3.03 Reporting and Resolving Discrepancies ...................................................................................... 10
3.04 Requirements of the Contract Documents ................................................................................. 11
3.05 Reuse of Documents ................................................................................................................... 11
Article 4—Commencement and Progress of the Work .............................................................................. 12
4.01 Commencement of Contract Times; Notice to Proceed ............................................................. 12
4.02 Starting the Work ........................................................................................................................ 12
4.03 Reference Points ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.04 Progress Schedule ....................................................................................................................... 12
4.05 Delays in Contractor’s Progress .................................................................................................. 12
Article 5—Site; Subsurface and Physical Conditions; Hazardous Environmental Conditions .................... 14
5.01 Availability of Lands .................................................................................................................... 14
5.02 Use of Site and Other Areas ........................................................................................................ 14
5.03 Subsurface and Physical Conditions............................................................................................ 15
5.04 Differing Subsurface or Physical Conditions ............................................................................... 16

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

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Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
TOC Page 1 of 5
 5.05 Underground Facilities ................................................................................................................ 18
5.06 Hazardous Environmental Conditions at Site ............................................................................. 19
Article 6—Bonds and Insurance.................................................................................................................. 22
6.01 Performance, Payment, and Other Bonds .................................................................................. 22
6.02 Insurance—General Provisions ................................................................................................... 22
6.03 Contractor’s Insurance ................................................................................................................ 24
6.04 Builder’s Risk and Other Property Insurance .............................................................................. 25
6.05 Property Losses; Subrogation ..................................................................................................... 26
6.06 Receipt and Application of Property Insurance Proceeds .......................................................... 27
Article 7—Contractor’s Responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 27
7.01 Contractor’s Means and Methods of Construction .................................................................... 27
7.02 Supervision and Superintendence .............................................................................................. 28
7.03 Labor; Working Hours ................................................................................................................. 28
7.04 Services, Materials, and Equipment ........................................................................................... 28
7.05 “Or Equals” .................................................................................................................................. 29
7.06 Substitutes .................................................................................................................................. 30
7.07 Concerning Subcontractors and Suppliers .................................................................................. 31
7.08 Patent Fees and Royalties ........................................................................................................... 32
7.09 Permits ........................................................................................................................................ 33
7.10 Taxes ........................................................................................................................................... 33
7.11 Laws and Regulations.................................................................................................................. 33
7.12 Record Documents...................................................................................................................... 34
7.13 Safety and Protection ................................................................................................................. 34
7.14 Hazard Communication Programs .............................................................................................. 35
7.15 Emergencies ................................................................................................................................ 35
7.16 Submittals ................................................................................................................................... 36
7.17 Contractor’s General Warranty and Guarantee ......................................................................... 38
7.18 Indemnification ........................................................................................................................... 39
7.19 Delegation of Professional Design Services ................................................................................ 40
Article 8—Other Work at the Site ............................................................................................................... 41
8.01 Other Work ................................................................................................................................. 41
8.02 Coordination ............................................................................................................................... 41
8.03 Legal Relationships...................................................................................................................... 42

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
TOC Page 2 of 5
Article 9—Owner’s Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ 43
9.01 Communications to Contractor .................................................................................................. 43
9.02 Replacement of Engineer ............................................................................................................ 43
9.03 Furnish Data ................................................................................................................................ 43
9.04 Pay When Due............................................................................................................................. 43
9.05 Lands and Easements; Reports, Tests, and Drawings ................................................................. 43
9.06 Insurance ..................................................................................................................................... 43
9.07 Change Orders ............................................................................................................................ 43
9.08 Inspections, Tests, and Approvals ............................................................................................... 44
9.09 Limitations on Owner’s Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 44
9.10 Undisclosed Hazardous Environmental Condition...................................................................... 44
9.11 Evidence of Financial Arrangements........................................................................................... 44
9.12 Safety Programs .......................................................................................................................... 44
Article 10—Engineer’s Status During Construction .................................................................................... 44
10.01 Owner’s Representative.......................................................................................................... 44
10.02 Visits to Site ............................................................................................................................. 44
10.03 Resident Project Representative............................................................................................. 45
10.04 Engineer’s Authority ............................................................................................................... 45
10.05 Determinations for Unit Price Work ....................................................................................... 45
10.06 Decisions on Requirements of Contract Documents and Acceptability of Work ................... 45
10.07 Limitations on Engineer’s Authority and Responsibilities ...................................................... 45
10.08 Compliance with Safety Program............................................................................................ 46
Article 11—Changes to the Contract .......................................................................................................... 46
11.01 Amending and Supplementing the Contract .......................................................................... 46
11.02 Change Orders ........................................................................................................................ 46
11.03 Work Change Directives .......................................................................................................... 47
11.04 Field Orders ............................................................................................................................. 47
11.05 Owner-Authorized Changes in the Work ................................................................................ 47
11.06 Unauthorized Changes in the Work ........................................................................................ 48
11.07 Change of Contract Price ........................................................................................................ 48
11.08 Change of Contract Times ....................................................................................................... 49
11.09 Change Proposals .................................................................................................................... 49
11.10 Notification to Surety .............................................................................................................. 51

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

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Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
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Article 12—Claims ....................................................................................................................................... 51
12.01 Claims ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Article 13—Cost of the Work; Allowances; Unit Price Work ...................................................................... 52
13.01 Cost of the Work ..................................................................................................................... 52
13.02 Allowances .............................................................................................................................. 56
13.03 Unit Price Work ....................................................................................................................... 56
Article 14—Tests and Inspections; Correction, Removal, or Acceptance of Defective Work .................... 57
14.01 Access to Work........................................................................................................................ 57
14.02 Tests, Inspections, and Approvals ........................................................................................... 57
14.03 Defective Work ....................................................................................................................... 58
14.04 Acceptance of Defective Work................................................................................................ 58
14.05 Uncovering Work .................................................................................................................... 59
14.06 Owner May Stop the Work ..................................................................................................... 59
14.07 Owner May Correct Defective Work....................................................................................... 59
Article 15—Payments to Contractor; Set-Offs; Completion; Correction Period ........................................ 60
15.01 Progress Payments .................................................................................................................. 60
15.02 Contractor’s Warranty of Title ................................................................................................ 63
15.03 Substantial Completion ........................................................................................................... 63
15.04 Partial Use or Occupancy ........................................................................................................ 64
15.05 Final Inspection ....................................................................................................................... 65
15.06 Final Payment.......................................................................................................................... 65
15.07 Waiver of Claims ..................................................................................................................... 66
15.08 Correction Period .................................................................................................................... 67
Article 16—Suspension of Work and Termination ..................................................................................... 68
16.01 Owner May Suspend Work ..................................................................................................... 68
16.02 Owner May Terminate for Cause ............................................................................................ 68
16.03 Owner May Terminate for Convenience................................................................................. 69
16.04 Contractor May Stop Work or Terminate ............................................................................... 69
Article 17—Final Resolution of Disputes .................................................................................................... 70
17.01 Methods and Procedures ........................................................................................................ 70
Article 18—Miscellaneous .......................................................................................................................... 70
18.01 Giving Notice ........................................................................................................................... 70
18.02 Computation of Times............................................................................................................. 70

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
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18.03 Cumulative Remedies ............................................................................................................. 70
18.04 Limitation of Damages ............................................................................................................ 71
18.05 No Waiver ............................................................................................................................... 71
18.06 Survival of Obligations ............................................................................................................ 71
18.07 Controlling Law ....................................................................................................................... 71
18.08 Assignment of Contract........................................................................................................... 71
18.09 Successors and Assigns ........................................................................................................... 71
18.10 Headings.................................................................................................................................. 71

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
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 STANDARD GENERAL CONDITIONS
OF THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT

ARTICLE 1—DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

1.01 Defined Terms

A. Wherever used in the Bidding Requirements or Contract Documents, a term printed with
initial capital letters, including the term’s singular and plural forms, will have the meaning
indicated in the definitions below. In addition to terms specifically defined, terms with initial
capital letters in the Contract Documents include references to identified articles and
paragraphs, and the titles of other documents or forms.
1. Addenda—Written or graphic instruments issued prior to the opening of Bids which
clarify, correct, or change the Bidding Requirements or the proposed Contract
Documents.
2. Agreement—The written instrument, executed by Owner and Contractor, that sets forth
the Contract Price and Contract Times, identifies the parties and the Engineer, and
designates the specific items that are Contract Documents.
3. Application for Payment—The document prepared by Contractor, in a form acceptable
to Engineer, to request progress or final payments, and which is to be accompanied by
such supporting documentation as is required by the Contract Documents.
4. Bid—The offer of a Bidder submitted on the prescribed form setting forth the prices for
the Work to be performed.
5. Bidder—An individual or entity that submits a Bid to Owner.
6. Bidding Documents—The Bidding Requirements, the proposed Contract Documents,
and all Addenda.
7. Bidding Requirements—The Advertisement or invitation to bid, Instructions to Bidders,
Bid Bond or other Bid security, if any, the Bid Form, and the Bid with any attachments.
8. Change Order—A document which is signed by Contractor and Owner and authorizes an
addition, deletion, or revision in the Work or an adjustment in the Contract Price or the
Contract Times, or other revision to the Contract, issued on or after the Effective Date of
the Contract.
9. Change Proposal—A written request by Contractor, duly submitted in compliance with
the procedural requirements set forth herein, seeking an adjustment in Contract Price
or Contract Times; contesting an initial decision by Engineer concerning the
requirements of the Contract Documents or the acceptability of Work under the
Contract Documents; challenging a set-off against payments due; or seeking other relief
with respect to the terms of the Contract.
10. Claim
a. A demand or assertion by Owner directly to Contractor, duly submitted in
compliance with the procedural requirements set forth herein, seeking an
adjustment of Contract Price or Contract Times; contesting an initial decision by
EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.
©
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 Engineer concerning the requirements of the Contract Documents or the
acceptability of Work under the Contract Documents; contesting Engineer’s decision
regarding a Change Proposal; seeking resolution of a contractual issue that Engineer
has declined to address; or seeking other relief with respect to the terms of the
Contract.
b. A demand or assertion by Contractor directly to Owner, duly submitted in
compliance with the procedural requirements set forth herein, contesting
Engineer’s decision regarding a Change Proposal, or seeking resolution of a
contractual issue that Engineer has declined to address.
c. A demand or assertion by Owner or Contractor, duly submitted in compliance with
the procedural requirements set forth herein, made pursuant to
Paragraph 12.01.A.4, concerning disputes arising after Engineer has issued a
recommendation of final payment.
d. A demand for money or services by a third party is not a Claim.
11. Constituent of Concern—Asbestos, petroleum, radioactive materials, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), lead-based paint (as defined by the HUD/EPA standard), hazardous
waste, and any substance, product, waste, or other material of any nature whatsoever
that is or becomes listed, regulated, or addressed pursuant to Laws and Regulations
regulating, relating to, or imposing liability or standards of conduct concerning, any
hazardous, toxic, or dangerous waste, substance, or material.
12. Contract—The entire and integrated written contract between Owner and Contractor
concerning the Work.
13. Contract Documents—Those items so designated in the Agreement, and which together
comprise the Contract.
14. Contract Price—The money that Owner has agreed to pay Contractor for completion of
the Work in accordance with the Contract Documents.
15. Contract Times—The number of days or the dates by which Contractor shall: (a) achieve
Milestones, if any; (b) achieve Substantial Completion; and (c) complete the Work.
16. Contractor—The individual or entity with which Owner has contracted for performance
of the Work.
17. Cost of the Work—See Paragraph 13.01 for definition.
18. Drawings—The part of the Contract that graphically shows the scope, extent, and
character of the Work to be performed by Contractor.
19. Effective Date of the Contract—The date, indicated in the Agreement, on which the
Contract becomes effective.
20. Electronic Document—Any Project-related correspondence, attachments to
correspondence, data, documents, drawings, information, or graphics, including but not
limited to Shop Drawings and other Submittals, that are in an electronic or digital
format.
21. Electronic Means—Electronic mail (email), upload/download from a secure Project
website, or other communications methods that allow: (a) the transmission or

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

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 communication of Electronic Documents; (b) the documentation of transmissions,
including sending and receipt; (c) printing of the transmitted Electronic Document by
the recipient; (d) the storage and archiving of the Electronic Document by sender and
recipient; and (e) the use by recipient of the Electronic Document for purposes
permitted by this Contract. Electronic Means does not include the use of text
messaging, or of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or similar social media services for
transmission of Electronic Documents.
22. Engineer—The individual or entity named as such in the Agreement.
23. Field Order—A written order issued by Engineer which requires minor changes in the
Work but does not change the Contract Price or the Contract Times.
24. Hazardous Environmental Condition—The presence at the Site of Constituents of
Concern in such quantities or circumstances that may present a danger to persons or
property exposed thereto.
a. The presence at the Site of materials that are necessary for the execution of the
Work, or that are to be incorporated into the Work, and that are controlled and
contained pursuant to industry practices, Laws and Regulations, and the
requirements of the Contract, is not a Hazardous Environmental Condition.
b. The presence of Constituents of Concern that are to be removed or remediated as
part of the Work is not a Hazardous Environmental Condition.
c. The presence of Constituents of Concern as part of the routine, anticipated, and
obvious working conditions at the Site, is not a Hazardous Environmental Condition.
25. Laws and Regulations; Laws or Regulations—Any and all applicable laws, statutes, rules,
regulations, ordinances, codes, and binding decrees, resolutions, and orders of any and
all governmental bodies, agencies, authorities, and courts having jurisdiction.
26. Liens—Charges, security interests, or encumbrances upon Contract-related funds, real
property, or personal property.
27. Milestone—A principal event in the performance of the Work that the Contract requires
Contractor to achieve by an intermediate completion date, or by a time prior to
Substantial Completion of all the Work.
28. Notice of Award—The written notice by Owner to a Bidder of Owner’s acceptance of the
Bid.
29. Notice to Proceed—A written notice by Owner to Contractor fixing the date on which
the Contract Times will commence to run and on which Contractor shall start to perform
the Work.
30. Owner—The individual or entity with which Contractor has contracted regarding the
Work, and which has agreed to pay Contractor for the performance of the Work,
pursuant to the terms of the Contract.
31. Progress Schedule—A schedule, prepared and maintained by Contractor, describing the
sequence and duration of the activities comprising Contractor’s plan to accomplish the
Work within the Contract Times.

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

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 32. Project—The total undertaking to be accomplished for Owner by engineers, contractors,
and others, including planning, study, design, construction, testing, commissioning, and
start-up, and of which the Work to be performed under the Contract Documents is a
part.
33. Resident Project Representative—The authorized representative of Engineer assigned to
assist Engineer at the Site. As used herein, the term Resident Project Representative
(RPR) includes any assistants or field staff of Resident Project Representative.
34. Samples—Physical examples of materials, equipment, or workmanship that are
representative of some portion of the Work and that establish the standards by which
such portion of the Work will be judged.
35. Schedule of Submittals—A schedule, prepared and maintained by Contractor, of
required submittals and the time requirements for Engineer’s review of the submittals.
36. Schedule of Values—A schedule, prepared and maintained by Contractor, allocating
portions of the Contract Price to various portions of the Work and used as the basis for
reviewing Contractor’s Applications for Payment.
37. Shop Drawings—All drawings, diagrams, illustrations, schedules, and other data or
information that are specifically prepared or assembled by or for Contractor and
submitted by Contractor to illustrate some portion of the Work. Shop Drawings,
whether approved or not, are not Drawings and are not Contract Documents.
38. Site—Lands or areas indicated in the Contract Documents as being furnished by Owner
upon which the Work is to be performed, including rights-of-way and easements, and
such other lands or areas furnished by Owner which are designated for the use of
Contractor.
39. Specifications—The part of the Contract that consists of written requirements for
materials, equipment, systems, standards, and workmanship as applied to the Work,
and certain administrative requirements and procedural matters applicable to the Work.
40. Subcontractor—An individual or entity having a direct contract with Contractor or with
any other Subcontractor for the performance of a part of the Work.
41. Submittal—A written or graphic document, prepared by or for Contractor, which the
Contract Documents require Contractor to submit to Engineer, or that is indicated as a
Submittal in the Schedule of Submittals accepted by Engineer. Submittals may include
Shop Drawings and Samples; schedules; product data; Owner-delegated designs;
sustainable design information; information on special procedures; testing plans; results
of tests and evaluations, source quality-control testing and inspections, and field or Site
quality-control testing and inspections; warranties and certifications; Suppliers’
instructions and reports; records of delivery of spare parts and tools; operations and
maintenance data; Project photographic documentation; record documents; and other
such documents required by the Contract Documents. Submittals, whether or not
approved or accepted by Engineer, are not Contract Documents. Change Proposals,
Change Orders, Claims, notices, Applications for Payment, and requests for
interpretation or clarification are not Submittals.
42. Substantial Completion—The time at which the Work (or a specified part thereof) has
progressed to the point where, in the opinion of Engineer, the Work (or a specified part
EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.
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 thereof) is sufficiently complete, in accordance with the Contract Documents, so that
the Work (or a specified part thereof) can be utilized for the purposes for which it is
intended. The terms “substantially complete” and “substantially completed” as applied
to all or part of the Work refer to Substantial Completion of such Work.
43. Successful Bidder—The Bidder to which the Owner makes an award of contract.
44. Supplementary Conditions—The part of the Contract that amends or supplements these
General Conditions.
45. Supplier—A manufacturer, fabricator, supplier, distributor, or vendor having a direct
contract with Contractor or with any Subcontractor to furnish materials or equipment to
be incorporated in the Work by Contractor or a Subcontractor.
46. Technical Data
a. Those items expressly identified as Technical Data in the Supplementary Conditions,
with respect to either (1) existing subsurface conditions at or adjacent to the Site, or
existing physical conditions at or adjacent to the Site including existing surface or
subsurface structures (except Underground Facilities) or (2) Hazardous
Environmental Conditions at the Site.
b. If no such express identifications of Technical Data have been made with respect to
conditions at the Site, then Technical Data is defined, with respect to conditions at
the Site under Paragraphs 5.03, 5.04, and 5.06, as the data contained in boring logs,
recorded measurements of subsurface water levels, assessments of the condition of
subsurface facilities, laboratory test results, and other factual, objective information
regarding conditions at the Site that are set forth in any geotechnical,
environmental, or other Site or facilities conditions report prepared for the Project
and made available to Contractor.
c. Information and data regarding the presence or location of Underground Facilities
are not intended to be categorized, identified, or defined as Technical Data, and
instead Underground Facilities are shown or indicated on the Drawings.
47. Underground Facilities—All active or not-in-service underground lines, pipelines,
conduits, ducts, encasements, cables, wires, manholes, vaults, tanks, tunnels, or other
such facilities or systems at the Site, including but not limited to those facilities or
systems that produce, transmit, distribute, or convey telephone or other
communications, cable television, fiber optic transmissions, power, electricity, light,
heat, gases, oil, crude oil products, liquid petroleum products, water, steam, waste,
wastewater, storm water, other liquids or chemicals, or traffic or other control systems.
An abandoned facility or system is not an Underground Facility.
48. Unit Price Work—Work to be paid for on the basis of unit prices.
49. Work—The entire construction or the various separately identifiable parts thereof
required to be provided under the Contract Documents. Work includes and is the result
of performing or providing all labor, services, and documentation necessary to produce
such construction; furnishing, installing, and incorporating all materials and equipment
into such construction; and may include related services such as testing, start-up, and
commissioning, all as required by the Contract Documents.

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

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 50. Work Change Directive—A written directive to Contractor issued on or after the
Effective Date of the Contract, signed by Owner and recommended by Engineer,
ordering an addition, deletion, or revision in the Work.
1.02 Terminology
A. The words and terms discussed in Paragraphs 1.02.B, C, D, and E are not defined terms that
require initial capital letters, but, when used in the Bidding Requirements or Contract
Documents, have the indicated meaning.
B. Intent of Certain Terms or Adjectives: The Contract Documents include the terms “as
allowed,” “as approved,” “as ordered,” “as directed” or terms of like effect or import to
authorize an exercise of professional judgment by Engineer. In addition, the adjectives
“reasonable,” “suitable,” “acceptable,” “proper,” “satisfactory,” or adjectives of like effect
or import are used to describe an action or determination of Engineer as to the Work. It is
intended that such exercise of professional judgment, action, or determination will be solely
to evaluate, in general, the Work for compliance with the information in the Contract
Documents and with the design concept of the Project as a functioning whole as shown or
indicated in the Contract Documents (unless there is a specific statement indicating
otherwise). The use of any such term or adjective is not intended to and shall not be
effective to assign to Engineer any duty or authority to supervise or direct the performance
of the Work, or any duty or authority to undertake responsibility contrary to the provisions
of Article 10 or any other provision of the Contract Documents.
C. Day: The word “day” means a calendar day of 24 hours measured from midnight to the next
midnight.
D. Defective: The word “defective,” when modifying the word “Work,” refers to Work that is
unsatisfactory, faulty, or deficient in that it:
1. does not conform to the Contract Documents;
2. does not meet the requirements of any applicable inspection, reference standard, test,
or approval referred to in the Contract Documents; or
3. has been damaged prior to Engineer’s recommendation of final payment (unless
responsibility for the protection thereof has been assumed by Owner at Substantial
Completion in accordance with Paragraph 15.03 or Paragraph 15.04).
E. Furnish, Install, Perform, Provide
1. The word “furnish,” when used in connection with services, materials, or equipment,
means to supply and deliver said services, materials, or equipment to the Site (or some
other specified location) ready for use or installation and in usable or operable
condition.
2. The word “install,” when used in connection with services, materials, or equipment,
means to put into use or place in final position said services, materials, or equipment
complete and ready for intended use.
3. The words “perform” or “provide,” when used in connection with services, materials, or
equipment, means to furnish and install said services, materials, or equipment complete
and ready for intended use.

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 4. If the Contract Documents establish an obligation of Contractor with respect to specific
services, materials, or equipment, but do not expressly use any of the four words
“furnish,” “install,” “perform,” or “provide,” then Contractor shall furnish and install said
services, materials, or equipment complete and ready for intended use.
F. Contract Price or Contract Times: References to a change in “Contract Price or Contract
Times” or “Contract Times or Contract Price” or similar, indicate that such change applies to
(1) Contract Price, (2) Contract Times, or (3) both Contract Price and Contract Times, as
warranted, even if the term “or both” is not expressed.
G. Unless stated otherwise in the Contract Documents, words or phrases that have a well-
known technical or construction industry or trade meaning are used in the Contract
Documents in accordance with such recognized meaning.

ARTICLE 2—PRELIMINARY MATTERS

2.01 Delivery of Performance and Payment Bonds; Evidence of Insurance

A. Performance and Payment Bonds: When Contractor delivers the signed counterparts of the
Agreement to Owner, Contractor shall also deliver to Owner the performance bond and
payment bond (if the Contract requires Contractor to furnish such bonds).
B. Evidence of Contractor’s Insurance: When Contractor delivers the signed counterparts of the
Agreement to Owner, Contractor shall also deliver to Owner, with copies to each additional
insured (as identified in the Contract), the certificates, endorsements, and other evidence of
insurance required to be provided by Contractor in accordance with Article 6, except to the
extent the Supplementary Conditions expressly establish other dates for delivery of specific
insurance policies.
C. Evidence of Owner’s Insurance: After receipt of the signed counterparts of the Agreement
and all required bonds and insurance documentation, Owner shall promptly deliver to
Contractor, with copies to each additional insured (as identified in the Contract), the
certificates and other evidence of insurance required to be provided by Owner under
Article 6.
2.02 Copies of Documents
A. Owner shall furnish to Contractor four printed copies of the Contract (including one fully
signed counterpart of the Agreement), and one copy in electronic portable document
format (PDF). Additional printed copies will be furnished upon request at the cost of
reproduction.
B. Owner shall maintain and safeguard at least one original printed record version of the
Contract, including Drawings and Specifications signed and sealed by Engineer and other
design professionals. Owner shall make such original printed record version of the Contract
available to Contractor for review. Owner may delegate the responsibilities under this
provision to Engineer.

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2.03 Before Starting Construction
A. Preliminary Schedules: Within 10 days after the Effective Date of the Contract (or as
otherwise required by the Contract Documents), Contractor shall submit to Engineer for
timely review:
1. a preliminary Progress Schedule indicating the times (numbers of days or dates) for
starting and completing the various stages of the Work, including any Milestones
specified in the Contract;
2. a preliminary Schedule of Submittals; and
3. a preliminary Schedule of Values for all of the Work which includes quantities and prices
of items which when added together equal the Contract Price and subdivides the Work
into component parts in sufficient detail to serve as the basis for progress payments
during performance of the Work. Such prices will include an appropriate amount of
overhead and profit applicable to each item of Work.
2.04 Preconstruction Conference; Designation of Authorized Representatives
A. Before any Work at the Site is started, a conference attended by Owner, Contractor,
Engineer, and others as appropriate will be held to establish a working understanding
among the parties as to the Work, and to discuss the schedules referred to in
Paragraph 2.03.A, procedures for handling Shop Drawings, Samples, and other Submittals,
processing Applications for Payment, electronic or digital transmittals, and maintaining
required records.
B. At this conference Owner and Contractor each shall designate, in writing, a specific
individual to act as its authorized representative with respect to the services and
responsibilities under the Contract. Such individuals shall have the authority to transmit and
receive information, render decisions relative to the Contract, and otherwise act on behalf
of each respective party.
2.05 Acceptance of Schedules
A. At least 10 days before submission of the first Application for Payment a conference,
attended by Contractor, Engineer, and others as appropriate, will be held to review the
schedules submitted in accordance with Paragraph 2.03.A. No progress payment will be
made to Contractor until acceptable schedules are submitted to Engineer.
1. The Progress Schedule will be acceptable to Engineer if it provides an orderly
progression of the Work to completion within the Contract Times. Such acceptance will
not impose on Engineer responsibility for the Progress Schedule, for sequencing,
scheduling, or progress of the Work, nor interfere with or relieve Contractor from
Contractor’s full responsibility therefor.
2. Contractor’s Schedule of Submittals will be acceptable to Engineer if it provides a
workable arrangement for reviewing and processing the required submittals.
3. Contractor’s Schedule of Values will be acceptable to Engineer as to form and substance
if it provides a reasonable allocation of the Contract Price to the component parts of the
Work.
4. If a schedule is not acceptable, Contractor will have an additional 10 days to revise and
resubmit the schedule.
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2.06 Electronic Transmittals
A. Except as otherwise stated elsewhere in the Contract, the Owner, Engineer, and Contractor
may send, and shall accept, Electronic Documents transmitted by Electronic Means.
B. If the Contract does not establish protocols for Electronic Means, then Owner, Engineer, and
Contractor shall jointly develop such protocols.
C. Subject to any governing protocols for Electronic Means, when transmitting Electronic
Documents by Electronic Means, the transmitting party makes no representations as to
long-term compatibility, usability, or readability of the Electronic Documents resulting from
the recipient’s use of software application packages, operating systems, or computer
hardware differing from those used in the drafting or transmittal of the Electronic
Documents.

ARTICLE 3—CONTRACT DOCUMENTS: INTENT, REQUIREMENTS, REUSE

3.01 Intent
A. The Contract Documents are complementary; what is required by one Contract Document is
as binding as if required by all.
B. It is the intent of the Contract Documents to describe a functionally complete Project (or
part thereof) to be constructed in accordance with the Contract Documents.
C. Unless otherwise stated in the Contract Documents, if there is a discrepancy between the
electronic versions of the Contract Documents (including any printed copies derived from
such electronic versions) and the printed record version, the printed record version will
govern.
D. The Contract supersedes prior negotiations, representations, and agreements, whether
written or oral.
E. Engineer will issue clarifications and interpretations of the Contract Documents as provided
herein.
F. Any provision or part of the Contract Documents held to be void or unenforceable under
any Law or Regulation will be deemed stricken, and all remaining provisions will continue to
be valid and binding upon Owner and Contractor, which agree that the Contract Documents
will be reformed to replace such stricken provision or part thereof with a valid and
enforceable provision that comes as close as possible to expressing the intention of the
stricken provision.
G. Nothing in the Contract Documents creates:
1. any contractual relationship between Owner or Engineer and any Subcontractor,
Supplier, or other individual or entity performing or furnishing any of the Work, for the
benefit of such Subcontractor, Supplier, or other individual or entity; or
2. any obligation on the part of Owner or Engineer to pay or to see to the payment of any
money due any such Subcontractor, Supplier, or other individual or entity, except as
may otherwise be required by Laws and Regulations.

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3.02 Reference Standards
A. Standards Specifications, Codes, Laws and Regulations
1. Reference in the Contract Documents to standard specifications, manuals, reference
standards, or codes of any technical society, organization, or association, or to Laws or
Regulations, whether such reference be specific or by implication, means the standard
specification, manual, reference standard, code, or Laws or Regulations in effect at the
time of opening of Bids (or on the Effective Date of the Contract if there were no Bids),
except as may be otherwise specifically stated in the Contract Documents.
2. No provision of any such standard specification, manual, reference standard, or code,
and no instruction of a Supplier, will be effective to change the duties or responsibilities
of Owner, Contractor, or Engineer from those set forth in the part of the Contract
Documents prepared by or for Engineer. No such provision or instruction shall be
effective to assign to Owner or Engineer any duty or authority to supervise or direct the
performance of the Work, or any duty or authority to undertake responsibility
inconsistent with the provisions of the part of the Contract Documents prepared by or
for Engineer.
3.03 Reporting and Resolving Discrepancies
A. Reporting Discrepancies
1. Contractor’s Verification of Figures and Field Measurements: Before undertaking each
part of the Work, Contractor shall carefully study the Contract Documents, and check
and verify pertinent figures and dimensions therein, particularly with respect to
applicable field measurements. Contractor shall promptly report in writing to Engineer
any conflict, error, ambiguity, or discrepancy that Contractor discovers, or has actual
knowledge of, and shall not proceed with any Work affected thereby until the conflict,
error, ambiguity, or discrepancy is resolved by a clarification or interpretation by
Engineer, or by an amendment or supplement to the Contract issued pursuant to
Paragraph 11.01.
2. Contractor’s Review of Contract Documents: If, before or during the performance of the
Work, Contractor discovers any conflict, error, ambiguity, or discrepancy within the
Contract Documents, or between the Contract Documents and (a) any applicable Law or
Regulation, (b) actual field conditions, (c) any standard specification, manual, reference
standard, or code, or (d) any instruction of any Supplier, then Contractor shall promptly
report it to Engineer in writing. Contractor shall not proceed with the Work affected
thereby (except in an emergency as required by Paragraph 7.15) until the conflict, error,
ambiguity, or discrepancy is resolved, by a clarification or interpretation by Engineer, or
by an amendment or supplement to the Contract issued pursuant to Paragraph 11.01.
3. Contractor shall not be liable to Owner or Engineer for failure to report any conflict,
error, ambiguity, or discrepancy in the Contract Documents unless Contractor had actual
knowledge thereof.
B. Resolving Discrepancies
1. Except as may be otherwise specifically stated in the Contract Documents, the
provisions of the part of the Contract Documents prepared by or for Engineer take

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 precedence in resolving any conflict, error, ambiguity, or discrepancy between such
provisions of the Contract Documents and:
a. the provisions of any standard specification, manual, reference standard, or code, or
the instruction of any Supplier (whether or not specifically incorporated by
reference as a Contract Document); or
b. the provisions of any Laws or Regulations applicable to the performance of the
Work (unless such an interpretation of the provisions of the Contract Documents
would result in violation of such Law or Regulation).
3.04 Requirements of the Contract Documents
A. During the performance of the Work and until final payment, Contractor and Owner shall
submit to the Engineer in writing all matters in question concerning the requirements of the
Contract Documents (sometimes referred to as requests for information or interpretation—
RFIs), or relating to the acceptability of the Work under the Contract Documents, as soon as
possible after such matters arise. Engineer will be the initial interpreter of the requirements
of the Contract Documents, and judge of the acceptability of the Work.
B. Engineer will, with reasonable promptness, render a written clarification, interpretation, or
decision on the issue submitted, or initiate an amendment or supplement to the Contract
Documents. Engineer’s written clarification, interpretation, or decision will be final and
binding on Contractor, unless it appeals by submitting a Change Proposal, and on Owner,
unless it appeals by filing a Claim.
C. If a submitted matter in question concerns terms and conditions of the Contract Documents
that do not involve (1) the performance or acceptability of the Work under the Contract
Documents, (2) the design (as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise), or (3)
other engineering or technical matters, then Engineer will promptly notify Owner and
Contractor in writing that Engineer is unable to provide a decision or interpretation. If
Owner and Contractor are unable to agree on resolution of such a matter in question, either
party may pursue resolution as provided in Article 12.
3.05 Reuse of Documents
A. Contractor and its Subcontractors and Suppliers shall not:
1. have or acquire any title to or ownership rights in any of the Drawings, Specifications, or
other documents (or copies of any thereof) prepared by or bearing the seal of Engineer
or its consultants, including electronic media versions, or reuse any such Drawings,
Specifications, other documents, or copies thereof on extensions of the Project or any
other project without written consent of Owner and Engineer and specific written
verification or adaptation by Engineer; or
2. have or acquire any title or ownership rights in any other Contract Documents, reuse
any such Contract Documents for any purpose without Owner’s express written
consent, or violate any copyrights pertaining to such Contract Documents.
B. The prohibitions of this Paragraph 3.05 will survive final payment, or termination of the
Contract. Nothing herein precludes Contractor from retaining copies of the Contract
Documents for record purposes.

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ARTICLE 4—COMMENCEMENT AND PROGRESS OF THE WORK

4.01 Commencement of Contract Times; Notice to Proceed

A. The Contract Times will commence to run on the 30th day after the Effective Date of the
Contract or, if a Notice to Proceed is given, on the day indicated in the Notice to Proceed. A
Notice to Proceed may be given at any time within 30 days after the Effective Date of the
Contract. In no event will the Contract Times commence to run later than the 60th day after
the day of Bid opening or the 30th day after the Effective Date of the Contract, whichever
date is earlier.
4.02 Starting the Work
A. Contractor shall start to perform the Work on the date when the Contract Times commence
to run. No Work may be done at the Site prior to such date.
4.03 Reference Points
A. Owner shall provide engineering surveys to establish reference points for construction
which in Engineer’s judgment are necessary to enable Contractor to proceed with the Work.
Contractor shall be responsible for laying out the Work, shall protect and preserve the
established reference points and property monuments, and shall make no changes or
relocations without the prior written approval of Owner. Contractor shall report to Engineer
whenever any reference point or property monument is lost or destroyed or requires
relocation because of necessary changes in grades or locations, and shall be responsible for
the accurate replacement or relocation of such reference points or property monuments by
professionally qualified personnel.
4.04 Progress Schedule
A. Contractor shall adhere to the Progress Schedule established in accordance with
Paragraph 2.05 as it may be adjusted from time to time as provided below.
1. Contractor shall submit to Engineer for acceptance (to the extent indicated in
Paragraph 2.05) proposed adjustments in the Progress Schedule that will not result in
changing the Contract Times.
2. Proposed adjustments in the Progress Schedule that will change the Contract Times
must be submitted in accordance with the requirements of Article 11.
B. Contractor shall carry on the Work and adhere to the Progress Schedule during all disputes
or disagreements with Owner. No Work will be delayed or postponed pending resolution of
any disputes or disagreements, or during any appeal process, except as permitted by
Paragraph 16.04, or as Owner and Contractor may otherwise agree in writing.
4.05 Delays in Contractor’s Progress
A. If Owner, Engineer, or anyone for whom Owner is responsible, delays, disrupts, or interferes
with the performance or progress of the Work, then Contractor shall be entitled to an
equitable adjustment in Contract Price or Contract Times.
B. Contractor shall not be entitled to an adjustment in Contract Price or Contract Times for
delay, disruption, or interference caused by or within the control of Contractor. Delay,
disruption, and interference attributable to and within the control of a Subcontractor or
Supplier shall be deemed to be within the control of Contractor.
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C. If Contractor’s performance or progress is delayed, disrupted, or interfered with by
unanticipated causes not the fault of and beyond the control of Owner, Contractor, and
those for which they are responsible, then Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable
adjustment in Contract Times. Such an adjustment will be Contractor’s sole and exclusive
remedy for the delays, disruption, and interference described in this paragraph. Causes of
delay, disruption, or interference that may give rise to an adjustment in Contract Times
under this paragraph include but are not limited to the following:
1. Severe and unavoidable natural catastrophes such as fires, floods, epidemics, and
earthquakes;
2. Abnormal weather conditions;
3. Acts or failures to act of third-party utility owners or other third-party entities (other
than those third-party utility owners or other third-party entities performing other work
at or adjacent to the Site as arranged by or under contract with Owner, as contemplated
in Article 8); and
4. Acts of war or terrorism.
D. Contractor’s entitlement to an adjustment of Contract Times or Contract Price is limited as
follows:
1. Contractor’s entitlement to an adjustment of the Contract Times is conditioned on the
delay, disruption, or interference adversely affecting an activity on the critical path to
completion of the Work, as of the time of the delay, disruption, or interference.
2. Contractor shall not be entitled to an adjustment in Contract Price for any delay,
disruption, or interference if such delay is concurrent with a delay, disruption, or
interference caused by or within the control of Contractor. Such a concurrent delay by
Contractor shall not preclude an adjustment of Contract Times to which Contractor is
otherwise entitled.
3. Adjustments of Contract Times or Contract Price are subject to the provisions of
Article 11.
E. Each Contractor request or Change Proposal seeking an increase in Contract Times or
Contract Price must be supplemented by supporting data that sets forth in detail the
following:
1. The circumstances that form the basis for the requested adjustment;
2. The date upon which each cause of delay, disruption, or interference began to affect the
progress of the Work;
3. The date upon which each cause of delay, disruption, or interference ceased to affect
the progress of the Work;
4. The number of days’ increase in Contract Times claimed as a consequence of each such
cause of delay, disruption, or interference; and
5. The impact on Contract Price, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 11.07.
Contractor shall also furnish such additional supporting documentation as Owner or
Engineer may require including, where appropriate, a revised progress schedule indicating
all the activities affected by the delay, disruption, or interference, and an explanation of the
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 effect of the delay, disruption, or interference on the critical path to completion of the
Work.
F. Delays, disruption, and interference to the performance or progress of the Work resulting
from the existence of a differing subsurface or physical condition, an Underground Facility
that was not shown or indicated by the Contract Documents, or not shown or indicated with
reasonable accuracy, and those resulting from Hazardous Environmental Conditions, are
governed by Article 5, together with the provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D and 4.05.E.
G. Paragraph 8.03 addresses delays, disruption, and interference to the performance or
progress of the Work resulting from the performance of certain other work at or adjacent to
the Site.

ARTICLE 5—SITE; SUBSURFACE AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS

5.01 Availability of Lands

A. Owner shall furnish the Site. Owner shall notify Contractor in writing of any encumbrances
or restrictions not of general application but specifically related to use of the Site with which
Contractor must comply in performing the Work.
B. Upon reasonable written request, Owner shall furnish Contractor with a current statement
of record legal title and legal description of the lands upon which permanent improvements
are to be made and Owner’s interest therein as necessary for giving notice of or filing a
mechanic’s or construction lien against such lands in accordance with applicable Laws and
Regulations.
C. Contractor shall provide for all additional lands and access thereto that may be required for
temporary construction facilities or storage of materials and equipment.
5.02 Use of Site and Other Areas
A. Limitation on Use of Site and Other Areas
1. Contractor shall confine construction equipment, temporary construction facilities, the
storage of materials and equipment, and the operations of workers to the Site, adjacent
areas that Contractor has arranged to use through construction easements or
otherwise, and other adjacent areas permitted by Laws and Regulations, and shall not
unreasonably encumber the Site and such other adjacent areas with construction
equipment or other materials or equipment. Contractor shall assume full responsibility
for (a) damage to the Site; (b) damage to any such other adjacent areas used for
Contractor’s operations; (c) damage to any other adjacent land or areas, or to
improvements, structures, utilities, or similar facilities located at such adjacent lands or
areas; and (d) for injuries and losses sustained by the owners or occupants of any such
land or areas; provided that such damage or injuries result from the performance of the
Work or from other actions or conduct of the Contractor or those for which Contractor
is responsible.
2. If a damage or injury claim is made by the owner or occupant of any such land or area
because of the performance of the Work, or because of other actions or conduct of the
Contractor or those for which Contractor is responsible, Contractor shall (a) take
immediate corrective or remedial action as required by Paragraph 7.13, or otherwise;
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 (b) promptly attempt to settle the claim as to all parties through negotiations with such
owner or occupant, or otherwise resolve the claim by arbitration or other dispute
resolution proceeding, or in a court of competent jurisdiction; and (c) to the fullest
extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, indemnify and hold harmless Owner and
Engineer, and the officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents,
consultants and subcontractors of each and any of them, from and against any such
claim, and against all costs, losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and
charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals and all court or
arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to any claim or
action, legal or equitable, brought by any such owner or occupant against Owner,
Engineer, or any other party indemnified hereunder to the extent caused directly or
indirectly, in whole or in part by, or based upon, Contractor’s performance of the Work,
or because of other actions or conduct of the Contractor or those for which Contractor
is responsible.
B. Removal of Debris During Performance of the Work: During the progress of the Work the
Contractor shall keep the Site and other adjacent areas free from accumulations of waste
materials, rubbish, and other debris. Removal and disposal of such waste materials, rubbish,
and other debris will conform to applicable Laws and Regulations.
C. Cleaning: Prior to Substantial Completion of the Work Contractor shall clean the Site and the
Work and make it ready for utilization by Owner. At the completion of the Work Contractor
shall remove from the Site and adjacent areas all tools, appliances, construction equipment
and machinery, and surplus materials and shall restore to original condition all property not
designated for alteration by the Contract Documents.
D. Loading of Structures: Contractor shall not load nor permit any part of any structure to be
loaded in any manner that will endanger the structure, nor shall Contractor subject any part
of the Work or adjacent structures or land to stresses or pressures that will endanger them.
5.03 Subsurface and Physical Conditions
A. Reports and Drawings: The Supplementary Conditions identify:
1. Those reports of explorations and tests of subsurface conditions at or adjacent to the
Site that contain Technical Data;
2. Those drawings of existing physical conditions at or adjacent to the Site, including those
drawings depicting existing surface or subsurface structures at or adjacent to the Site
(except Underground Facilities), that contain Technical Data; and
3. Technical Data contained in such reports and drawings.
B. Underground Facilities: Underground Facilities are shown or indicated on the Drawings,
pursuant to Paragraph 5.05, and not in the drawings referred to in Paragraph 5.03.A.
Information and data regarding the presence or location of Underground Facilities are not
intended to be categorized, identified, or defined as Technical Data.
C. Reliance by Contractor on Technical Data: Contractor may rely upon the accuracy of the
Technical Data expressly identified in the Supplementary Conditions with respect to such
reports and drawings, but such reports and drawings are not Contract Documents. If no such
express identification has been made, then Contractor may rely upon the accuracy of the
Technical Data as defined in Paragraph 1.01.A.46.b.
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 D. Limitations of Other Data and Documents: Except for such reliance on Technical Data,
Contractor may not rely upon or make any claim against Owner or Engineer, or any of their
officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, or subcontractors,
with respect to:
1. the completeness of such reports and drawings for Contractor’s purposes, including, but
not limited to, any aspects of the means, methods, techniques, sequences, and
procedures of construction to be employed by Contractor, and safety precautions and
programs incident thereto;
2. other data, interpretations, opinions, and information contained in such reports or
shown or indicated in such drawings;
3. the contents of other Site-related documents made available to Contractor, such as
record drawings from other projects at or adjacent to the Site, or Owner’s archival
documents concerning the Site; or
4. any Contractor interpretation of or conclusion drawn from any Technical Data or any
such other data, interpretations, opinions, or information.
5.04 Differing Subsurface or Physical Conditions
A. Notice by Contractor: If Contractor believes that any subsurface or physical condition that is
uncovered or revealed at the Site:
1. is of such a nature as to establish that any Technical Data on which Contractor is entitled
to rely as provided in Paragraph 5.03 is materially inaccurate;
2. is of such a nature as to require a change in the Drawings or Specifications;
3. differs materially from that shown or indicated in the Contract Documents; or
4. is of an unusual nature, and differs materially from conditions ordinarily encountered
and generally recognized as inherent in work of the character provided for in the
Contract Documents;
then Contractor shall, promptly after becoming aware thereof and before further disturbing
the subsurface or physical conditions or performing any Work in connection therewith
(except in an emergency as required by Paragraph 7.15), notify Owner and Engineer in
writing about such condition. Contractor shall not further disturb such condition or perform
any Work in connection therewith (except with respect to an emergency) until receipt of a
written statement permitting Contractor to do so.
B. Engineer’s Review: After receipt of written notice as required by the preceding paragraph,
Engineer will promptly review the subsurface or physical condition in question; determine
whether it is necessary for Owner to obtain additional exploration or tests with respect to
the condition; conclude whether the condition falls within any one or more of the differing
site condition categories in Paragraph 5.04.A; obtain any pertinent cost or schedule
information from Contractor; prepare recommendations to Owner regarding the
Contractor’s resumption of Work in connection with the subsurface or physical condition in
question and the need for any change in the Drawings or Specifications; and advise Owner
in writing of Engineer’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
C. Owner’s Statement to Contractor Regarding Site Condition: After receipt of Engineer’s
written findings, conclusions, and recommendations, Owner shall issue a written statement
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 to Contractor (with a copy to Engineer) regarding the subsurface or physical condition in
question, addressing the resumption of Work in connection with such condition, indicating
whether any change in the Drawings or Specifications will be made, and adopting or
rejecting Engineer’s written findings, conclusions, and recommendations, in whole or in
part.
D. Early Resumption of Work: If at any time Engineer determines that Work in connection with
the subsurface or physical condition in question may resume prior to completion of
Engineer’s review or Owner’s issuance of its statement to Contractor, because the condition
in question has been adequately documented, and analyzed on a preliminary basis, then the
Engineer may at its discretion instruct Contractor to resume such Work.
E. Possible Price and Times Adjustments
1. Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment in Contract Price or Contract
Times, to the extent that the existence of a differing subsurface or physical condition, or
any related delay, disruption, or interference, causes an increase or decrease in
Contractor’s cost of, or time required for, performance of the Work; subject, however,
to the following:
a. Such condition must fall within any one or more of the categories described in
Paragraph 5.04.A;
b. With respect to Work that is paid for on a unit price basis, any adjustment in
Contract Price will be subject to the provisions of Paragraph 13.03; and,
c. Contractor’s entitlement to an adjustment of the Contract Times is subject to the
provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D and 4.05.E.
2. Contractor shall not be entitled to any adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract
Times with respect to a subsurface or physical condition if:
a. Contractor knew of the existence of such condition at the time Contractor made a
commitment to Owner with respect to Contract Price and Contract Times by the
submission of a Bid or becoming bound under a negotiated contract, or otherwise;
b. The existence of such condition reasonably could have been discovered or revealed
as a result of any examination, investigation, exploration, test, or study of the Site
and contiguous areas expressly required by the Bidding Requirements or Contract
Documents to be conducted by or for Contractor prior to Contractor’s making such
commitment; or
c. Contractor failed to give the written notice required by Paragraph 5.04.A.
3. If Owner and Contractor agree regarding Contractor’s entitlement to and the amount or
extent of any adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract Times, then any such
adjustment will be set forth in a Change Order.
4. Contractor may submit a Change Proposal regarding its entitlement to or the amount or
extent of any adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract Times, no later than 30 days
after Owner’s issuance of the Owner’s written statement to Contractor regarding the
subsurface or physical condition in question.
F. Underground Facilities; Hazardous Environmental Conditions: Paragraph 5.05 governs rights
and responsibilities regarding the presence or location of Underground Facilities.
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 Paragraph 5.06 governs rights and responsibilities regarding Hazardous Environmental
Conditions. The provisions of Paragraphs 5.03 and 5.04 are not applicable to the presence or
location of Underground Facilities, or to Hazardous Environmental Conditions.
5.05 Underground Facilities
A. Contractor’s Responsibilities: Unless it is otherwise expressly provided in the Supplementary
Conditions, the cost of all of the following are included in the Contract Price, and Contractor
shall have full responsibility for:
1. reviewing and checking all information and data regarding existing Underground
Facilities at the Site;
2. complying with applicable state and local utility damage prevention Laws and
Regulations;
3. verifying the actual location of those Underground Facilities shown or indicated in the
Contract Documents as being within the area affected by the Work, by exposing such
Underground Facilities during the course of construction;
4. coordination of the Work with the owners (including Owner) of such Underground
Facilities, during construction; and
5. the safety and protection of all existing Underground Facilities at the Site, and repairing
any damage thereto resulting from the Work.
B. Notice by Contractor: If Contractor believes that an Underground Facility that is uncovered
or revealed at the Site was not shown or indicated on the Drawings, or was not shown or
indicated on the Drawings with reasonable accuracy, then Contractor shall, promptly after
becoming aware thereof and before further disturbing conditions affected thereby or
performing any Work in connection therewith (except in an emergency as required by
Paragraph 7.15), notify Owner and Engineer in writing regarding such Underground Facility.
C. Engineer’s Review: Engineer will:
1. promptly review the Underground Facility and conclude whether such Underground
Facility was not shown or indicated on the Drawings, or was not shown or indicated with
reasonable accuracy;
2. identify and communicate with the owner of the Underground Facility; prepare
recommendations to Owner (and if necessary issue any preliminary instructions to
Contractor) regarding the Contractor’s resumption of Work in connection with the
Underground Facility in question;
3. obtain any pertinent cost or schedule information from Contractor; determine the
extent, if any, to which a change is required in the Drawings or Specifications to reflect
and document the consequences of the existence or location of the Underground
Facility; and
4. advise Owner in writing of Engineer’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
During such time, Contractor shall be responsible for the safety and protection of such
Underground Facility.
D. Owner’s Statement to Contractor Regarding Underground Facility: After receipt of
Engineer’s written findings, conclusions, and recommendations, Owner shall issue a written
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 statement to Contractor (with a copy to Engineer) regarding the Underground Facility in
question addressing the resumption of Work in connection with such Underground Facility,
indicating whether any change in the Drawings or Specifications will be made, and adopting
or rejecting Engineer’s written findings, conclusions, and recommendations in whole or in
part.
E. Early Resumption of Work: If at any time Engineer determines that Work in connection with
the Underground Facility may resume prior to completion of Engineer’s review or Owner’s
issuance of its statement to Contractor, because the Underground Facility in question and
conditions affected by its presence have been adequately documented, and analyzed on a
preliminary basis, then the Engineer may at its discretion instruct Contractor to resume such
Work.
F. Possible Price and Times Adjustments
1. Contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract
Times, to the extent that any existing Underground Facility at the Site that was not
shown or indicated on the Drawings, or was not shown or indicated with reasonable
accuracy, or any related delay, disruption, or interference, causes an increase or
decrease in Contractor’s cost of, or time required for, performance of the Work; subject,
however, to the following:
a. With respect to Work that is paid for on a unit price basis, any adjustment in
Contract Price will be subject to the provisions of Paragraph 13.03;
b. Contractor’s entitlement to an adjustment of the Contract Times is subject to the
provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D and 4.05.E; and
c. Contractor gave the notice required in Paragraph 5.05.B.
2. If Owner and Contractor agree regarding Contractor’s entitlement to and the amount or
extent of any adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract Times, then any such
adjustment will be set forth in a Change Order.
3. Contractor may submit a Change Proposal regarding its entitlement to or the amount or
extent of any adjustment in the Contract Price or Contract Times, no later than 30 days
after Owner’s issuance of the Owner’s written statement to Contractor regarding the
Underground Facility in question.
4. The information and data shown or indicated on the Drawings with respect to existing
Underground Facilities at the Site is based on information and data (a) furnished by the
owners of such Underground Facilities, or by others, (b) obtained from available
records, or (c) gathered in an investigation conducted in accordance with the current
edition of ASCE 38, Standard Guideline for the Collection and Depiction of Existing
Subsurface Utility Data, by the American Society of Civil Engineers. If such information
or data is incorrect or incomplete, Contractor’s remedies are limited to those set forth in
this Paragraph 5.05.F.
5.06 Hazardous Environmental Conditions at Site
A. Reports and Drawings: The Supplementary Conditions identify:
1. those reports known to Owner relating to Hazardous Environmental Conditions that
have been identified at or adjacent to the Site;

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 2. drawings known to Owner relating to Hazardous Environmental Conditions that have
been identified at or adjacent to the Site; and
3. Technical Data contained in such reports and drawings.
B. Reliance by Contractor on Technical Data Authorized: Contractor may rely upon the accuracy
of the Technical Data expressly identified in the Supplementary Conditions with respect to
such reports and drawings, but such reports and drawings are not Contract Documents. If no
such express identification has been made, then Contractor may rely on the accuracy of the
Technical Data as defined in Paragraph 1.01.A.46.b. Except for such reliance on Technical
Data, Contractor may not rely upon or make any claim against Owner or Engineer, or any of
their officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, or
subcontractors, with respect to:
1. the completeness of such reports and drawings for Contractor’s purposes, including, but
not limited to, any aspects of the means, methods, techniques, sequences and
procedures of construction to be employed by Contractor, and safety precautions and
programs incident thereto;
2. other data, interpretations, opinions, and information contained in such reports or
shown or indicated in such drawings; or
3. any Contractor interpretation of or conclusion drawn from any Technical Data or any
such other data, interpretations, opinions or information.
C. Contractor shall not be responsible for removing or remediating any Hazardous
Environmental Condition encountered, uncovered, or revealed at the Site unless such
removal or remediation is expressly identified in the Contract Documents to be within the
scope of the Work.
D. Contractor shall be responsible for controlling, containing, and duly removing all
Constituents of Concern brought to the Site by Contractor, Subcontractors, Suppliers, or
anyone else for whom Contractor is responsible, and for any associated costs; and for the
costs of removing and remediating any Hazardous Environmental Condition created by the
presence of any such Constituents of Concern.
E. If Contractor encounters, uncovers, or reveals a Hazardous Environmental Condition whose
removal or remediation is not expressly identified in the Contract Documents as being
within the scope of the Work, or if Contractor or anyone for whom Contractor is responsible
creates a Hazardous Environmental Condition, then Contractor shall immediately: (1) secure
or otherwise isolate such condition; (2) stop all Work in connection with such condition and
in any area affected thereby (except in an emergency as required by Paragraph 7.15); and
(3) notify Owner and Engineer (and promptly thereafter confirm such notice in writing).
Owner shall promptly consult with Engineer concerning the necessity for Owner to retain a
qualified expert to evaluate such condition or take corrective action, if any. Promptly after
consulting with Engineer, Owner shall take such actions as are necessary to permit Owner to
timely obtain required permits and provide Contractor the written notice required by
Paragraph 5.06.F. If Contractor or anyone for whom Contractor is responsible created the
Hazardous Environmental Condition in question, then Owner may remove and remediate
the Hazardous Environmental Condition, and impose a set-off against payments to account
for the associated costs.

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F. Contractor shall not resume Work in connection with such Hazardous Environmental
Condition or in any affected area until after Owner has obtained any required permits
related thereto, and delivered written notice to Contractor either (1) specifying that such
condition and any affected area is or has been rendered safe for the resumption of Work, or
(2) specifying any special conditions under which such Work may be resumed safely.
G. If Owner and Contractor cannot agree as to entitlement to or on the amount or extent, if
any, of any adjustment in Contract Price or Contract Times, as a result of such Work
stoppage, such special conditions under which Work is agreed to be resumed by Contractor,
or any costs or expenses incurred in response to the Hazardous Environmental Condition,
then within 30 days of Owner’s written notice regarding the resumption of Work, Contractor
may submit a Change Proposal, or Owner may impose a set-off. Entitlement to any such
adjustment is subject to the provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D, 4.05.E, 11.07, and 11.08.
H. If, after receipt of such written notice, Contractor does not agree to resume such Work
based on a reasonable belief it is unsafe, or does not agree to resume such Work under such
special conditions, then Owner may order the portion of the Work that is in the area
affected by such condition to be deleted from the Work, following the contractual change
procedures in Article 11. Owner may have such deleted portion of the Work performed by
Owner’s own forces or others in accordance with Article 8.
I. To the fullest extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, Owner shall indemnify and hold
harmless Contractor, Subcontractors, and Engineer, and the officers, directors, members,
partners, employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors of each and any of them, from
and against all claims, costs, losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and
charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals, and all court,
arbitration, or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to a Hazardous
Environmental Condition, provided that such Hazardous Environmental Condition (1) was
not shown or indicated in the Drawings, Specifications, or other Contract Documents,
identified as Technical Data entitled to limited reliance pursuant to Paragraph 5.06.B, or
identified in the Contract Documents to be included within the scope of the Work, and (2)
was not created by Contractor or by anyone for whom Contractor is responsible. Nothing in
this Paragraph 5.06.I obligates Owner to indemnify any individual or entity from and against
the consequences of that individual’s or entity’s own negligence.
J. To the fullest extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, Contractor shall indemnify and
hold harmless Owner and Engineer, and the officers, directors, members, partners,
employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors of each and any of them, from and
against all claims, costs, losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and
charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals and all court or
arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to the failure to
control, contain, or remove a Constituent of Concern brought to the Site by Contractor or by
anyone for whom Contractor is responsible, or to a Hazardous Environmental Condition
created by Contractor or by anyone for whom Contractor is responsible. Nothing in this
Paragraph 5.06.J obligates Contractor to indemnify any individual or entity from and against
the consequences of that individual’s or entity’s own negligence.
K. The provisions of Paragraphs 5.03, 5.04, and 5.05 do not apply to the presence of
Constituents of Concern or to a Hazardous Environmental Condition uncovered or revealed
at the Site.

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ARTICLE 6—BONDS AND INSURANCE

6.01 Performance, Payment, and Other Bonds

A. Contractor shall furnish a performance bond and a payment bond, each in an amount at
least equal to the Contract Price, as security for the faithful performance and payment of
Contractor’s obligations under the Contract. These bonds must remain in effect until one
year after the date when final payment becomes due or until completion of the correction
period specified in Paragraph 15.08, whichever is later, except as provided otherwise by
Laws or Regulations, the terms of a prescribed bond form, the Supplementary Conditions, or
other provisions of the Contract.
B. Contractor shall also furnish such other bonds (if any) as are required by the Supplementary
Conditions or other provisions of the Contract.
C. All bonds must be in the form included in the Bidding Documents or otherwise specified by
Owner prior to execution of the Contract, except as provided otherwise by Laws or
Regulations, and must be issued and signed by a surety named in “Companies Holding
Certificates of Authority as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable
Reinsuring Companies” as published in Department Circular 570 (as amended and
supplemented) by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, U.S. Department of the Treasury. A bond
signed by an agent or attorney-in-fact must be accompanied by a certified copy of that
individual’s authority to bind the surety. The evidence of authority must show that it is
effective on the date the agent or attorney-in-fact signed the accompanying bond.
D. Contractor shall obtain the required bonds from surety companies that are duly licensed or
authorized, in the state or jurisdiction in which the Project is located, to issue bonds in the
required amounts.
E. If the surety on a bond furnished by Contractor is declared bankrupt or becomes insolvent,
or the surety ceases to meet the requirements above, then Contractor shall promptly notify
Owner and Engineer in writing and shall, within 20 days after the event giving rise to such
notification, provide another bond and surety, both of which must comply with the bond
and surety requirements above.
F. If Contractor has failed to obtain a required bond, Owner may exclude the Contractor from
the Site and exercise Owner’s termination rights under Article 16.
G. Upon request to Owner from any Subcontractor, Supplier, or other person or entity claiming
to have furnished labor, services, materials, or equipment used in the performance of the
Work, Owner shall provide a copy of the payment bond to such person or entity.
H. Upon request to Contractor from any Subcontractor, Supplier, or other person or entity
claiming to have furnished labor, services, materials, or equipment used in the performance
of the Work, Contractor shall provide a copy of the payment bond to such person or entity.
6.02 Insurance—General Provisions
A. Owner and Contractor shall obtain and maintain insurance as required in this article and in
the Supplementary Conditions.
B. All insurance required by the Contract to be purchased and maintained by Owner or
Contractor shall be obtained from insurance companies that are duly licensed or authorized
in the state or jurisdiction in which the Project is located to issue insurance policies for the
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 required limits and coverages. Unless a different standard is indicated in the Supplementary
Conditions, all companies that provide insurance policies required under this Contract shall
have an A.M. Best rating of A-VII or better.
C. Alternative forms of insurance coverage, including but not limited to self-insurance and
“Occupational Accident and Excess Employer’s Indemnity Policies,” are not sufficient to
meet the insurance requirements of this Contract, unless expressly allowed in the
Supplementary Conditions.
D. Contractor shall deliver to Owner, with copies to each additional insured identified in the
Contract, certificates of insurance and endorsements establishing that Contractor has
obtained and is maintaining the policies and coverages required by the Contract. Upon
request by Owner or any other insured, Contractor shall also furnish other evidence of such
required insurance, including but not limited to copies of policies, documentation of
applicable self-insured retentions (if allowed) and deductibles, full disclosure of all relevant
exclusions, and evidence of insurance required to be purchased and maintained by
Subcontractors or Suppliers. In any documentation furnished under this provision,
Contractor, Subcontractors, and Suppliers may block out (redact) (1) any confidential
premium or pricing information and (2) any wording specific to a project or jurisdiction
other than those applicable to this Contract.
E. Owner shall deliver to Contractor, with copies to each additional insured identified in the
Contract, certificates of insurance and endorsements establishing that Owner has obtained
and is maintaining the policies and coverages required of Owner by the Contract (if any).
Upon request by Contractor or any other insured, Owner shall also provide other evidence
of such required insurance (if any), including but not limited to copies of policies,
documentation of applicable self-insured retentions (if allowed) and deductibles, and full
disclosure of all relevant exclusions. In any documentation furnished under this provision,
Owner may block out (redact) (1) any confidential premium or pricing information and (2)
any wording specific to a project or jurisdiction other than those relevant to this Contract.
F. Failure of Owner or Contractor to demand such certificates or other evidence of the other
party’s full compliance with these insurance requirements, or failure of Owner or Contractor
to identify a deficiency in compliance from the evidence provided, will not be construed as a
waiver of the other party’s obligation to obtain and maintain such insurance.
G. In addition to the liability insurance required to be provided by Contractor, the Owner, at
Owner’s option, may purchase and maintain Owner’s own liability insurance. Owner’s
liability policies, if any, operate separately and independently from policies required to be
provided by Contractor, and Contractor cannot rely upon Owner’s liability policies for any of
Contractor’s obligations to the Owner, Engineer, or third parties.
H. Contractor shall require:
1. Subcontractors to purchase and maintain worker’s compensation, commercial general
liability, and other insurance that is appropriate for their participation in the Project,
and to name as additional insureds Owner and Engineer (and any other individuals or
entities identified in the Supplementary Conditions as additional insureds on
Contractor’s liability policies) on each Subcontractor’s commercial general liability
insurance policy; and

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 2. Suppliers to purchase and maintain insurance that is appropriate for their participation
in the Project.
I. If either party does not purchase or maintain the insurance required of such party by the
Contract, such party shall notify the other party in writing of such failure to purchase prior
to the start of the Work, or of such failure to maintain prior to any change in the required
coverage.
J. If Contractor has failed to obtain and maintain required insurance, Contractor’s entitlement
to enter or remain at the Site will end immediately, and Owner may impose an appropriate
set-off against payment for any associated costs (including but not limited to the cost of
purchasing necessary insurance coverage), and exercise Owner’s termination rights under
Article 16.
K. Without prejudice to any other right or remedy, if a party has failed to obtain required
insurance, the other party may elect (but is in no way obligated) to obtain equivalent
insurance to protect such other party’s interests at the expense of the party who was
required to provide such coverage, and the Contract Price will be adjusted accordingly.
L. Owner does not represent that insurance coverage and limits established in this Contract
necessarily will be adequate to protect Contractor or Contractor’s interests. Contractor is
responsible for determining whether such coverage and limits are adequate to protect its
interests, and for obtaining and maintaining any additional insurance that Contractor deems
necessary.
M. The insurance and insurance limits required herein will not be deemed as a limitation on
Contractor’s liability, or that of its Subcontractors or Suppliers, under the indemnities
granted to Owner and other individuals and entities in the Contract or otherwise.
N. All the policies of insurance required to be purchased and maintained under this Contract
will contain a provision or endorsement that the coverage afforded will not be canceled, or
renewal refused, until at least 10 days prior written notice has been given to the purchasing
policyholder. Within three days of receipt of any such written notice, the purchasing
policyholder shall provide a copy of the notice to each other insured and Engineer.
6.03 Contractor’s Insurance
A. Required Insurance: Contractor shall purchase and maintain Worker’s Compensation,
Commercial General Liability, and other insurance pursuant to the specific requirements of
the Supplementary Conditions.
B. General Provisions: The policies of insurance required by this Paragraph 6.03 as
supplemented must:
1. include at least the specific coverages required;
2. be written for not less than the limits provided, or those required by Laws or
Regulations, whichever is greater;
3. remain in effect at least until the Work is complete (as set forth in Paragraph 15.06.D),
and longer if expressly required elsewhere in this Contract, and at all times thereafter
when Contractor may be correcting, removing, or replacing defective Work as a
warranty or correction obligation, or otherwise, or returning to the Site to conduct
other tasks arising from the Contract;

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 4. apply with respect to the performance of the Work, whether such performance is by
Contractor, any Subcontractor or Supplier, or by anyone directly or indirectly employed
by any of them to perform any of the Work, or by anyone for whose acts any of them
may be liable; and
5. include all necessary endorsements to support the stated requirements.
C. Additional Insureds: The Contractor’s commercial general liability, automobile liability,
employer’s liability, umbrella or excess, pollution liability, and unmanned aerial vehicle
liability policies, if required by this Contract, must:
1. include and list as additional insureds Owner and Engineer, and any individuals or
entities identified as additional insureds in the Supplementary Conditions;
2. include coverage for the respective officers, directors, members, partners, employees,
and consultants of all such additional insureds;
3. afford primary coverage to these additional insureds for all claims covered thereby
(including as applicable those arising from both ongoing and completed operations);
4. not seek contribution from insurance maintained by the additional insured; and
5. as to commercial general liability insurance, apply to additional insureds with respect to
liability caused in whole or in part by Contractor’s acts or omissions, or the acts and
omissions of those working on Contractor’s behalf, in the performance of Contractor’s
operations.
6.04 Builder’s Risk and Other Property Insurance
A. Builder’s Risk: Unless otherwise provided in the Supplementary Conditions, Contractor shall
purchase and maintain builder’s risk insurance upon the Work on a completed value basis,
in the amount of the Work’s full insurable replacement cost (subject to such deductible
amounts as may be provided in the Supplementary Conditions or required by Laws and
Regulations). The specific requirements applicable to the builder’s risk insurance are set
forth in the Supplementary Conditions.
B. Property Insurance for Facilities of Owner Where Work Will Occur: Owner is responsible for
obtaining and maintaining property insurance covering each existing structure, building, or
facility in which any part of the Work will occur, or to which any part of the Work will attach
or be adjoined. Such property insurance will be written on a special perils (all-risk) form, on
a replacement cost basis, providing coverage consistent with that required for the builder’s
risk insurance, and will be maintained until the Work is complete, as set forth in
Paragraph 15.06.D.
C. Property Insurance for Substantially Complete Facilities: Promptly after Substantial
Completion, and before actual occupancy or use of the substantially completed Work,
Owner will obtain property insurance for such substantially completed Work, and maintain
such property insurance at least until the Work is complete, as set forth in
Paragraph 15.06.D. Such property insurance will be written on a special perils (all-risk) form,
on a replacement cost basis, and provide coverage consistent with that required for the
builder’s risk insurance. The builder’s risk insurance may terminate upon written
confirmation of Owner’s procurement of such property insurance.

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 D. Partial Occupancy or Use by Owner: If Owner will occupy or use a portion or portions of the
Work prior to Substantial Completion of all the Work, as provided in Paragraph 15.04, then
Owner (directly, if it is the purchaser of the builder’s risk policy, or through Contractor) will
provide advance notice of such occupancy or use to the builder’s risk insurer, and obtain an
endorsement consenting to the continuation of coverage prior to commencing such partial
occupancy or use.
E. Insurance of Other Property; Additional Insurance: If the express insurance provisions of the
Contract do not require or address the insurance of a property item or interest, then the
entity or individual owning such property item will be responsible for insuring it. If
Contractor elects to obtain other special insurance to be included in or supplement the
builder’s risk or property insurance policies provided under this Paragraph 6.04, it may do so
at Contractor’s expense.
6.05 Property Losses; Subrogation
A. The builder’s risk insurance policy purchased and maintained in accordance with
Paragraph 6.04 (or an installation floater policy if authorized by the Supplementary
Conditions), will contain provisions to the effect that in the event of payment of any loss or
damage the insurer will have no rights of recovery against any insureds thereunder, or
against Engineer or its consultants, or their officers, directors, members, partners,
employees, agents, consultants, or subcontractors.
1. Owner and Contractor waive all rights against each other and the respective officers,
directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors of
each and any of them, for all losses and damages caused by, arising out of, or resulting
from any of the perils, risks, or causes of loss covered by such policies and any other
property insurance applicable to the Work; and, in addition, waive all such rights against
Engineer, its consultants, all individuals or entities identified in the Supplementary
Conditions as builder’s risk or installation floater insureds, and the officers, directors,
members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors of each and any
of them, under such policies for losses and damages so caused.
2. None of the above waivers extends to the rights that any party making such waiver may
have to the proceeds of insurance held by Owner or Contractor as trustee or fiduciary,
or otherwise payable under any policy so issued.
B. Any property insurance policy maintained by Owner covering any loss, damage, or
consequential loss to Owner’s existing structures, buildings, or facilities in which any part of
the Work will occur, or to which any part of the Work will attach or adjoin; to adjacent
structures, buildings, or facilities of Owner; or to part or all of the completed or substantially
completed Work, during partial occupancy or use pursuant to Paragraph 15.04, after
Substantial Completion pursuant to Paragraph 15.03, or after final payment pursuant to
Paragraph 15.06, will contain provisions to the effect that in the event of payment of any
loss or damage the insurer will have no rights of recovery against any insureds thereunder,
or against Contractor, Subcontractors, or Engineer, or the officers, directors, members,
partners, employees, agents, consultants, or subcontractors of each and any of them, and
that the insured is allowed to waive the insurer’s rights of subrogation in a written contract
executed prior to the loss, damage, or consequential loss.

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 1. Owner waives all rights against Contractor, Subcontractors, and Engineer, and the
officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants and
subcontractors of each and any of them, for all losses and damages caused by, arising
out of, or resulting from fire or any of the perils, risks, or causes of loss covered by such
policies.
C. The waivers in this Paragraph 6.05 include the waiver of rights due to business interruption,
loss of use, or other consequential loss extending beyond direct physical loss or damage to
Owner’s property or the Work caused by, arising out of, or resulting from fire or other
insured peril, risk, or cause of loss.
D. Contractor shall be responsible for assuring that each Subcontract contains provisions
whereby the Subcontractor waives all rights against Owner, Contractor, all individuals or
entities identified in the Supplementary Conditions as insureds, the Engineer and its
consultants, and the officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants,
and subcontractors of each and any of them, for all losses and damages caused by, arising
out of, relating to, or resulting from fire or other peril, risk, or cause of loss covered by
builder’s risk insurance, installation floater, and any other property insurance applicable to
the Work.
6.06 Receipt and Application of Property Insurance Proceeds
A. Any insured loss under the builder’s risk and other policies of property insurance required
by Paragraph 6.04 will be adjusted and settled with the named insured that purchased the
policy. Such named insured shall act as fiduciary for the other insureds, and give notice to
such other insureds that adjustment and settlement of a claim is in progress. Any other
insured may state its position regarding a claim for insured loss in writing within 15 days
after notice of such claim.
B. Proceeds for such insured losses may be made payable by the insurer either jointly to
multiple insureds, or to the named insured that purchased the policy in its own right and as
fiduciary for other insureds, subject to the requirements of any applicable mortgage clause.
A named insured receiving insurance proceeds under the builder’s risk and other policies of
insurance required by Paragraph 6.04 shall maintain such proceeds in a segregated account,
and distribute such proceeds in accordance with such agreement as the parties in interest
may reach, or as otherwise required under the dispute resolution provisions of this Contract
or applicable Laws and Regulations.
C. If no other special agreement is reached, Contractor shall repair or replace the damaged
Work, using allocated insurance proceeds.

ARTICLE 7—CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES

7.01 Contractor’s Means and Methods of Construction

A. Contractor shall be solely responsible for the means, methods, techniques, sequences, and
procedures of construction.
B. If the Contract Documents note, or Contractor determines, that professional engineering or
other design services are needed to carry out Contractor’s responsibilities for construction
means, methods, techniques, sequences, and procedures, or for Site safety, then Contractor
shall cause such services to be provided by a properly licensed design professional, at

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 Contractor’s expense. Such services are not Owner-delegated professional design services
under this Contract, and neither Owner nor Engineer has any responsibility with respect to
(1) Contractor’s determination of the need for such services, (2) the qualifications or
licensing of the design professionals retained or employed by Contractor, (3) the
performance of such services, or (4) any errors, omissions, or defects in such services.
7.02 Supervision and Superintendence
A. Contractor shall supervise, inspect, and direct the Work competently and efficiently,
devoting such attention thereto and applying such skills and expertise as may be necessary
to perform the Work in accordance with the Contract Documents.
B. At all times during the progress of the Work, Contractor shall assign a competent resident
superintendent who will not be replaced without written notice to Owner and Engineer
except under extraordinary circumstances.
7.03 Labor; Working Hours
A. Contractor shall provide competent, suitably qualified personnel to survey and lay out the
Work and perform construction as required by the Contract Documents. Contractor shall
maintain good discipline and order at the Site.
B. Contractor shall be fully responsible to Owner and Engineer for all acts and omissions of
Contractor’s employees; of Suppliers and Subcontractors, and their employees; and of any
other individuals or entities performing or furnishing any of the Work, just as Contractor is
responsible for Contractor’s own acts and omissions.
C. Except as otherwise required for the safety or protection of persons or the Work or property
at the Site or adjacent thereto, and except as otherwise stated in the Contract Documents,
all Work at the Site will be performed during regular working hours, Monday through Friday.
Contractor will not perform Work on a Saturday, Sunday, or any legal holiday. Contractor
may perform Work outside regular working hours or on Saturdays, Sundays, or legal
holidays only with Owner’s written consent, which will not be unreasonably withheld.
7.04 Services, Materials, and Equipment
A. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, Contractor shall provide and assume
full responsibility for all services, materials, equipment, labor, transportation, construction
equipment and machinery, tools, appliances, fuel, power, light, heat, telephone, water,
sanitary facilities, temporary facilities, and all other facilities and incidentals necessary for
the performance, testing, start up, and completion of the Work, whether or not such items
are specifically called for in the Contract Documents.
B. All materials and equipment incorporated into the Work must be new and of good quality,
except as otherwise provided in the Contract Documents. All special warranties and
guarantees required by the Specifications will expressly run to the benefit of Owner. If
required by Engineer, Contractor shall furnish satisfactory evidence (including reports of
required tests) as to the source, kind, and quality of materials and equipment.
C. All materials and equipment must be stored, applied, installed, connected, erected,
protected, used, cleaned, and conditioned in accordance with instructions of the applicable
Supplier, except as otherwise may be provided in the Contract Documents.

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7.05 “Or Equals”
A. Contractor’s Request; Governing Criteria: Whenever an item of equipment or material is
specified or described in the Contract Documents by using the names of one or more
proprietary items or specific Suppliers, the Contract Price has been based upon Contractor
furnishing such item as specified. The specification or description of such an item is intended
to establish the type, function, appearance, and quality required. Unless the specification or
description contains or is followed by words reading that no like, equivalent, or “or equal”
item is permitted, Contractor may request that Engineer authorize the use of other items of
equipment or material, or items from other proposed Suppliers, under the circumstances
described below.
1. If Engineer in its sole discretion determines that an item of equipment or material
proposed by Contractor is functionally equal to that named and sufficiently similar so
that no change in related Work will be required, Engineer will deem it an “or equal”
item. For the purposes of this paragraph, a proposed item of equipment or material will
be considered functionally equal to an item so named if:
a. in the exercise of reasonable judgment Engineer determines that the proposed
item:
1) is at least equal in materials of construction, quality, durability, appearance,
strength, and design characteristics;
2) will reliably perform at least equally well the function and achieve the results
imposed by the design concept of the completed Project as a functioning whole;
3) has a proven record of performance and availability of responsive service; and
4) is not objectionable to Owner.
b. Contractor certifies that, if the proposed item is approved and incorporated into the
Work:
1) there will be no increase in cost to the Owner or increase in Contract Times; and
2) the item will conform substantially to the detailed requirements of the item
named in the Contract Documents.
B. Contractor’s Expense: Contractor shall provide all data in support of any proposed “or
equal” item at Contractor’s expense.
C. Engineer’s Evaluation and Determination: Engineer will be allowed a reasonable time to
evaluate each “or-equal” request. Engineer may require Contractor to furnish additional
data about the proposed “or-equal” item. Engineer will be the sole judge of acceptability.
No “or-equal” item will be ordered, furnished, installed, or utilized until Engineer’s review is
complete and Engineer determines that the proposed item is an “or-equal,” which will be
evidenced by an approved Shop Drawing or other written communication. Engineer will
advise Contractor in writing of any negative determination.
D. Effect of Engineer’s Determination: Neither approval nor denial of an “or-equal” request will
result in any change in Contract Price. The Engineer’s denial of an “or-equal” request will be
final and binding, and may not be reversed through an appeal under any provision of the
Contract.

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 E. Treatment as a Substitution Request: If Engineer determines that an item of equipment or
material proposed by Contractor does not qualify as an “or-equal” item, Contractor may
request that Engineer consider the item a proposed substitute pursuant to Paragraph 7.06.
7.06 Substitutes
A. Contractor’s Request; Governing Criteria: Unless the specification or description of an item
of equipment or material required to be furnished under the Contract Documents contains
or is followed by words reading that no substitution is permitted, Contractor may request
that Engineer authorize the use of other items of equipment or material under the
circumstances described below. To the extent possible such requests must be made before
commencement of related construction at the Site.
1. Contractor shall submit sufficient information as provided below to allow Engineer to
determine if the item of material or equipment proposed is functionally equivalent to
that named and an acceptable substitute therefor. Engineer will not accept requests for
review of proposed substitute items of equipment or material from anyone other than
Contractor.
2. The requirements for review by Engineer will be as set forth in Paragraph 7.06.B, as
supplemented by the Specifications, and as Engineer may decide is appropriate under
the circumstances.
3. Contractor shall make written application to Engineer for review of a proposed
substitute item of equipment or material that Contractor seeks to furnish or use. The
application:
a. will certify that the proposed substitute item will:
1) perform adequately the functions and achieve the results called for by the
general design;
2) be similar in substance to the item specified; and
3) be suited to the same use as the item specified.
b. will state:
1) the extent, if any, to which the use of the proposed substitute item will
necessitate a change in Contract Times;
2) whether use of the proposed substitute item in the Work will require a change
in any of the Contract Documents (or in the provisions of any other direct
contract with Owner for other work on the Project) to adapt the design to the
proposed substitute item; and
3) whether incorporation or use of the proposed substitute item in connection
with the Work is subject to payment of any license fee or royalty.
c. will identify:
1) all variations of the proposed substitute item from the item specified; and
2) available engineering, sales, maintenance, repair, and replacement services.
d. will contain an itemized estimate of all costs or credits that will result directly or
indirectly from use of such substitute item, including but not limited to changes in
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 Contract Price, shared savings, costs of redesign, and claims of other contractors
affected by any resulting change.
B. Engineer’s Evaluation and Determination: Engineer will be allowed a reasonable time to
evaluate each substitute request, and to obtain comments and direction from Owner.
Engineer may require Contractor to furnish additional data about the proposed substitute
item. Engineer will be the sole judge of acceptability. No substitute will be ordered,
furnished, installed, or utilized until Engineer’s review is complete and Engineer determines
that the proposed item is an acceptable substitute. Engineer’s determination will be
evidenced by a Field Order or a proposed Change Order accounting for the substitution itself
and all related impacts, including changes in Contract Price or Contract Times. Engineer will
advise Contractor in writing of any negative determination.
C. Special Guarantee: Owner may require Contractor to furnish at Contractor’s expense a
special performance guarantee or other surety with respect to any substitute.
D. Reimbursement of Engineer’s Cost: Engineer will record Engineer’s costs in evaluating a
substitute proposed or submitted by Contractor. Whether or not Engineer approves a
substitute so proposed or submitted by Contractor, Contractor shall reimburse Owner for
the reasonable charges of Engineer for evaluating each such proposed substitute.
Contractor shall also reimburse Owner for the reasonable charges of Engineer for making
changes in the Contract Documents (or in the provisions of any other direct contract with
Owner) resulting from the acceptance of each proposed substitute.
E. Contractor’s Expense: Contractor shall provide all data in support of any proposed substitute
at Contractor’s expense.
F. Effect of Engineer’s Determination: If Engineer approves the substitution request, Contractor
shall execute the proposed Change Order and proceed with the substitution. The Engineer’s
denial of a substitution request will be final and binding, and may not be reversed through
an appeal under any provision of the Contract. Contractor may challenge the scope of
reimbursement costs imposed under Paragraph 7.06.D, by timely submittal of a Change
Proposal.
7.07 Concerning Subcontractors and Suppliers
A. Contractor may retain Subcontractors and Suppliers for the performance of parts of the
Work. Such Subcontractors and Suppliers must be acceptable to Owner. The Contractor’s
retention of a Subcontractor or Supplier for the performance of parts of the Work will not
relieve Contractor’s obligation to Owner to perform and complete the Work in accordance
with the Contract Documents.
B. Contractor shall retain specific Subcontractors and Suppliers for the performance of
designated parts of the Work if required by the Contract to do so.
C. Subsequent to the submittal of Contractor’s Bid or final negotiation of the terms of the
Contract, Owner may not require Contractor to retain any Subcontractor or Supplier to
furnish or perform any of the Work against which Contractor has reasonable objection.
D. Prior to entry into any binding subcontract or purchase order, Contractor shall submit to
Owner the identity of the proposed Subcontractor or Supplier (unless Owner has already
deemed such proposed Subcontractor or Supplier acceptable during the bidding process or

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 otherwise). Such proposed Subcontractor or Supplier shall be deemed acceptable to Owner
unless Owner raises a substantive, reasonable objection within 5 days.
E. Owner may require the replacement of any Subcontractor or Supplier. Owner also may
require Contractor to retain specific replacements; provided, however, that Owner may not
require a replacement to which Contractor has a reasonable objection. If Contractor has
submitted the identity of certain Subcontractors or Suppliers for acceptance by Owner, and
Owner has accepted it (either in writing or by failing to make written objection thereto),
then Owner may subsequently revoke the acceptance of any such Subcontractor or Supplier
so identified solely on the basis of substantive, reasonable objection after due investigation.
Contractor shall submit an acceptable replacement for the rejected Subcontractor or
Supplier.
F. If Owner requires the replacement of any Subcontractor or Supplier retained by Contractor
to perform any part of the Work, then Contractor shall be entitled to an adjustment in
Contract Price or Contract Times, with respect to the replacement; and Contractor shall
initiate a Change Proposal for such adjustment within 30 days of Owner’s requirement of
replacement.
G. No acceptance by Owner of any such Subcontractor or Supplier, whether initially or as a
replacement, will constitute a waiver of the right of Owner to the completion of the Work in
accordance with the Contract Documents.
H. On a monthly basis, Contractor shall submit to Engineer a complete list of all Subcontractors
and Suppliers having a direct contract with Contractor, and of all other Subcontractors and
Suppliers known to Contractor at the time of submittal.
I. Contractor shall be solely responsible for scheduling and coordinating the work of
Subcontractors and Suppliers.
J. The divisions and sections of the Specifications and the identifications of any Drawings do
not control Contractor in dividing the Work among Subcontractors or Suppliers, or in
delineating the Work to be performed by any specific trade.
K. All Work performed for Contractor by a Subcontractor or Supplier must be pursuant to an
appropriate contractual agreement that specifically binds the Subcontractor or Supplier to
the applicable terms and conditions of the Contract for the benefit of Owner and Engineer.
L. Owner may furnish to any Subcontractor or Supplier, to the extent practicable, information
about amounts paid to Contractor for Work performed for Contractor by the Subcontractor
or Supplier.
M. Contractor shall restrict all Subcontractors and Suppliers from communicating with Engineer
or Owner, except through Contractor or in case of an emergency, or as otherwise expressly
allowed in this Contract.
7.08 Patent Fees and Royalties
A. Contractor shall pay all license fees and royalties and assume all costs incident to the use in
the performance of the Work or the incorporation in the Work of any invention, design,
process, product, or device which is the subject of patent rights or copyrights held by others.
If an invention, design, process, product, or device is specified in the Contract Documents
for use in the performance of the Work and if, to the actual knowledge of Owner or
Engineer, its use is subject to patent rights or copyrights calling for the payment of any
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 license fee or royalty to others, the existence of such rights will be disclosed in the Contract
Documents.
B. To the fullest extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, Owner shall indemnify and hold
harmless Contractor, and its officers, directors, members, partners, employees, agents,
consultants, and subcontractors, from and against all claims, costs, losses, and damages
(including but not limited to all fees and charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and
other professionals, and all court or arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out
of or relating to any infringement of patent rights or copyrights incident to the use in the
performance of the Work or resulting from the incorporation in the Work of any invention,
design, process, product, or device specified in the Contract Documents, but not identified
as being subject to payment of any license fee or royalty to others required by patent rights
or copyrights.
C. To the fullest extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, Contractor shall indemnify and
hold harmless Owner and Engineer, and the officers, directors, members, partners,
employees, agents, consultants and subcontractors of each and any of them, from and
against all claims, costs, losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and
charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals and all court or
arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to any infringement of
patent rights or copyrights incident to the use in the performance of the Work or resulting
from the incorporation in the Work of any invention, design, process, product, or device not
specified in the Contract Documents.
7.09 Permits
A. Unless otherwise provided in the Contract Documents, Contractor shall obtain and pay for
all construction permits, licenses, and certificates of occupancy. Owner shall assist
Contractor, when necessary, in obtaining such permits and licenses. Contractor shall pay all
governmental charges and inspection fees necessary for the prosecution of the Work which
are applicable at the time of the submission of Contractor’s Bid (or when Contractor became
bound under a negotiated contract). Owner shall pay all charges of utility owners for
connections for providing permanent service to the Work.
7.10 Taxes
A. Contractor shall pay all sales, consumer, use, and other similar taxes required to be paid by
Contractor in accordance with the Laws and Regulations of the place of the Project which
are applicable during the performance of the Work.
7.11 Laws and Regulations
A. Contractor shall give all notices required by and shall comply with all Laws and Regulations
applicable to the performance of the Work. Neither Owner nor Engineer shall be responsible
for monitoring Contractor’s compliance with any Laws or Regulations.
B. If Contractor performs any Work or takes any other action knowing or having reason to
know that it is contrary to Laws or Regulations, Contractor shall bear all resulting costs and
losses, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Owner and Engineer, and the officers,
directors, members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, and subcontractors of each
and any of them, from and against all claims, costs, losses, and damages (including but not
limited to all fees and charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals
and all court or arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to
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 such Work or other action. It is not Contractor’s responsibility to make certain that the Work
described in the Contract Documents is in accordance with Laws and Regulations, but this
does not relieve Contractor of its obligations under Paragraph 3.03.
C. Owner or Contractor may give written notice to the other party of any changes after the
submission of Contractor’s Bid (or after the date when Contractor became bound under a
negotiated contract) in Laws or Regulations having an effect on the cost or time of
performance of the Work, including but not limited to changes in Laws or Regulations
having an effect on procuring permits and on sales, use, value-added, consumption, and
other similar taxes. If Owner and Contractor are unable to agree on entitlement to or on the
amount or extent, if any, of any adjustment in Contract Price or Contract Times resulting
from such changes, then within 30 days of such written notice Contractor may submit a
Change Proposal, or Owner may initiate a Claim.
7.12 Record Documents
A. Contractor shall maintain in a safe place at the Site one printed record copy of all Drawings,
Specifications, Addenda, Change Orders, Work Change Directives, Field Orders, written
interpretations and clarifications, and approved Shop Drawings. Contractor shall keep such
record documents in good order and annotate them to show changes made during
construction. These record documents, together with all approved Samples, will be available
to Engineer for reference. Upon completion of the Work, Contractor shall deliver these
record documents to Engineer.
7.13 Safety and Protection
A. Contractor shall be solely responsible for initiating, maintaining, and supervising all safety
precautions and programs in connection with the Work. Such responsibility does not relieve
Subcontractors of their responsibility for the safety of persons or property in the
performance of their work, nor for compliance with applicable safety Laws and Regulations.
B. Contractor shall designate a qualified and experienced safety representative whose duties
and responsibilities are the prevention of Work-related accidents and the maintenance and
supervision of safety precautions and programs.
C. Contractor shall take all necessary precautions for the safety of, and shall provide the
necessary protection to prevent damage, injury, or loss to:
1. all persons on the Site or who may be affected by the Work;
2. all the Work and materials and equipment to be incorporated therein, whether in
storage on or off the Site; and
3. other property at the Site or adjacent thereto, including trees, shrubs, lawns, walks,
pavements, roadways, structures, other work in progress, utilities, and Underground
Facilities not designated for removal, relocation, or replacement in the course of
construction.
D. All damage, injury, or loss to any property referred to in Paragraph 7.13.C.2 or 7.13.C.3
caused, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, by Contractor, any Subcontractor, Supplier,
or any other individual or entity directly or indirectly employed by any of them to perform
any of the Work, or anyone for whose acts any of them may be liable, shall be remedied by
Contractor at its expense (except damage or loss attributable to the fault of Drawings or
Specifications or to the acts or omissions of Owner or Engineer or anyone employed by any
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 of them, or anyone for whose acts any of them may be liable, and not attributable, directly
or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the fault or negligence of Contractor or any
Subcontractor, Supplier, or other individual or entity directly or indirectly employed by any
of them).
E. Contractor shall comply with all applicable Laws and Regulations relating to the safety of
persons or property, or to the protection of persons or property from damage, injury, or
loss; and shall erect and maintain all necessary safeguards for such safety and protection.
F. Contractor shall notify Owner; the owners of adjacent property; the owners of Underground
Facilities and other utilities (if the identity of such owners is known to Contractor); and other
contractors and utility owners performing work at or adjacent to the Site, in writing, when
Contractor knows that prosecution of the Work may affect them, and shall cooperate with
them in the protection, removal, relocation, and replacement of their property or work in
progress.
G. Contractor shall comply with the applicable requirements of Owner’s safety programs, if
any. Any Owner’s safety programs that are applicable to the Work are identified or included
in the Supplementary Conditions or Specifications.
H. Contractor shall inform Owner and Engineer of the specific requirements of Contractor’s
safety program with which Owner’s and Engineer’s employees and representatives must
comply while at the Site.
I. Contractor’s duties and responsibilities for safety and protection will continue until all the
Work is completed, Engineer has issued a written notice to Owner and Contractor in
accordance with Paragraph 15.06.C that the Work is acceptable, and Contractor has left the
Site (except as otherwise expressly provided in connection with Substantial Completion).
J. Contractor’s duties and responsibilities for safety and protection will resume whenever
Contractor or any Subcontractor or Supplier returns to the Site to fulfill warranty or
correction obligations, or to conduct other tasks arising from the Contract Documents.
7.14 Hazard Communication Programs
A. Contractor shall be responsible for coordinating any exchange of safety data sheets
(formerly known as material safety data sheets) or other hazard communication information
required to be made available to or exchanged between or among employers at the Site in
accordance with Laws or Regulations.
7.15 Emergencies
A. In emergencies affecting the safety or protection of persons or the Work or property at the
Site or adjacent thereto, Contractor is obligated to act to prevent damage, injury, or loss.
Contractor shall give Engineer prompt written notice if Contractor believes that any
significant changes in the Work or variations from the Contract Documents have been
caused by an emergency, or are required as a result of Contractor’s response to an
emergency. If Engineer determines that a change in the Contract Documents is required
because of an emergency or Contractor’s response, a Work Change Directive or Change
Order will be issued.

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7.16 Submittals
A. Shop Drawing and Sample Requirements
1. Before submitting a Shop Drawing or Sample, Contractor shall:
a. review and coordinate the Shop Drawing or Sample with other Shop Drawings and
Samples and with the requirements of the Work and the Contract Documents;
b. determine and verify:
1) all field measurements, quantities, dimensions, specified performance and
design criteria, installation requirements, materials, catalog numbers, and
similar information with respect to the Submittal;
2) the suitability of all materials and equipment offered with respect to the
indicated application, fabrication, shipping, handling, storage, assembly, and
installation pertaining to the performance of the Work; and
3) all information relative to Contractor’s responsibilities for means, methods,
techniques, sequences, and procedures of construction, and safety precautions
and programs incident thereto;
c. confirm that the Submittal is complete with respect to all related data included in
the Submittal.
2. Each Shop Drawing or Sample must bear a stamp or specific written certification that
Contractor has satisfied Contractor’s obligations under the Contract Documents with
respect to Contractor’s review of that Submittal, and that Contractor approves the
Submittal.
3. With each Shop Drawing or Sample, Contractor shall give Engineer specific written
notice of any variations that the Submittal may have from the requirements of the
Contract Documents. This notice must be set forth in a written communication separate
from the Submittal; and, in addition, in the case of a Shop Drawing by a specific notation
made on the Shop Drawing itself.
B. Submittal Procedures for Shop Drawings and Samples: Contractor shall label and submit
Shop Drawings and Samples to Engineer for review and approval in accordance with the
accepted Schedule of Submittals.
1. Shop Drawings
a. Contractor shall submit the number of copies required in the Specifications.
b. Data shown on the Shop Drawings must be complete with respect to quantities,
dimensions, specified performance and design criteria, materials, and similar data to
show Engineer the services, materials, and equipment Contractor proposes to
provide, and to enable Engineer to review the information for the limited purposes
required by Paragraph 7.16.C.
2. Samples
a. Contractor shall submit the number of Samples required in the Specifications.
b. Contractor shall clearly identify each Sample as to material, Supplier, pertinent data
such as catalog numbers, the use for which intended and other data as Engineer
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 may require to enable Engineer to review the Submittal for the limited purposes
required by Paragraph 7.16.C.
3. Where a Shop Drawing or Sample is required by the Contract Documents or the
Schedule of Submittals, any related Work performed prior to Engineer’s review and
approval of the pertinent submittal will be at the sole expense and responsibility of
Contractor.
C. Engineer’s Review of Shop Drawings and Samples
1. Engineer will provide timely review of Shop Drawings and Samples in accordance with
the accepted Schedule of Submittals. Engineer’s review and approval will be only to
determine if the items covered by the Submittals will, after installation or incorporation
in the Work, comply with the requirements of the Contract Documents, and be
compatible with the design concept of the completed Project as a functioning whole as
indicated by the Contract Documents.
2. Engineer’s review and approval will not extend to means, methods, techniques,
sequences, or procedures of construction, or to safety precautions or programs incident
thereto.
3. Engineer’s review and approval of a separate item as such will not indicate approval of
the assembly in which the item functions.
4. Engineer’s review and approval of a Shop Drawing or Sample will not relieve Contractor
from responsibility for any variation from the requirements of the Contract Documents
unless Contractor has complied with the requirements of Paragraph 7.16.A.3 and
Engineer has given written approval of each such variation by specific written notation
thereof incorporated in or accompanying the Shop Drawing or Sample. Engineer will
document any such approved variation from the requirements of the Contract
Documents in a Field Order or other appropriate Contract modification.
5. Engineer’s review and approval of a Shop Drawing or Sample will not relieve Contractor
from responsibility for complying with the requirements of Paragraphs 7.16.A and B.
6. Engineer’s review and approval of a Shop Drawing or Sample, or of a variation from the
requirements of the Contract Documents, will not, under any circumstances, change the
Contract Times or Contract Price, unless such changes are included in a Change Order.
7. Neither Engineer’s receipt, review, acceptance, or approval of a Shop Drawing or
Sample will result in such item becoming a Contract Document.
8. Contractor shall perform the Work in compliance with the requirements and
commitments set forth in approved Shop Drawings and Samples, subject to the
provisions of Paragraph 7.16.C.4.
D. Resubmittal Procedures for Shop Drawings and Samples
1. Contractor shall make corrections required by Engineer and shall return the required
number of corrected copies of Shop Drawings and submit, as required, new Samples for
review and approval. Contractor shall direct specific attention in writing to revisions
other than the corrections called for by Engineer on previous Submittals.
2. Contractor shall furnish required Shop Drawing and Sample submittals with sufficient
information and accuracy to obtain required approval of an item with no more than two
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 resubmittals. Engineer will record Engineer’s time for reviewing a third or subsequent
resubmittal of a Shop Drawing or Sample, and Contractor shall be responsible for
Engineer’s charges to Owner for such time. Owner may impose a set-off against
payments due Contractor to secure reimbursement for such charges.
3. If Contractor requests a change of a previously approved Shop Drawing or Sample,
Contractor shall be responsible for Engineer’s charges to Owner for its review time, and
Owner may impose a set-off against payments due Contractor to secure reimbursement
for such charges, unless the need for such change is beyond the control of Contractor.
E. Submittals Other than Shop Drawings, Samples, and Owner-Delegated Designs
1. The following provisions apply to all Submittals other than Shop Drawings, Samples, and
Owner-delegated designs:
a. Contractor shall submit all such Submittals to the Engineer in accordance with the
Schedule of Submittals and pursuant to the applicable terms of the Contract
Documents.
b. Engineer will provide timely review of all such Submittals in accordance with the
Schedule of Submittals and return such Submittals with a notation of either
Accepted or Not Accepted. Any such Submittal that is not returned within the time
established in the Schedule of Submittals will be deemed accepted.
c. Engineer’s review will be only to determine if the Submittal is acceptable under the
requirements of the Contract Documents as to general form and content of the
Submittal.
d. If any such Submittal is not accepted, Contractor shall confer with Engineer
regarding the reason for the non-acceptance, and resubmit an acceptable
document.
2. Procedures for the submittal and acceptance of the Progress Schedule, the Schedule of
Submittals, and the Schedule of Values are set forth in Paragraphs 2.03. 2.04, and 2.05.
F. Owner-delegated Designs: Submittals pursuant to Owner-delegated designs are governed
by the provisions of Paragraph 7.19.
7.17 Contractor’s General Warranty and Guarantee
A. Contractor warrants and guarantees to Owner that all Work will be in accordance with the
Contract Documents and will not be defective. Engineer is entitled to rely on Contractor’s
warranty and guarantee.
B. Owner’s rights under this warranty and guarantee are in addition to, and are not limited by,
Owner’s rights under the correction period provisions of Paragraph 15.08. The time in which
Owner may enforce its warranty and guarantee rights under this Paragraph 7.17 is limited
only by applicable Laws and Regulations restricting actions to enforce such rights; provided,
however, that after the end of the correction period under Paragraph 15.08:
1. Owner shall give Contractor written notice of any defective Work within 60 days of the
discovery that such Work is defective; and

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 2. Such notice will be deemed the start of an event giving rise to a Claim under
Paragraph 12.01.B, such that any related Claim must be brought within 30 days of the
notice.
C. Contractor’s warranty and guarantee hereunder excludes defects or damage caused by:
1. abuse, or improper modification, maintenance, or operation, by persons other than
Contractor, Subcontractors, Suppliers, or any other individual or entity for whom
Contractor is responsible; or
2. normal wear and tear under normal usage.
D. Contractor’s obligation to perform and complete the Work in accordance with the Contract
Documents is absolute. None of the following will constitute an acceptance of Work that is
not in accordance with the Contract Documents, a release of Contractor’s obligation to
perform the Work in accordance with the Contract Documents, or a release of Owner’s
warranty and guarantee rights under this Paragraph 7.17:
1. Observations by Engineer;
2. Recommendation by Engineer or payment by Owner of any progress or final payment;
3. The issuance of a certificate of Substantial Completion by Engineer or any payment
related thereto by Owner;
4. Use or occupancy of the Work or any part thereof by Owner;
5. Any review and approval of a Shop Drawing or Sample submittal;
6. The issuance of a notice of acceptability by Engineer;
7. The end of the correction period established in Paragraph 15.08;
8. Any inspection, test, or approval by others; or
9. Any correction of defective Work by Owner.
E. If the Contract requires the Contractor to accept the assignment of a contract entered into
by Owner, then the specific warranties, guarantees, and correction obligations contained in
the assigned contract will govern with respect to Contractor’s performance obligations to
Owner for the Work described in the assigned contract.
7.18 Indemnification
A. To the fullest extent permitted by Laws and Regulations, and in addition to any other
obligations of Contractor under the Contract or otherwise, Contractor shall indemnify and
hold harmless Owner and Engineer, and the officers, directors, members, partners,
employees, agents, consultants and subcontractors of each and any of them, from losses,
damages, costs, and judgments (including but not limited to all fees and charges of
engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals, and all court or arbitration or
other dispute resolution costs) arising from third-party claims or actions relating to or
resulting from the performance or furnishing of the Work, provided that any such claim,
action, loss, cost, judgment or damage is attributable to bodily injury, sickness, disease, or
death, or to damage to or destruction of tangible property (other than the Work itself),
including the loss of use resulting therefrom, but only to the extent caused by any negligent
act or omission of Contractor, any Subcontractor, any Supplier, or any individual or entity

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 directly or indirectly employed by any of them to perform any of the Work, or anyone for
whose acts any of them may be liable.
B. In any and all claims against Owner or Engineer, or any of their officers, directors, members,
partners, employees, agents, consultants, or subcontractors, by any employee (or the
survivor or personal representative of such employee) of Contractor, any Subcontractor, any
Supplier, or any individual or entity directly or indirectly employed by any of them to
perform any of the Work, or anyone for whose acts any of them may be liable, the
indemnification obligation under Paragraph 7.18.A will not be limited in any way by any
limitation on the amount or type of damages, compensation, or benefits payable by or for
Contractor or any such Subcontractor, Supplier, or other individual or entity under workers’
compensation acts, disability benefit acts, or other employee benefit acts.
7.19 Delegation of Professional Design Services
A. Owner may require Contractor to provide professional design services for a portion of the
Work by express delegation in the Contract Documents. Such delegation will specify the
performance and design criteria that such services must satisfy, and the Submittals that
Contractor must furnish to Engineer with respect to the Owner-delegated design.
B. Contractor shall cause such Owner-delegated professional design services to be provided
pursuant to the professional standard of care by a properly licensed design professional,
whose signature and seal must appear on all drawings, calculations, specifications,
certifications, and Submittals prepared by such design professional. Such design professional
must issue all certifications of design required by Laws and Regulations.
C. If a Shop Drawing or other Submittal related to the Owner-delegated design is prepared by
Contractor, a Subcontractor, or others for submittal to Engineer, then such Shop Drawing or
other Submittal must bear the written approval of Contractor’s design professional when
submitted by Contractor to Engineer.
D. Owner and Engineer shall be entitled to rely upon the adequacy, accuracy, and
completeness of the services, certifications, and approvals performed or provided by the
design professionals retained or employed by Contractor under an Owner-delegated design,
subject to the professional standard of care and the performance and design criteria stated
in the Contract Documents.
E. Pursuant to this Paragraph 7.19, Engineer’s review, approval, and other determinations
regarding design drawings, calculations, specifications, certifications, and other Submittals
furnished by Contractor pursuant to an Owner-delegated design will be only for the
following limited purposes:
1. Checking for conformance with the requirements of this Paragraph 7.19;
2. Confirming that Contractor (through its design professionals) has used the performance
and design criteria specified in the Contract Documents; and
3. Establishing that the design furnished by Contractor is consistent with the design
concept expressed in the Contract Documents.
F. Contractor shall not be responsible for the adequacy of performance or design criteria
specified by Owner or Engineer.

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 G. Contractor is not required to provide professional services in violation of applicable Laws
and Regulations.

ARTICLE 8—OTHER WORK AT THE SITE

8.01 Other Work

A. In addition to and apart from the Work under the Contract Documents, the Owner may
perform other work at or adjacent to the Site. Such other work may be performed by
Owner’s employees, or through contracts between the Owner and third parties. Owner may
also arrange to have third-party utility owners perform work on their utilities and facilities at
or adjacent to the Site.
B. If Owner performs other work at or adjacent to the Site with Owner’s employees, or
through contracts for such other work, then Owner shall give Contractor written notice
thereof prior to starting any such other work. If Owner has advance information regarding
the start of any third-party utility work that Owner has arranged to take place at or adjacent
to the Site, Owner shall provide such information to Contractor.
C. Contractor shall afford proper and safe access to the Site to each contractor that performs
such other work, each utility owner performing other work, and Owner, if Owner is
performing other work with Owner’s employees, and provide a reasonable opportunity for
the introduction and storage of materials and equipment and the execution of such other
work.
D. Contractor shall do all cutting, fitting, and patching of the Work that may be required to
properly connect or otherwise make its several parts come together and properly integrate
with such other work. Contractor shall not endanger any work of others by cutting,
excavating, or otherwise altering such work; provided, however, that Contractor may cut or
alter others' work with the written consent of Engineer and the others whose work will be
affected.
E. If the proper execution or results of any part of Contractor’s Work depends upon work
performed by others, Contractor shall inspect such other work and promptly report to
Engineer in writing any delays, defects, or deficiencies in such other work that render it
unavailable or unsuitable for the proper execution and results of Contractor’s Work.
Contractor’s failure to so report will constitute an acceptance of such other work as fit and
proper for integration with Contractor’s Work except for latent defects and deficiencies in
such other work.
F. The provisions of this article are not applicable to work that is performed by third-party
utilities or other third-party entities without a contract with Owner, or that is performed
without having been arranged by Owner. If such work occurs, then any related delay,
disruption, or interference incurred by Contractor is governed by the provisions of
Paragraph 4.05.C.3.
8.02 Coordination
A. If Owner intends to contract with others for the performance of other work at or adjacent to
the Site, to perform other work at or adjacent to the Site with Owner’s employees, or to
arrange to have utility owners perform work at or adjacent to the Site, the following will be

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 set forth in the Supplementary Conditions or provided to Contractor prior to the start of any
such other work:
1. The identity of the individual or entity that will have authority and responsibility for
coordination of the activities among the various contractors;
2. An itemization of the specific matters to be covered by such authority and
responsibility; and
3. The extent of such authority and responsibilities.
B. Unless otherwise provided in the Supplementary Conditions, Owner shall have sole
authority and responsibility for such coordination.
8.03 Legal Relationships
A. If, in the course of performing other work for Owner at or adjacent to the Site, the Owner’s
employees, any other contractor working for Owner, or any utility owner that Owner has
arranged to perform work, causes damage to the Work or to the property of Contractor or
its Subcontractors, or delays, disrupts, interferes with, or increases the scope or cost of the
performance of the Work, through actions or inaction, then Contractor shall be entitled to
an equitable adjustment in the Contract Price or the Contract Times. Contractor must
submit any Change Proposal seeking an equitable adjustment in the Contract Price or the
Contract Times under this paragraph within 30 days of the damaging, delaying, disrupting,
or interfering event. The entitlement to, and extent of, any such equitable adjustment will
take into account information (if any) regarding such other work that was provided to
Contractor in the Contract Documents prior to the submittal of the Bid or the final
negotiation of the terms of the Contract, and any remedies available to Contractor under
Laws or Regulations concerning utility action or inaction. When applicable, any such
equitable adjustment in Contract Price will be conditioned on Contractor assigning to Owner
all Contractor’s rights against such other contractor or utility owner with respect to the
damage, delay, disruption, or interference that is the subject of the adjustment.
Contractor’s entitlement to an adjustment of the Contract Times or Contract Price is subject
to the provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D and 4.05.E.
B. Contractor shall take reasonable and customary measures to avoid damaging, delaying,
disrupting, or interfering with the work of Owner, any other contractor, or any utility owner
performing other work at or adjacent to the Site.
1. If Contractor fails to take such measures and as a result damages, delays, disrupts, or
interferes with the work of any such other contractor or utility owner, then Owner may
impose a set-off against payments due Contractor, and assign to such other contractor
or utility owner the Owner’s contractual rights against Contractor with respect to the
breach of the obligations set forth in this Paragraph 8.03.B.
2. When Owner is performing other work at or adjacent to the Site with Owner’s
employees, Contractor shall be liable to Owner for damage to such other work, and for
the reasonable direct delay, disruption, and interference costs incurred by Owner as a
result of Contractor’s failure to take reasonable and customary measures with respect
to Owner’s other work. In response to such damage, delay, disruption, or interference,
Owner may impose a set-off against payments due Contractor.

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 C. If Contractor damages, delays, disrupts, or interferes with the work of any other contractor,
or any utility owner performing other work at or adjacent to the Site, through Contractor’s
failure to take reasonable and customary measures to avoid such impacts, or if any claim
arising out of Contractor’s actions, inactions, or negligence in performance of the Work at or
adjacent to the Site is made by any such other contractor or utility owner against
Contractor, Owner, or Engineer, then Contractor shall (1) promptly attempt to settle the
claim as to all parties through negotiations with such other contractor or utility owner, or
otherwise resolve the claim by arbitration or other dispute resolution proceeding or at law,
and (2) indemnify and hold harmless Owner and Engineer, and the officers, directors,
members, partners, employees, agents, consultants and subcontractors of each and any of
them from and against any such claims, and against all costs, losses, and damages (including
but not limited to all fees and charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other
professionals and all court or arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or
relating to such damage, delay, disruption, or interference.

ARTICLE 9—OWNER’S RESPONSIBILITIES

9.01 Communications to Contractor

A. Except as otherwise provided in these General Conditions, Owner shall issue all
communications to Contractor through Engineer.
9.02 Replacement of Engineer
A. Owner may at its discretion appoint an engineer to replace Engineer, provided Contractor
makes no reasonable objection to the replacement engineer. The replacement engineer’s
status under the Contract Documents will be that of the former Engineer.
9.03 Furnish Data
A. Owner shall promptly furnish the data required of Owner under the Contract Documents.
9.04 Pay When Due
A. Owner shall make payments to Contractor when they are due as provided in the Agreement.
9.05 Lands and Easements; Reports, Tests, and Drawings
A. Owner’s duties with respect to providing lands and easements are set forth in
Paragraph 5.01.
B. Owner’s duties with respect to providing engineering surveys to establish reference points
are set forth in Paragraph 4.03.
C. Article 5 refers to Owner’s identifying and making available to Contractor copies of reports
of explorations and tests of conditions at the Site, and drawings of physical conditions
relating to existing surface or subsurface structures at the Site.
9.06 Insurance
A. Owner’s responsibilities, if any, with respect to purchasing and maintaining liability and
property insurance are set forth in Article 6.
9.07 Change Orders
A. Owner’s responsibilities with respect to Change Orders are set forth in Article 11.
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9.08 Inspections, Tests, and Approvals
A. Owner’s responsibility with respect to certain inspections, tests, and approvals is set forth in
Paragraph 14.02.B.
9.09 Limitations on Owner’s Responsibilities
A. The Owner shall not supervise, direct, or have control or authority over, nor be responsible
for, Contractor’s means, methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures of construction, or
the safety precautions and programs incident thereto, or for any failure of Contractor to
comply with Laws and Regulations applicable to the performance of the Work. Owner will
not be responsible for Contractor’s failure to perform the Work in accordance with the
Contract Documents.
9.10 Undisclosed Hazardous Environmental Condition
A. Owner’s responsibility in respect to an undisclosed Hazardous Environmental Condition is
set forth in Paragraph 5.06.
9.11 Evidence of Financial Arrangements
A. Upon request of Contractor, Owner shall furnish Contractor reasonable evidence that
financial arrangements have been made to satisfy Owner’s obligations under the Contract
(including obligations under proposed changes in the Work).
9.12 Safety Programs
A. While at the Site, Owner’s employees and representatives shall comply with the specific
applicable requirements of Contractor’s safety programs of which Owner has been
informed.
B. Owner shall furnish copies of any applicable Owner safety programs to Contractor.

ARTICLE 10—ENGINEER’S STATUS DURING CONSTRUCTION

10.01 Owner’s Representative

A. Engineer will be Owner’s representative during the construction period. The duties and
responsibilities and the limitations of authority of Engineer as Owner’s representative
during construction are set forth in the Contract.
10.02 Visits to Site
A. Engineer will make visits to the Site at intervals appropriate to the various stages of
construction as Engineer deems necessary in order to observe, as an experienced and
qualified design professional, the progress that has been made and the quality of the
various aspects of Contractor’s executed Work. Based on information obtained during such
visits and observations, Engineer, for the benefit of Owner, will determine, in general, if the
Work is proceeding in accordance with the Contract Documents. Engineer will not be
required to make exhaustive or continuous inspections on the Site to check the quality or
quantity of the Work. Engineer’s efforts will be directed toward providing for Owner a
greater degree of confidence that the completed Work will conform generally to the
Contract Documents. On the basis of such visits and observations, Engineer will keep Owner
informed of the progress of the Work and will endeavor to guard Owner against defective
Work.
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 B. Engineer’s visits and observations are subject to all the limitations on Engineer’s authority
and responsibility set forth in Paragraph 10.07. Particularly, but without limitation, during or
as a result of Engineer’s visits or observations of Contractor’s Work, Engineer will not
supervise, direct, control, or have authority over or be responsible for Contractor’s means,
methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures of construction, or the safety precautions
and programs incident thereto, or for any failure of Contractor to comply with Laws and
Regulations applicable to the performance of the Work.
10.03 Resident Project Representative
A. If Owner and Engineer have agreed that Engineer will furnish a Resident Project
Representative to represent Engineer at the Site and assist Engineer in observing the
progress and quality of the Work, then the authority and responsibilities of any such
Resident Project Representative will be as provided in the Supplementary Conditions, and
limitations on the responsibilities thereof will be as provided in the Supplementary
Conditions and in Paragraph 10.07.
B. If Owner designates an individual or entity who is not Engineer’s consultant, agent, or
employee to represent Owner at the Site, then the responsibilities and authority of such
individual or entity will be as provided in the Supplementary Conditions.
10.04 Engineer’s Authority
A. Engineer has the authority to reject Work in accordance with Article 14.
B. Engineer’s authority as to Submittals is set forth in Paragraph 7.16.
C. Engineer’s authority as to design drawings, calculations, specifications, certifications and
other Submittals from Contractor in response to Owner’s delegation (if any) to Contractor of
professional design services, is set forth in Paragraph 7.19.
D. Engineer’s authority as to changes in the Work is set forth in Article 11.
E. Engineer’s authority as to Applications for Payment is set forth in Article 15.
10.05 Determinations for Unit Price Work
A. Engineer will determine the actual quantities and classifications of Unit Price Work
performed by Contractor as set forth in Paragraph 13.03.
10.06 Decisions on Requirements of Contract Documents and Acceptability of Work
A. Engineer will render decisions regarding the requirements of the Contract Documents, and
judge the acceptability of the Work, pursuant to the specific procedures set forth herein for
initial interpretations, Change Proposals, and acceptance of the Work. In rendering such
decisions and judgments, Engineer will not show partiality to Owner or Contractor, and will
not be liable to Owner, Contractor, or others in connection with any proceedings,
interpretations, decisions, or judgments conducted or rendered in good faith.
10.07 Limitations on Engineer’s Authority and Responsibilities
A. Neither Engineer’s authority or responsibility under this Article 10 or under any other
provision of the Contract, nor any decision made by Engineer in good faith either to exercise
or not exercise such authority or responsibility or the undertaking, exercise, or performance
of any authority or responsibility by Engineer, will create, impose, or give rise to any duty in
contract, tort, or otherwise owed by Engineer to Contractor, any Subcontractor, any
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 Supplier, any other individual or entity, or to any surety for or employee or agent of any of
them.
B. Engineer will not supervise, direct, control, or have authority over or be responsible for
Contractor’s means, methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures of construction, or the
safety precautions and programs incident thereto, or for any failure of Contractor to comply
with Laws and Regulations applicable to the performance of the Work. Engineer will not be
responsible for Contractor’s failure to perform the Work in accordance with the Contract
Documents.
C. Engineer will not be responsible for the acts or omissions of Contractor or of any
Subcontractor, any Supplier, or of any other individual or entity performing any of the Work.
D. Engineer’s review of the final Application for Payment and accompanying documentation,
and all maintenance and operating instructions, schedules, guarantees, bonds, certificates
of inspection, tests and approvals, and other documentation required to be delivered by
Contractor under Paragraph 15.06.A, will only be to determine generally that their content
complies with the requirements of, and in the case of certificates of inspections, tests, and
approvals, that the results certified indicate compliance with the Contract Documents.
E. The limitations upon authority and responsibility set forth in this Paragraph 10.07 also apply
to the Resident Project Representative, if any.
10.08 Compliance with Safety Program
A. While at the Site, Engineer’s employees and representatives will comply with the specific
applicable requirements of Owner’s and Contractor’s safety programs of which Engineer has
been informed.

ARTICLE 11—CHANGES TO THE CONTRACT

11.01 Amending and Supplementing the Contract

A. The Contract may be amended or supplemented by a Change Order, a Work Change
Directive, or a Field Order.
B. If an amendment or supplement to the Contract includes a change in the Contract Price or
the Contract Times, such amendment or supplement must be set forth in a Change Order.
C. All changes to the Contract that involve (1) the performance or acceptability of the Work,
(2) the design (as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise), or (3) other
engineering or technical matters, must be supported by Engineer’s recommendation. Owner
and Contractor may amend other terms and conditions of the Contract without the
recommendation of the Engineer.
11.02 Change Orders
A. Owner and Contractor shall execute appropriate Change Orders covering:
1. Changes in Contract Price or Contract Times which are agreed to by the parties,
including any undisputed sum or amount of time for Work actually performed in
accordance with a Work Change Directive;
2. Changes in Contract Price resulting from an Owner set-off, unless Contractor has duly
contested such set-off;
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 3. Changes in the Work which are: (a) ordered by Owner pursuant to Paragraph 11.05,
(b) required because of Owner’s acceptance of defective Work under Paragraph 14.04
or Owner’s correction of defective Work under Paragraph 14.07, or (c) agreed to by the
parties, subject to the need for Engineer’s recommendation if the change in the Work
involves the design (as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise) or other
engineering or technical matters; and
4. Changes that embody the substance of any final and binding results under:
Paragraph 11.03.B, resolving the impact of a Work Change Directive; Paragraph 11.09,
concerning Change Proposals; Article 12, Claims; Paragraph 13.02.D, final adjustments
resulting from allowances; Paragraph 13.03.D, final adjustments relating to
determination of quantities for Unit Price Work; and similar provisions.
B. If Owner or Contractor refuses to execute a Change Order that is required to be executed
under the terms of Paragraph 11.02.A, it will be deemed to be of full force and effect, as if
fully executed.
11.03 Work Change Directives
A. A Work Change Directive will not change the Contract Price or the Contract Times but is
evidence that the parties expect that the modification ordered or documented by a Work
Change Directive will be incorporated in a subsequently issued Change Order, following
negotiations by the parties as to the Work Change Directive’s effect, if any, on the Contract
Price and Contract Times; or, if negotiations are unsuccessful, by a determination under the
terms of the Contract Documents governing adjustments, expressly including
Paragraph 11.07 regarding change of Contract Price.
B. If Owner has issued a Work Change Directive and:
1. Contractor believes that an adjustment in Contract Times or Contract Price is necessary,
then Contractor shall submit any Change Proposal seeking such an adjustment no later
than 30 days after the completion of the Work set out in the Work Change Directive.
2. Owner believes that an adjustment in Contract Times or Contract Price is necessary,
then Owner shall submit any Claim seeking such an adjustment no later than 60 days
after issuance of the Work Change Directive.
11.04 Field Orders
A. Engineer may authorize minor changes in the Work if the changes do not involve an
adjustment in the Contract Price or the Contract Times and are compatible with the design
concept of the completed Project as a functioning whole as indicated by the Contract
Documents. Such changes will be accomplished by a Field Order and will be binding on
Owner and also on Contractor, which shall perform the Work involved promptly.
B. If Contractor believes that a Field Order justifies an adjustment in the Contract Price or
Contract Times, then before proceeding with the Work at issue, Contractor shall submit a
Change Proposal as provided herein.
11.05 Owner-Authorized Changes in the Work
A. Without invalidating the Contract and without notice to any surety, Owner may, at any time
or from time to time, order additions, deletions, or revisions in the Work. Changes involving

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 the design (as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise) or other engineering or
technical matters will be supported by Engineer’s recommendation.
B. Such changes in the Work may be accomplished by a Change Order, if Owner and Contractor
have agreed as to the effect, if any, of the changes on Contract Times or Contract Price; or
by a Work Change Directive. Upon receipt of any such document, Contractor shall promptly
proceed with the Work involved; or, in the case of a deletion in the Work, promptly cease
construction activities with respect to such deleted Work. Added or revised Work must be
performed under the applicable conditions of the Contract Documents.
C. Nothing in this Paragraph 11.05 obligates Contractor to undertake work that Contractor
reasonably concludes cannot be performed in a manner consistent with Contractor’s safety
obligations under the Contract Documents or Laws and Regulations.
11.06 Unauthorized Changes in the Work
A. Contractor shall not be entitled to an increase in the Contract Price or an extension of the
Contract Times with respect to any work performed that is not required by the Contract
Documents, as amended, modified, or supplemented, except in the case of an emergency as
provided in Paragraph 7.15 or in the case of uncovering Work as provided in
Paragraph 14.05.C.2.
11.07 Change of Contract Price
A. The Contract Price may only be changed by a Change Order. Any Change Proposal for an
adjustment in the Contract Price must comply with the provisions of Paragraph 11.09. Any
Claim for an adjustment of Contract Price must comply with the provisions of Article 12.
B. An adjustment in the Contract Price will be determined as follows:
1. Where the Work involved is covered by unit prices contained in the Contract
Documents, then by application of such unit prices to the quantities of the items
involved (subject to the provisions of Paragraph 13.03);
2. Where the Work involved is not covered by unit prices contained in the Contract
Documents, then by a mutually agreed lump sum (which may include an allowance for
overhead and profit not necessarily in accordance with Paragraph 11.07.C.2); or
3. Where the Work involved is not covered by unit prices contained in the Contract
Documents and the parties do not reach mutual agreement to a lump sum, then on the
basis of the Cost of the Work (determined as provided in Paragraph 13.01) plus a
Contractor’s fee for overhead and profit (determined as provided in Paragraph 11.07.C).
C. Contractor’s Fee: When applicable, the Contractor’s fee for overhead and profit will be
determined as follows:
1. A mutually acceptable fixed fee; or
2. If a fixed fee is not agreed upon, then a fee based on the following percentages of the
various portions of the Cost of the Work:
a. For costs incurred under Paragraphs 13.01.B.1 and 13.01.B.2, the Contractor’s fee
will be 15 percent;
b. For costs incurred under Paragraph 13.01.B.3, the Contractor’s fee will be 5 percent;

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 c. Where one or more tiers of subcontracts are on the basis of Cost of the Work plus a
fee and no fixed fee is agreed upon, the intent of Paragraphs 11.07.C.2.a and
11.07.C.2.b is that the Contractor’s fee will be based on: (1) a fee of 15 percent of
the costs incurred under Paragraphs 13.01.B.1 and 13.01.B.2 by the Subcontractor
that actually performs the Work, at whatever tier, and (2) with respect to
Contractor itself and to any Subcontractors of a tier higher than that of the
Subcontractor that actually performs the Work, a fee of 5 percent of the amount
(fee plus underlying costs incurred) attributable to the next lower tier
Subcontractor; provided, however, that for any such subcontracted Work the
maximum total fee to be paid by Owner will be no greater than 27 percent of the
costs incurred by the Subcontractor that actually performs the Work;
d. No fee will be payable on the basis of costs itemized under Paragraphs 13.01.B.4,
13.01.B.5, and 13.01.C;
e. The amount of credit to be allowed by Contractor to Owner for any change which
results in a net decrease in Cost of the Work will be the amount of the actual net
decrease in Cost of the Work and a deduction of an additional amount equal to
5 percent of such actual net decrease in Cost of the Work; and
f. When both additions and credits are involved in any one change or Change
Proposal, the adjustment in Contractor’s fee will be computed by determining the
sum of the costs in each of the cost categories in Paragraph 13.01.B (specifically,
payroll costs, Paragraph 13.01.B.1; incorporated materials and equipment costs,
Paragraph 13.01.B.2; Subcontract costs, Paragraph 13.01.B.3; special consultants
costs, Paragraph 13.01.B.4; and other costs, Paragraph 13.01.B.5) and applying to
each such cost category sum the appropriate fee from Paragraphs 11.07.C.2.a
through 11.07.C.2.e, inclusive.
11.08 Change of Contract Times
A. The Contract Times may only be changed by a Change Order. Any Change Proposal for an
adjustment in the Contract Times must comply with the provisions of Paragraph 11.09. Any
Claim for an adjustment in the Contract Times must comply with the provisions of Article 12.
B. Delay, disruption, and interference in the Work, and any related changes in Contract Times,
are addressed in and governed by Paragraph 4.05.
11.09 Change Proposals
A. Purpose and Content: Contractor shall submit a Change Proposal to Engineer to request an
adjustment in the Contract Times or Contract Price; contest an initial decision by Engineer
concerning the requirements of the Contract Documents or relating to the acceptability of
the Work under the Contract Documents; challenge a set-off against payment due; or seek
other relief under the Contract. The Change Proposal will specify any proposed change in
Contract Times or Contract Price, or other proposed relief, and explain the reason for the
proposed change, with citations to any governing or applicable provisions of the Contract
Documents. Each Change Proposal will address only one issue, or a set of closely related
issues.

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B. Change Proposal Procedures
1. Submittal: Contractor shall submit each Change Proposal to Engineer within 30 days
after the start of the event giving rise thereto, or after such initial decision.
2. Supporting Data: The Contractor shall submit supporting data, including the proposed
change in Contract Price or Contract Time (if any), to the Engineer and Owner within
15 days after the submittal of the Change Proposal.
a. Change Proposals based on or related to delay, interruption, or interference must
comply with the provisions of Paragraphs 4.05.D and 4.05.E.
b. Change proposals related to a change of Contract Price must include full and
detailed accounts of materials incorporated into the Work and labor and equipment
used for the subject Work.
The supporting data must be accompanied by a written statement that the supporting
data are accurate and complete, and that any requested time or price adjustment is the
entire adjustment to which Contractor believes it is entitled as a result of said event.
3. Engineer’s Initial Review: Engineer will advise Owner regarding the Change Proposal,
and consider any comments or response from Owner regarding the Change Proposal. If
in its discretion Engineer concludes that additional supporting data is needed before
conducting a full review and making a decision regarding the Change Proposal, then
Engineer may request that Contractor submit such additional supporting data by a date
specified by Engineer, prior to Engineer beginning its full review of the Change Proposal.
4. Engineer’s Full Review and Action on the Change Proposal: Upon receipt of Contractor’s
supporting data (including any additional data requested by Engineer), Engineer will
conduct a full review of each Change Proposal and, within 30 days after such receipt of
the Contractor’s supporting data, either approve the Change Proposal in whole, deny it
in whole, or approve it in part and deny it in part. Such actions must be in writing, with a
copy provided to Owner and Contractor. If Engineer does not take action on the Change
Proposal within 30 days, then either Owner or Contractor may at any time thereafter
submit a letter to the other party indicating that as a result of Engineer’s inaction the
Change Proposal is deemed denied, thereby commencing the time for appeal of the
denial under Article 12.
5. Binding Decision: Engineer’s decision is final and binding upon Owner and Contractor,
unless Owner or Contractor appeals the decision by filing a Claim under Article 12.
C. Resolution of Certain Change Proposals: If the Change Proposal does not involve the design
(as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise), the acceptability of the Work, or
other engineering or technical matters, then Engineer will notify the parties in writing that
the Engineer is unable to resolve the Change Proposal. For purposes of further resolution of
such a Change Proposal, such notice will be deemed a denial, and Contractor may choose to
seek resolution under the terms of Article 12.
D. Post-Completion: Contractor shall not submit any Change Proposals after Engineer issues a
written recommendation of final payment pursuant to Paragraph 15.06.B.

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11.10 Notification to Surety
A. If the provisions of any bond require notice to be given to a surety of any change affecting
the general scope of the Work or the provisions of the Contract Documents (including, but
not limited to, Contract Price or Contract Times), the giving of any such notice will be
Contractor’s responsibility. The amount of each applicable bond will be adjusted to reflect
the effect of any such change.

ARTICLE 12—CLAIMS

12.01 Claims
A. Claims Process: The following disputes between Owner and Contractor are subject to the
Claims process set forth in this article:
1. Appeals by Owner or Contractor of Engineer’s decisions regarding Change Proposals;
2. Owner demands for adjustments in the Contract Price or Contract Times, or other relief
under the Contract Documents;
3. Disputes that Engineer has been unable to address because they do not involve the
design (as set forth in the Drawings, Specifications, or otherwise), the acceptability of
the Work, or other engineering or technical matters; and
4. Subject to the waiver provisions of Paragraph 15.07, any dispute arising after Engineer
has issued a written recommendation of final payment pursuant to Paragraph 15.06.B.
B. Submittal of Claim: The party submitting a Claim shall deliver it directly to the other party to
the Contract promptly (but in no event later than 30 days) after the start of the event giving
rise thereto; in the case of appeals regarding Change Proposals within 30 days of the
decision under appeal. The party submitting the Claim shall also furnish a copy to the
Engineer, for its information only. The responsibility to substantiate a Claim rests with the
party making the Claim. In the case of a Claim by Contractor seeking an increase in the
Contract Times or Contract Price, Contractor shall certify that the Claim is made in good
faith, that the supporting data are accurate and complete, and that to the best of
Contractor’s knowledge and belief the amount of time or money requested accurately
reflects the full amount to which Contractor is entitled.
C. Review and Resolution: The party receiving a Claim shall review it thoroughly, giving full
consideration to its merits. The two parties shall seek to resolve the Claim through the
exchange of information and direct negotiations. The parties may extend the time for
resolving the Claim by mutual agreement. All actions taken on a Claim will be stated in
writing and submitted to the other party, with a copy to Engineer.
D. Mediation
1. At any time after initiation of a Claim, Owner and Contractor may mutually agree to
mediation of the underlying dispute. The agreement to mediate will stay the Claim
submittal and response process.
2. If Owner and Contractor agree to mediation, then after 60 days from such agreement,
either Owner or Contractor may unilaterally terminate the mediation process, and the
Claim submittal and decision process will resume as of the date of the termination. If
the mediation proceeds but is unsuccessful in resolving the dispute, the Claim submittal
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 and decision process will resume as of the date of the conclusion of the mediation, as
determined by the mediator.
3. Owner and Contractor shall each pay one-half of the mediator’s fees and costs.
E. Partial Approval: If the party receiving a Claim approves the Claim in part and denies it in
part, such action will be final and binding unless within 30 days of such action the other
party invokes the procedure set forth in Article 17 for final resolution of disputes.
F. Denial of Claim: If efforts to resolve a Claim are not successful, the party receiving the Claim
may deny it by giving written notice of denial to the other party. If the receiving party does
not take action on the Claim within 90 days, then either Owner or Contractor may at any
time thereafter submit a letter to the other party indicating that as a result of the inaction,
the Claim is deemed denied, thereby commencing the time for appeal of the denial. A denial
of the Claim will be final and binding unless within 30 days of the denial the other party
invokes the procedure set forth in Article 17 for the final resolution of disputes.
G. Final and Binding Results: If the parties reach a mutual agreement regarding a Claim,
whether through approval of the Claim, direct negotiations, mediation, or otherwise; or if a
Claim is approved in part and denied in part, or denied in full, and such actions become final
and binding; then the results of the agreement or action on the Claim will be incorporated in
a Change Order or other written document to the extent they affect the Contract, including
the Work, the Contract Times, or the Contract Price.

ARTICLE 13—COST OF THE WORK; ALLOWANCES; UNIT PRICE WORK

13.01 Cost of the Work

A. Purposes for Determination of Cost of the Work: The term Cost of the Work means the sum
of all costs necessary for the proper performance of the Work at issue, as further defined
below. The provisions of this Paragraph 13.01 are used for two distinct purposes:
1. To determine Cost of the Work when Cost of the Work is a component of the Contract
Price, under cost-plus-fee, time-and-materials, or other cost-based terms; or
2. When needed to determine the value of a Change Order, Change Proposal, Claim, set-
off, or other adjustment in Contract Price. When the value of any such adjustment is
determined on the basis of Cost of the Work, Contractor is entitled only to those
additional or incremental costs required because of the change in the Work or because
of the event giving rise to the adjustment.
B. Costs Included: Except as otherwise may be agreed to in writing by Owner, costs included in
the Cost of the Work will be in amounts no higher than those commonly incurred in the
locality of the Project, will not include any of the costs itemized in Paragraph 13.01.C, and
will include only the following items:
1. Payroll costs for employees in the direct employ of Contractor in the performance of the
Work under schedules of job classifications agreed upon by Owner and Contractor in
advance of the subject Work. Such employees include, without limitation,
superintendents, foremen, safety managers, safety representatives, and other
personnel employed full time on the Work. Payroll costs for employees not employed
full time on the Work will be apportioned on the basis of their time spent on the Work.
Payroll costs include, but are not limited to, salaries and wages plus the cost of fringe
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 benefits, which include social security contributions, unemployment, excise, and payroll
taxes, workers’ compensation, health and retirement benefits, sick leave, and vacation
and holiday pay applicable thereto. The expenses of performing Work outside of regular
working hours, on Saturday, Sunday, or legal holidays, will be included in the above to
the extent authorized by Owner.
2. Cost of all materials and equipment furnished and incorporated in the Work, including
costs of transportation and storage thereof, and Suppliers’ field services required in
connection therewith. All cash discounts accrue to Contractor unless Owner deposits
funds with Contractor with which to make payments, in which case the cash discounts
will accrue to Owner. All trade discounts, rebates, and refunds and returns from sale of
surplus materials and equipment will accrue to Owner, and Contractor shall make
provisions so that they may be obtained.
3. Payments made by Contractor to Subcontractors for Work performed by
Subcontractors. If required by Owner, Contractor shall obtain competitive bids from
subcontractors acceptable to Owner and Contractor and shall deliver such bids to
Owner, which will then determine, with the advice of Engineer, which bids, if any, will
be acceptable. If any subcontract provides that the Subcontractor is to be paid on the
basis of Cost of the Work plus a fee, the Subcontractor’s Cost of the Work and fee will
be determined in the same manner as Contractor’s Cost of the Work and fee as
provided in this Paragraph 13.01.
4. Costs of special consultants (including but not limited to engineers, architects, testing
laboratories, surveyors, attorneys, and accountants) employed or retained for services
specifically related to the Work.
5. Other costs consisting of the following:
a. The proportion of necessary transportation, travel, and subsistence expenses of
Contractor’s employees incurred in discharge of duties connected with the Work.
b. Cost, including transportation and maintenance, of all materials, supplies,
equipment, machinery, appliances, office, and temporary facilities at the Site, which
are consumed in the performance of the Work, and cost, less market value, of such
items used but not consumed which remain the property of Contractor.
1) In establishing included costs for materials such as scaffolding, plating, or
sheeting, consideration will be given to the actual or the estimated life of the
material for use on other projects; or rental rates may be established on the
basis of purchase or salvage value of such items, whichever is less. Contractor
will not be eligible for compensation for such items in an amount that exceeds
the purchase cost of such item.
c. Construction Equipment Rental
1) Rentals of all construction equipment and machinery, and the parts thereof, in
accordance with rental agreements approved by Owner as to price (including
any surcharge or special rates applicable to overtime use of the construction
equipment or machinery), and the costs of transportation, loading, unloading,
assembly, dismantling, and removal thereof. All such costs will be in accordance
with the terms of said rental agreements. The rental of any such equipment,

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 machinery, or parts must cease when the use thereof is no longer necessary for
the Work.
2) Costs for equipment and machinery owned by Contractor or a Contractor-
related entity will be paid at a rate shown for such equipment in the equipment
rental rate book specified in the Supplementary Conditions. An hourly rate will
be computed by dividing the monthly rates by 176. These computed rates will
include all operating costs.
3) With respect to Work that is the result of a Change Order, Change Proposal,
Claim, set-off, or other adjustment in Contract Price (“changed Work”), included
costs will be based on the time the equipment or machinery is in use on the
changed Work and the costs of transportation, loading, unloading, assembly,
dismantling, and removal when directly attributable to the changed Work. The
cost of any such equipment or machinery, or parts thereof, must cease to
accrue when the use thereof is no longer necessary for the changed Work.
d. Sales, consumer, use, and other similar taxes related to the Work, and for which
Contractor is liable, as imposed by Laws and Regulations.
e. Deposits lost for causes other than negligence of Contractor, any Subcontractor, or
anyone directly or indirectly employed by any of them or for whose acts any of
them may be liable, and royalty payments and fees for permits and licenses.
f. Losses and damages (and related expenses) caused by damage to the Work, not
compensated by insurance or otherwise, sustained by Contractor in connection with
the performance of the Work (except losses and damages within the deductible
amounts of builder’s risk or other property insurance established in accordance with
Paragraph 6.04), provided such losses and damages have resulted from causes other
than the negligence of Contractor, any Subcontractor, or anyone directly or
indirectly employed by any of them or for whose acts any of them may be liable.
Such losses include settlements made with the written consent and approval of
Owner. No such losses, damages, and expenses will be included in the Cost of the
Work for the purpose of determining Contractor’s fee.
g. The cost of utilities, fuel, and sanitary facilities at the Site.
h. Minor expenses such as communication service at the Site, express and courier
services, and similar petty cash items in connection with the Work.
i. The costs of premiums for all bonds and insurance that Contractor is required by the
Contract Documents to purchase and maintain.
C. Costs Excluded: The term Cost of the Work does not include any of the following items:
1. Payroll costs and other compensation of Contractor’s officers, executives, principals,
general managers, engineers, architects, estimators, attorneys, auditors, accountants,
purchasing and contracting agents, expediters, timekeepers, clerks, and other personnel
employed by Contractor, whether at the Site or in Contractor’s principal or branch office
for general administration of the Work and not specifically included in the agreed upon
schedule of job classifications referred to in Paragraph 13.01.B.1 or specifically covered
by Paragraph 13.01.B.4. The payroll costs and other compensation excluded here are to
be considered administrative costs covered by the Contractor’s fee.
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 2. The cost of purchasing, renting, or furnishing small tools and hand tools.
3. Expenses of Contractor’s principal and branch offices other than Contractor’s office at
the Site.
4. Any part of Contractor’s capital expenses, including interest on Contractor’s capital
employed for the Work and charges against Contractor for delinquent payments.
5. Costs due to the negligence of Contractor, any Subcontractor, or anyone directly or
indirectly employed by any of them or for whose acts any of them may be liable,
including but not limited to, the correction of defective Work, disposal of materials or
equipment wrongly supplied, and making good any damage to property.
6. Expenses incurred in preparing and advancing Claims.
7. Other overhead or general expense costs of any kind and the costs of any item not
specifically and expressly included in Paragraph 13.01.B.
D. Contractor’s Fee
1. When the Work as a whole is performed on the basis of cost-plus-a-fee, then:
a. Contractor’s fee for the Work set forth in the Contract Documents as of the
Effective Date of the Contract will be determined as set forth in the Agreement.
b. for any Work covered by a Change Order, Change Proposal, Claim, set-off, or other
adjustment in Contract Price on the basis of Cost of the Work, Contractor’s fee will
be determined as follows:
1) When the fee for the Work as a whole is a percentage of the Cost of the Work,
the fee will automatically adjust as the Cost of the Work changes.
2) When the fee for the Work as a whole is a fixed fee, the fee for any additions or
deletions will be determined in accordance with Paragraph 11.07.C.2.
2. When the Work as a whole is performed on the basis of a stipulated sum, or any other
basis other than cost-plus-a-fee, then Contractor’s fee for any Work covered by a
Change Order, Change Proposal, Claim, set-off, or other adjustment in Contract Price on
the basis of Cost of the Work will be determined in accordance with
Paragraph 11.07.C.2.
E. Documentation and Audit: Whenever the Cost of the Work for any purpose is to be
determined pursuant to this Article 13, Contractor and pertinent Subcontractors will
establish and maintain records of the costs in accordance with generally accepted
accounting practices. Subject to prior written notice, Owner will be afforded reasonable
access, during normal business hours, to all Contractor’s accounts, records, books,
correspondence, instructions, drawings, receipts, vouchers, memoranda, and similar data
relating to the Cost of the Work and Contractor’s fee. Contractor shall preserve all such
documents for a period of three years after the final payment by Owner. Pertinent
Subcontractors will afford such access to Owner, and preserve such documents, to the same
extent required of Contractor.

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13.02 Allowances
A. It is understood that Contractor has included in the Contract Price all allowances so named
in the Contract Documents and shall cause the Work so covered to be performed for such
sums and by such persons or entities as may be acceptable to Owner and Engineer.
B. Cash Allowances: Contractor agrees that:
1. the cash allowances include the cost to Contractor (less any applicable trade discounts)
of materials and equipment required by the allowances to be delivered at the Site, and
all applicable taxes; and
2. Contractor’s costs for unloading and handling on the Site, labor, installation, overhead,
profit, and other expenses contemplated for the cash allowances have been included in
the Contract Price and not in the allowances, and no demand for additional payment for
any of the foregoing will be valid.
C. Owner’s Contingency Allowance: Contractor agrees that an Owner’s contingency allowance,
if any, is for the sole use of Owner to cover unanticipated costs.
D. Prior to final payment, an appropriate Change Order will be issued as recommended by
Engineer to reflect actual amounts due Contractor for Work covered by allowances, and the
Contract Price will be correspondingly adjusted.
13.03 Unit Price Work
A. Where the Contract Documents provide that all or part of the Work is to be Unit Price Work,
initially the Contract Price will be deemed to include for all Unit Price Work an amount equal
to the sum of the unit price for each separately identified item of Unit Price Work times the
estimated quantity of each item as indicated in the Agreement.
B. The estimated quantities of items of Unit Price Work are not guaranteed and are solely for
the purpose of comparison of Bids and determining an initial Contract Price. Payments to
Contractor for Unit Price Work will be based on actual quantities.
C. Each unit price will be deemed to include an amount considered by Contractor to be
adequate to cover Contractor’s overhead and profit for each separately identified item.
D. Engineer will determine the actual quantities and classifications of Unit Price Work
performed by Contractor. Engineer will review with Contractor the Engineer’s preliminary
determinations on such matters before rendering a written decision thereon (by
recommendation of an Application for Payment or otherwise). Engineer’s written decision
thereon will be final and binding (except as modified by Engineer to reflect changed factual
conditions or more accurate data) upon Owner and Contractor, and the final adjustment of
Contract Price will be set forth in a Change Order, subject to the provisions of the following
paragraph.
E. Adjustments in Unit Price
1. Contractor or Owner shall be entitled to an adjustment in the unit price with respect to
an item of Unit Price Work if:
a. the quantity of the item of Unit Price Work performed by Contractor differs
materially and significantly from the estimated quantity of such item indicated in
the Agreement; and

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 b. Contractor’s unit costs to perform the item of Unit Price Work have changed
materially and significantly as a result of the quantity change.
2. The adjustment in unit price will account for and be coordinated with any related
changes in quantities of other items of Work, and in Contractor’s costs to perform such
other Work, such that the resulting overall change in Contract Price is equitable to
Owner and Contractor.
3. Adjusted unit prices will apply to all units of that item.

ARTICLE 14—TESTS AND INSPECTIONS; CORRECTION, REMOVAL, OR ACCEPTANCE OF DEFECTIVE

WORK

14.01 Access to Work

A. Owner, Engineer, their consultants and other representatives and personnel of Owner,
independent testing laboratories, and authorities having jurisdiction have access to the Site
and the Work at reasonable times for their observation, inspection, and testing. Contractor
shall provide them proper and safe conditions for such access and advise them of
Contractor’s safety procedures and programs so that they may comply with such procedures
and programs as applicable.
14.02 Tests, Inspections, and Approvals
A. Contractor shall give Engineer timely notice of readiness of the Work (or specific parts
thereof) for all required inspections and tests, and shall cooperate with inspection and
testing personnel to facilitate required inspections and tests.
B. Owner shall retain and pay for the services of an independent inspector, testing laboratory,
or other qualified individual or entity to perform all inspections and tests expressly required
by the Contract Documents to be furnished and paid for by Owner, except that costs
incurred in connection with tests or inspections of covered Work will be governed by the
provisions of Paragraph 14.05.
C. If Laws or Regulations of any public body having jurisdiction require any Work (or part
thereof) specifically to be inspected, tested, or approved by an employee or other
representative of such public body, Contractor shall assume full responsibility for arranging
and obtaining such inspections, tests, or approvals, pay all costs in connection therewith,
and furnish Engineer the required certificates of inspection or approval.
D. Contractor shall be responsible for arranging, obtaining, and paying for all inspections and
tests required:
1. by the Contract Documents, unless the Contract Documents expressly allocate
responsibility for a specific inspection or test to Owner;
2. to attain Owner’s and Engineer’s acceptance of materials or equipment to be
incorporated in the Work;
3. by manufacturers of equipment furnished under the Contract Documents;
4. for testing, adjusting, and balancing of mechanical, electrical, and other equipment to
be incorporated into the Work; and

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 5. for acceptance of materials, mix designs, or equipment submitted for approval prior to
Contractor’s purchase thereof for incorporation in the Work.
Such inspections and tests will be performed by independent inspectors, testing
laboratories, or other qualified individuals or entities acceptable to Owner and Engineer.
E. If the Contract Documents require the Work (or part thereof) to be approved by Owner,
Engineer, or another designated individual or entity, then Contractor shall assume full
responsibility for arranging and obtaining such approvals.
F. If any Work (or the work of others) that is to be inspected, tested, or approved is covered by
Contractor without written concurrence of Engineer, Contractor shall, if requested by
Engineer, uncover such Work for observation. Such uncovering will be at Contractor’s
expense unless Contractor had given Engineer timely notice of Contractor’s intention to
cover the same and Engineer had not acted with reasonable promptness in response to such
notice.
14.03 Defective Work
A. Contractor’s Obligation: It is Contractor’s obligation to assure that the Work is not defective.
B. Engineer’s Authority: Engineer has the authority to determine whether Work is defective,
and to reject defective Work.
C. Notice of Defects: Prompt written notice of all defective Work of which Owner or Engineer
has actual knowledge will be given to Contractor.
D. Correction, or Removal and Replacement: Promptly after receipt of written notice of
defective Work, Contractor shall correct all such defective Work, whether or not fabricated,
installed, or completed, or, if Engineer has rejected the defective Work, remove it from the
Project and replace it with Work that is not defective.
E. Preservation of Warranties: When correcting defective Work, Contractor shall take no action
that would void or otherwise impair Owner’s special warranty and guarantee, if any, on said
Work.
F. Costs and Damages: In addition to its correction, removal, and replacement obligations with
respect to defective Work, Contractor shall pay all claims, costs, losses, and damages arising
out of or relating to defective Work, including but not limited to the cost of the inspection,
testing, correction, removal, replacement, or reconstruction of such defective Work, fines
levied against Owner by governmental authorities because the Work is defective, and the
costs of repair or replacement of work of others resulting from defective Work. Prior to final
payment, if Owner and Contractor are unable to agree as to the measure of such claims,
costs, losses, and damages resulting from defective Work, then Owner may impose a
reasonable set-off against payments due under Article 15.
14.04 Acceptance of Defective Work
A. If, instead of requiring correction or removal and replacement of defective Work, Owner
prefers to accept it, Owner may do so (subject, if such acceptance occurs prior to final
payment, to Engineer’s confirmation that such acceptance is in general accord with the
design intent and applicable engineering principles, and will not endanger public safety).
Contractor shall pay all claims, costs, losses, and damages attributable to Owner’s
evaluation of and determination to accept such defective Work (such costs to be approved

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 by Engineer as to reasonableness), and for the diminished value of the Work to the extent
not otherwise paid by Contractor. If any such acceptance occurs prior to final payment, the
necessary revisions in the Contract Documents with respect to the Work will be
incorporated in a Change Order. If the parties are unable to agree as to the decrease in the
Contract Price, reflecting the diminished value of Work so accepted, then Owner may
impose a reasonable set-off against payments due under Article 15. If the acceptance of
defective Work occurs after final payment, Contractor shall pay an appropriate amount to
Owner.
14.05 Uncovering Work
A. Engineer has the authority to require additional inspection or testing of the Work, whether
or not the Work is fabricated, installed, or completed.
B. If any Work is covered contrary to the written request of Engineer, then Contractor shall, if
requested by Engineer, uncover such Work for Engineer’s observation, and then replace the
covering, all at Contractor’s expense.
C. If Engineer considers it necessary or advisable that covered Work be observed by Engineer
or inspected or tested by others, then Contractor, at Engineer’s request, shall uncover,
expose, or otherwise make available for observation, inspection, or testing as Engineer may
require, that portion of the Work in question, and provide all necessary labor, material, and
equipment.
1. If it is found that the uncovered Work is defective, Contractor shall be responsible for all
claims, costs, losses, and damages arising out of or relating to such uncovering,
exposure, observation, inspection, and testing, and of satisfactory replacement or
reconstruction (including but not limited to all costs of repair or replacement of work of
others); and pending Contractor’s full discharge of this responsibility the Owner shall be
entitled to impose a reasonable set-off against payments due under Article 15.
2. If the uncovered Work is not found to be defective, Contractor shall be allowed an
increase in the Contract Price or an extension of the Contract Times, directly
attributable to such uncovering, exposure, observation, inspection, testing,
replacement, and reconstruction. If the parties are unable to agree as to the amount or
extent thereof, then Contractor may submit a Change Proposal within 30 days of the
determination that the Work is not defective.
14.06 Owner May Stop the Work
A. If the Work is defective, or Contractor fails to supply sufficient skilled workers or suitable
materials or equipment, or fails to perform the Work in such a way that the completed
Work will conform to the Contract Documents, then Owner may order Contractor to stop
the Work, or any portion thereof, until the cause for such order has been eliminated;
however, this right of Owner to stop the Work will not give rise to any duty on the part of
Owner to exercise this right for the benefit of Contractor, any Subcontractor, any Supplier,
any other individual or entity, or any surety for, or employee or agent of any of them.
14.07 Owner May Correct Defective Work
A. If Contractor fails within a reasonable time after written notice from Engineer to correct
defective Work, or to remove and replace defective Work as required by Engineer, then

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 Owner may, after 7 days’ written notice to Contractor, correct or remedy any such
deficiency.
B. In exercising the rights and remedies under this Paragraph 14.07, Owner shall proceed
expeditiously. In connection with such corrective or remedial action, Owner may exclude
Contractor from all or part of the Site, take possession of all or part of the Work and
suspend Contractor’s services related thereto, and incorporate in the Work all materials and
equipment stored at the Site or for which Owner has paid Contractor but which are stored
elsewhere. Contractor shall allow Owner, Owner’s representatives, agents and employees,
Owner’s other contractors, and Engineer and Engineer’s consultants access to the Site to
enable Owner to exercise the rights and remedies under this paragraph.
C. All claims, costs, losses, and damages incurred or sustained by Owner in exercising the rights
and remedies under this Paragraph 14.07 will be charged against Contractor as set-offs
against payments due under Article 15. Such claims, costs, losses and damages will include
but not be limited to all costs of repair, or replacement of work of others destroyed or
damaged by correction, removal, or replacement of Contractor’s defective Work.
D. Contractor shall not be allowed an extension of the Contract Times because of any delay in
the performance of the Work attributable to the exercise by Owner of Owner’s rights and
remedies under this Paragraph 14.07.

ARTICLE 15—PAYMENTS TO CONTRACTOR; SET-OFFS; COMPLETION; CORRECTION PERIOD

15.01 Progress Payments

A. Basis for Progress Payments: The Schedule of Values established as provided in Article 2 will
serve as the basis for progress payments and will be incorporated into a form of Application
for Payment acceptable to Engineer. Progress payments for Unit Price Work will be based on
the number of units completed during the pay period, as determined under the provisions
of Paragraph 13.03. Progress payments for cost-based Work will be based on Cost of the
Work completed by Contractor during the pay period.
B. Applications for Payments
1. At least 20 days before the date established in the Agreement for each progress
payment (but not more often than once a month), Contractor shall submit to Engineer
for review an Application for Payment filled out and signed by Contractor covering the
Work completed as of the date of the Application and accompanied by such supporting
documentation as is required by the Contract Documents.
2. If payment is requested on the basis of materials and equipment not incorporated in the
Work but delivered and suitably stored at the Site or at another location agreed to in
writing, the Application for Payment must also be accompanied by: (a) a bill of sale,
invoice, copies of subcontract or purchase order payments, or other documentation
establishing full payment by Contractor for the materials and equipment; (b) at Owner’s
request, documentation warranting that Owner has received the materials and
equipment free and clear of all Liens; and (c) evidence that the materials and equipment
are covered by appropriate property insurance, a warehouse bond, or other
arrangements to protect Owner’s interest therein, all of which must be satisfactory to
Owner.

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 3. Beginning with the second Application for Payment, each Application must include an
affidavit of Contractor stating that all previous progress payments received by
Contractor have been applied to discharge Contractor’s legitimate obligations
associated with prior Applications for Payment.
4. The amount of retainage with respect to progress payments will be as stipulated in the
Agreement.
C. Review of Applications
1. Engineer will, within 10 days after receipt of each Application for Payment, including
each resubmittal, either indicate in writing a recommendation of payment and present
the Application to Owner, or return the Application to Contractor indicating in writing
Engineer’s reasons for refusing to recommend payment. In the latter case, Contractor
may make the necessary corrections and resubmit the Application.
2. Engineer’s recommendation of any payment requested in an Application for Payment
will constitute a representation by Engineer to Owner, based on Engineer’s observations
of the executed Work as an experienced and qualified design professional, and on
Engineer’s review of the Application for Payment and the accompanying data and
schedules, that to the best of Engineer’s knowledge, information and belief:
a. the Work has progressed to the point indicated;
b. the quality of the Work is generally in accordance with the Contract Documents
(subject to an evaluation of the Work as a functioning whole prior to or upon
Substantial Completion, the results of any subsequent tests called for in the
Contract Documents, a final determination of quantities and classifications for Unit
Price Work under Paragraph 13.03, and any other qualifications stated in the
recommendation); and
c. the conditions precedent to Contractor’s being entitled to such payment appear to
have been fulfilled in so far as it is Engineer’s responsibility to observe the Work.
3. By recommending any such payment Engineer will not thereby be deemed to have
represented that:
a. inspections made to check the quality or the quantity of the Work as it has been
performed have been exhaustive, extended to every aspect of the Work in progress,
or involved detailed inspections of the Work beyond the responsibilities specifically
assigned to Engineer in the Contract; or
b. there may not be other matters or issues between the parties that might entitle
Contractor to be paid additionally by Owner or entitle Owner to withhold payment
to Contractor.
4. Neither Engineer’s review of Contractor’s Work for the purposes of recommending
payments nor Engineer’s recommendation of any payment, including final payment, will
impose responsibility on Engineer:
a. to supervise, direct, or control the Work;
b. for the means, methods, techniques, sequences, or procedures of construction, or
the safety precautions and programs incident thereto;

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 c. for Contractor’s failure to comply with Laws and Regulations applicable to
Contractor’s performance of the Work;
d. to make any examination to ascertain how or for what purposes Contractor has
used the money paid by Owner; or
e. to determine that title to any of the Work, materials, or equipment has passed to
Owner free and clear of any Liens.
5. Engineer may refuse to recommend the whole or any part of any payment if, in
Engineer’s opinion, it would be incorrect to make the representations to Owner stated
in Paragraph 15.01.C.2.
6. Engineer will recommend reductions in payment (set-offs) necessary in Engineer’s
opinion to protect Owner from loss because:
a. the Work is defective, requiring correction or replacement;
b. the Contract Price has been reduced by Change Orders;
c. Owner has been required to correct defective Work in accordance with
Paragraph 14.07, or has accepted defective Work pursuant to Paragraph 14.04;
d. Owner has been required to remove or remediate a Hazardous Environmental
Condition for which Contractor is responsible; or
e. Engineer has actual knowledge of the occurrence of any of the events that would
constitute a default by Contractor and therefore justify termination for cause under
the Contract Documents.
D. Payment Becomes Due
1. Ten days after presentation of the Application for Payment to Owner with Engineer’s
recommendation, the amount recommended (subject to any Owner set-offs) will
become due, and when due will be paid by Owner to Contractor.
E. Reductions in Payment by Owner
1. In addition to any reductions in payment (set-offs) recommended by Engineer, Owner is
entitled to impose a set-off against payment based on any of the following:
a. Claims have been made against Owner based on Contractor’s conduct in the
performance or furnishing of the Work, or Owner has incurred costs, losses, or
damages resulting from Contractor’s conduct in the performance or furnishing of
the Work, including but not limited to claims, costs, losses, or damages from
workplace injuries, adjacent property damage, non-compliance with Laws and
Regulations, and patent infringement;
b. Contractor has failed to take reasonable and customary measures to avoid damage,
delay, disruption, and interference with other work at or adjacent to the Site;
c. Contractor has failed to provide and maintain required bonds or insurance;
d. Owner has been required to remove or remediate a Hazardous Environmental
Condition for which Contractor is responsible;

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 e. Owner has incurred extra charges or engineering costs related to submittal reviews,
evaluations of proposed substitutes, tests and inspections, or return visits to
manufacturing or assembly facilities;
f. The Work is defective, requiring correction or replacement;
g. Owner has been required to correct defective Work in accordance with
Paragraph 14.07, or has accepted defective Work pursuant to Paragraph 14.04;
h. The Contract Price has been reduced by Change Orders;
i. An event has occurred that would constitute a default by Contractor and therefore
justify a termination for cause;
j. Liquidated or other damages have accrued as a result of Contractor’s failure to
achieve Milestones, Substantial Completion, or final completion of the Work;
k. Liens have been filed in connection with the Work, except where Contractor has
delivered a specific bond satisfactory to Owner to secure the satisfaction and
discharge of such Liens; or
l. Other items entitle Owner to a set-off against the amount recommended.
2. If Owner imposes any set-off against payment, whether based on its own knowledge or
on the written recommendations of Engineer, Owner will give Contractor immediate
written notice (with a copy to Engineer) stating the reasons for such action and the
specific amount of the reduction, and promptly pay Contractor any amount remaining
after deduction of the amount so withheld. Owner shall promptly pay Contractor the
amount so withheld, or any adjustment thereto agreed to by Owner and Contractor, if
Contractor remedies the reasons for such action. The reduction imposed will be binding
on Contractor unless it duly submits a Change Proposal contesting the reduction.
3. Upon a subsequent determination that Owner’s refusal of payment was not justified,
the amount wrongfully withheld will be treated as an amount due as determined by
Paragraph 15.01.D.1 and subject to interest as provided in the Agreement.
15.02 Contractor’s Warranty of Title
A. Contractor warrants and guarantees that title to all Work, materials, and equipment
furnished under the Contract will pass to Owner free and clear of (1) all Liens and other title
defects, and (2) all patent, licensing, copyright, or royalty obligations, no later than 7 days
after the time of payment by Owner.
15.03 Substantial Completion
A. When Contractor considers the entire Work ready for its intended use Contractor shall
notify Owner and Engineer in writing that the entire Work is substantially complete and
request that Engineer issue a certificate of Substantial Completion. Contractor shall at the
same time submit to Owner and Engineer an initial draft of punch list items to be completed
or corrected before final payment.
B. Promptly after Contractor’s notification, Owner, Contractor, and Engineer shall make an
inspection of the Work to determine the status of completion. If Engineer does not consider
the Work substantially complete, Engineer will notify Contractor in writing giving the
reasons therefor.

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 C. If Engineer considers the Work substantially complete, Engineer will deliver to Owner a
preliminary certificate of Substantial Completion which will fix the date of Substantial
Completion. Engineer shall attach to the certificate a punch list of items to be completed or
corrected before final payment. Owner shall have 7 days after receipt of the preliminary
certificate during which to make written objection to Engineer as to any provisions of the
certificate or attached punch list. If, after considering the objections to the provisions of the
preliminary certificate, Engineer concludes that the Work is not substantially complete,
Engineer will, within 14 days after submission of the preliminary certificate to Owner, notify
Contractor in writing that the Work is not substantially complete, stating the reasons
therefor. If Owner does not object to the provisions of the certificate, or if despite
consideration of Owner’s objections Engineer concludes that the Work is substantially
complete, then Engineer will, within said 14 days, execute and deliver to Owner and
Contractor a final certificate of Substantial Completion (with a revised punch list of items to
be completed or corrected) reflecting such changes from the preliminary certificate as
Engineer believes justified after consideration of any objections from Owner.
D. At the time of receipt of the preliminary certificate of Substantial Completion, Owner and
Contractor will confer regarding Owner’s use or occupancy of the Work following
Substantial Completion, review the builder’s risk insurance policy with respect to the end of
the builder’s risk coverage, and confirm the transition to coverage of the Work under a
permanent property insurance policy held by Owner. Unless Owner and Contractor agree
otherwise in writing, Owner shall bear responsibility for security, operation, protection of
the Work, property insurance, maintenance, heat, and utilities upon Owner’s use or
occupancy of the Work.
E. After Substantial Completion the Contractor shall promptly begin work on the punch list of
items to be completed or corrected prior to final payment. In appropriate cases Contractor
may submit monthly Applications for Payment for completed punch list items, following the
progress payment procedures set forth above.
F. Owner shall have the right to exclude Contractor from the Site after the date of Substantial
Completion subject to allowing Contractor reasonable access to remove its property and
complete or correct items on the punch list.
15.04 Partial Use or Occupancy
A. Prior to Substantial Completion of all the Work, Owner may use or occupy any substantially
completed part of the Work which has specifically been identified in the Contract
Documents, or which Owner, Engineer, and Contractor agree constitutes a separately
functioning and usable part of the Work that can be used by Owner for its intended purpose
without significant interference with Contractor’s performance of the remainder of the
Work, subject to the following conditions:
1. At any time, Owner may request in writing that Contractor permit Owner to use or
occupy any such part of the Work that Owner believes to be substantially complete. If
and when Contractor agrees that such part of the Work is substantially complete,
Contractor, Owner, and Engineer will follow the procedures of Paragraph 15.03.A
through 15.03.E for that part of the Work.

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 2. At any time, Contractor may notify Owner and Engineer in writing that Contractor
considers any such part of the Work substantially complete and request Engineer to
issue a certificate of Substantial Completion for that part of the Work.
3. Within a reasonable time after either such request, Owner, Contractor, and Engineer
shall make an inspection of that part of the Work to determine its status of completion.
If Engineer does not consider that part of the Work to be substantially complete,
Engineer will notify Owner and Contractor in writing giving the reasons therefor. If
Engineer considers that part of the Work to be substantially complete, the provisions of
Paragraph 15.03 will apply with respect to certification of Substantial Completion of that
part of the Work and the division of responsibility in respect thereof and access thereto.
4. No use or occupancy or separate operation of part of the Work may occur prior to
compliance with the requirements of Paragraph 6.04 regarding builder’s risk or other
property insurance.
15.05 Final Inspection
A. Upon written notice from Contractor that the entire Work or an agreed portion thereof is
complete, Engineer will promptly make a final inspection with Owner and Contractor and
will notify Contractor in writing of all particulars in which this inspection reveals that the
Work, or agreed portion thereof, is incomplete or defective. Contractor shall immediately
take such measures as are necessary to complete such Work or remedy such deficiencies.
15.06 Final Payment
A. Application for Payment
1. After Contractor has, in the opinion of Engineer, satisfactorily completed all corrections
identified during the final inspection and has delivered, in accordance with the Contract
Documents, all maintenance and operating instructions, schedules, guarantees, bonds,
certificates or other evidence of insurance, certificates of inspection, annotated record
documents (as provided in Paragraph 7.12), and other documents, Contractor may make
application for final payment.
2. The final Application for Payment must be accompanied (except as previously delivered)
by:
a. all documentation called for in the Contract Documents;
b. consent of the surety, if any, to final payment;
c. satisfactory evidence that all title issues have been resolved such that title to all
Work, materials, and equipment has passed to Owner free and clear of any Liens or
other title defects, or will so pass upon final payment.
d. a list of all duly pending Change Proposals and Claims; and
e. complete and legally effective releases or waivers (satisfactory to Owner) of all Lien
rights arising out of the Work, and of Liens filed in connection with the Work.
3. In lieu of the releases or waivers of Liens specified in Paragraph 15.06.A.2 and as
approved by Owner, Contractor may furnish receipts or releases in full and an affidavit
of Contractor that: (a) the releases and receipts include all labor, services, material, and
equipment for which a Lien could be filed; and (b) all payrolls, material and equipment

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 bills, and other indebtedness connected with the Work for which Owner might in any
way be responsible, or which might in any way result in liens or other burdens on
Owner's property, have been paid or otherwise satisfied. If any Subcontractor or
Supplier fails to furnish such a release or receipt in full, Contractor may furnish a bond
or other collateral satisfactory to Owner to indemnify Owner against any Lien, or Owner
at its option may issue joint checks payable to Contractor and specified Subcontractors
and Suppliers.
B. Engineer’s Review of Final Application and Recommendation of Payment: If, on the basis of
Engineer’s observation of the Work during construction and final inspection, and Engineer’s
review of the final Application for Payment and accompanying documentation as required
by the Contract Documents, Engineer is satisfied that the Work has been completed and
Contractor’s other obligations under the Contract have been fulfilled, Engineer will, within
10 days after receipt of the final Application for Payment, indicate in writing Engineer’s
recommendation of final payment and present the final Application for Payment to Owner
for payment. Such recommendation will account for any set-offs against payment that are
necessary in Engineer’s opinion to protect Owner from loss for the reasons stated above
with respect to progress payments. Otherwise, Engineer will return the Application for
Payment to Contractor, indicating in writing the reasons for refusing to recommend final
payment, in which case Contractor shall make the necessary corrections and resubmit the
Application for Payment.
C. Notice of Acceptability: In support of its recommendation of payment of the final
Application for Payment, Engineer will also give written notice to Owner and Contractor that
the Work is acceptable, subject to stated limitations in the notice and to the provisions of
Paragraph 15.07.
D. Completion of Work: The Work is complete (subject to surviving obligations) when it is ready
for final payment as established by the Engineer’s written recommendation of final payment
and issuance of notice of the acceptability of the Work.
E. Final Payment Becomes Due: Upon receipt from Engineer of the final Application for
Payment and accompanying documentation, Owner shall set off against the amount
recommended by Engineer for final payment any further sum to which Owner is entitled,
including but not limited to set-offs for liquidated damages and set-offs allowed under the
provisions of this Contract with respect to progress payments. Owner shall pay the resulting
balance due to Contractor within 30 days of Owner’s receipt of the final Application for
Payment from Engineer.
15.07 Waiver of Claims
A. By making final payment, Owner waives its claim or right to liquidated damages or other
damages for late completion by Contractor, except as set forth in an outstanding Claim,
appeal under the provisions of Article 17, set-off, or express reservation of rights by Owner.
Owner reserves all other claims or rights after final payment.
B. The acceptance of final payment by Contractor will constitute a waiver by Contractor of all
claims and rights against Owner other than those pending matters that have been duly
submitted as a Claim, or appealed under the provisions of Article 17.

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15.08 Correction Period
A. If within one year after the date of Substantial Completion (or such longer period of time as
may be prescribed by the Supplementary Conditions or the terms of any applicable special
guarantee required by the Contract Documents), Owner gives Contractor written notice that
any Work has been found to be defective, or that Contractor’s repair of any damages to the
Site or adjacent areas has been found to be defective, then after receipt of such notice of
defect Contractor shall promptly, without cost to Owner and in accordance with Owner’s
written instructions:
1. correct the defective repairs to the Site or such adjacent areas;
2. correct such defective Work;
3. remove the defective Work from the Project and replace it with Work that is not
defective, if the defective Work has been rejected by Owner, and
4. satisfactorily correct or repair or remove and replace any damage to other Work, to the
work of others, or to other land or areas resulting from the corrective measures.
B. Owner shall give any such notice of defect within 60 days of the discovery that such Work or
repairs is defective. If such notice is given within such 60 days but after the end of the
correction period, the notice will be deemed a notice of defective Work under
Paragraph 7.17.B.
C. If, after receipt of a notice of defect within 60 days and within the correction period,
Contractor does not promptly comply with the terms of Owner’s written instructions, or in
an emergency where delay would cause serious risk of loss or damage, Owner may have the
defective Work corrected or repaired or may have the rejected Work removed and replaced.
Contractor shall pay all costs, losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and
charges of engineers, architects, attorneys, and other professionals and all court or
arbitration or other dispute resolution costs) arising out of or relating to such correction or
repair or such removal and replacement (including but not limited to all costs of repair or
replacement of work of others). Contractor’s failure to pay such costs, losses, and damages
within 10 days of invoice from Owner will be deemed the start of an event giving rise to a
Claim under Paragraph 12.01.B, such that any related Claim must be brought within 30 days
of the failure to pay.
D. In special circumstances where a particular item of equipment is placed in continuous
service before Substantial Completion of all the Work, the correction period for that item
may start to run from an earlier date if so provided in the Specifications.
E. Where defective Work (and damage to other Work resulting therefrom) has been corrected
or removed and replaced under this paragraph, the correction period hereunder with
respect to such Work will be extended for an additional period of one year after such
correction or removal and replacement has been satisfactorily completed.
F. Contractor’s obligations under this paragraph are in addition to all other obligations and
warranties. The provisions of this paragraph are not to be construed as a substitute for, or a
waiver of, the provisions of any applicable statute of limitation or repose.

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ARTICLE 16—SUSPENSION OF WORK AND TERMINATION

16.01 Owner May Suspend Work

A. At any time and without cause, Owner may suspend the Work or any portion thereof for a
period of not more than 90 consecutive days by written notice to Contractor and Engineer.
Such notice will fix the date on which Work will be resumed. Contractor shall resume the
Work on the date so fixed. Contractor shall be entitled to an adjustment in the Contract
Price or an extension of the Contract Times directly attributable to any such suspension. Any
Change Proposal seeking such adjustments must be submitted no later than 30 days after
the date fixed for resumption of Work.
16.02 Owner May Terminate for Cause
A. The occurrence of any one or more of the following events will constitute a default by
Contractor and justify termination for cause:
1. Contractor’s persistent failure to perform the Work in accordance with the Contract
Documents (including, but not limited to, failure to supply sufficient skilled workers or
suitable materials or equipment, or failure to adhere to the Progress Schedule);
2. Failure of Contractor to perform or otherwise to comply with a material term of the
Contract Documents;
3. Contractor’s disregard of Laws or Regulations of any public body having jurisdiction; or
4. Contractor’s repeated disregard of the authority of Owner or Engineer.
B. If one or more of the events identified in Paragraph 16.02.A occurs, then after giving
Contractor (and any surety) 10 days’ written notice that Owner is considering a declaration
that Contractor is in default and termination of the Contract, Owner may proceed to:
1. declare Contractor to be in default, and give Contractor (and any surety) written notice
that the Contract is terminated; and
2. enforce the rights available to Owner under any applicable performance bond.
C. Subject to the terms and operation of any applicable performance bond, if Owner has
terminated the Contract for cause, Owner may exclude Contractor from the Site, take
possession of the Work, incorporate in the Work all materials and equipment stored at the
Site or for which Owner has paid Contractor but which are stored elsewhere, and complete
the Work as Owner may deem expedient.
D. Owner may not proceed with termination of the Contract under Paragraph 16.02.B if
Contractor within 7 days of receipt of notice of intent to terminate begins to correct its
failure to perform and proceeds diligently to cure such failure.
E. If Owner proceeds as provided in Paragraph 16.02.B, Contractor shall not be entitled to
receive any further payment until the Work is completed. If the unpaid balance of the
Contract Price exceeds the cost to complete the Work, including all related claims, costs,
losses, and damages (including but not limited to all fees and charges of engineers,
architects, attorneys, and other professionals) sustained by Owner, such excess will be paid
to Contractor. If the cost to complete the Work including such related claims, costs, losses,
and damages exceeds such unpaid balance, Contractor shall pay the difference to Owner.
Such claims, costs, losses, and damages incurred by Owner will be reviewed by Engineer as
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 to their reasonableness and, when so approved by Engineer, incorporated in a Change
Order. When exercising any rights or remedies under this paragraph, Owner shall not be
required to obtain the lowest price for the Work performed.
F. Where Contractor’s services have been so terminated by Owner, the termination will not
affect any rights or remedies of Owner against Contractor then existing or which may
thereafter accrue, or any rights or remedies of Owner against Contractor or any surety
under any payment bond or performance bond. Any retention or payment of money due
Contractor by Owner will not release Contractor from liability.
G. If and to the extent that Contractor has provided a performance bond under the provisions
of Paragraph 6.01.A, the provisions of that bond will govern over any inconsistent provisions
of Paragraphs 16.02.B and 16.02.D.
16.03 Owner May Terminate for Convenience
A. Upon 7 days’ written notice to Contractor and Engineer, Owner may, without cause and
without prejudice to any other right or remedy of Owner, terminate the Contract. In such
case, Contractor shall be paid for (without duplication of any items):
1. completed and acceptable Work executed in accordance with the Contract Documents
prior to the effective date of termination, including fair and reasonable sums for
overhead and profit on such Work;
2. expenses sustained prior to the effective date of termination in performing services and
furnishing labor, materials, or equipment as required by the Contract Documents in
connection with uncompleted Work, plus fair and reasonable sums for overhead and
profit on such expenses; and
3. other reasonable expenses directly attributable to termination, including costs incurred
to prepare a termination for convenience cost proposal.
B. Contractor shall not be paid for any loss of anticipated profits or revenue, post-termination
overhead costs, or other economic loss arising out of or resulting from such termination.
16.04 Contractor May Stop Work or Terminate
A. If, through no act or fault of Contractor, (1) the Work is suspended for more than 90
consecutive days by Owner or under an order of court or other public authority, or (2)
Engineer fails to act on any Application for Payment within 30 days after it is submitted, or
(3) Owner fails for 30 days to pay Contractor any sum finally determined to be due, then
Contractor may, upon 7 days’ written notice to Owner and Engineer, and provided Owner or
Engineer do not remedy such suspension or failure within that time, terminate the contract
and recover from Owner payment on the same terms as provided in Paragraph 16.03.
B. In lieu of terminating the Contract and without prejudice to any other right or remedy, if
Engineer has failed to act on an Application for Payment within 30 days after it is submitted,
or Owner has failed for 30 days to pay Contractor any sum finally determined to be due,
Contractor may, 7 days after written notice to Owner and Engineer, stop the Work until
payment is made of all such amounts due Contractor, including interest thereon. The
provisions of this paragraph are not intended to preclude Contractor from submitting a
Change Proposal for an adjustment in Contract Price or Contract Times or otherwise for
expenses or damage directly attributable to Contractor’s stopping the Work as permitted by
this paragraph.
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ARTICLE 17—FINAL RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES

17.01 Methods and Procedures

A. Disputes Subject to Final Resolution: The following disputed matters are subject to final
resolution under the provisions of this article:
1. A timely appeal of an approval in part and denial in part of a Claim, or of a denial in full,
pursuant to Article 12; and
2. Disputes between Owner and Contractor concerning the Work, or obligations under the
Contract Documents, that arise after final payment has been made.
B. Final Resolution of Disputes: For any dispute subject to resolution under this article, Owner
or Contractor may:
1. elect in writing to invoke the dispute resolution process provided for in the
Supplementary Conditions;
2. agree with the other party to submit the dispute to another dispute resolution process;
or
3. if no dispute resolution process is provided for in the Supplementary Conditions or
mutually agreed to, give written notice to the other party of the intent to submit the
dispute to a court of competent jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 18—MISCELLANEOUS

18.01 Giving Notice

A. Whenever any provision of the Contract requires the giving of written notice to Owner,
Engineer, or Contractor, it will be deemed to have been validly given only if delivered:
1. in person, by a commercial courier service or otherwise, to the recipient’s place of
business;
2. by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, to the recipient’s place of business; or
3. by e-mail to the recipient, with the words “Formal Notice” or similar in the e-mail’s
subject line.
18.02 Computation of Times
A. When any period of time is referred to in the Contract by days, it will be computed to
exclude the first and include the last day of such period. If the last day of any such period
falls on a Saturday or Sunday or on a day made a legal holiday by the law of the applicable
jurisdiction, such day will be omitted from the computation.
18.03 Cumulative Remedies
A. The duties and obligations imposed by these General Conditions and the rights and
remedies available hereunder to the parties hereto are in addition to, and are not to be
construed in any way as a limitation of, any rights and remedies available to any or all of
them which are otherwise imposed or available by Laws or Regulations, by special warranty
or guarantee, or by other provisions of the Contract. The provisions of this paragraph will be

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
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 as effective as if repeated specifically in the Contract Documents in connection with each
particular duty, obligation, right, and remedy to which they apply.
18.04 Limitation of Damages
A. With respect to any and all Change Proposals, Claims, disputes subject to final resolution,
and other matters at issue, neither Owner nor Engineer, nor any of their officers, directors,
members, partners, employees, agents, consultants, or subcontractors, shall be liable to
Contractor for any claims, costs, losses, or damages sustained by Contractor on or in
connection with any other project or anticipated project.
18.05 No Waiver
A. A party’s non-enforcement of any provision will not constitute a waiver of that provision,
nor will it affect the enforceability of that provision or of the remainder of this Contract.
18.06 Survival of Obligations
A. All representations, indemnifications, warranties, and guarantees made in, required by, or
given in accordance with the Contract, as well as all continuing obligations indicated in the
Contract, will survive final payment, completion, and acceptance of the Work or termination
of the Contract or of the services of Contractor.
18.07 Controlling Law
A. This Contract is to be governed by the law of the state in which the Project is located.
18.08 Assignment of Contract
A. Unless expressly agreed to elsewhere in the Contract, no assignment by a party to this
Contract of any rights under or interests in the Contract will be binding on the other party
without the written consent of the party sought to be bound; and, specifically but without
limitation, money that may become due and money that is due may not be assigned without
such consent (except to the extent that the effect of this restriction may be limited by law),
and unless specifically stated to the contrary in any written consent to an assignment, no
assignment will release or discharge the assignor from any duty or responsibility under the
Contract.
18.09 Successors and Assigns
A. Owner and Contractor each binds itself, its successors, assigns, and legal representatives to
the other party hereto, its successors, assigns, and legal representatives in respect to all
covenants, agreements, and obligations contained in the Contract Documents.
18.10 Headings
A. Article and paragraph headings are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute
parts of these General Conditions.

EJCDC® C-700, Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract.

©
Copyright 2018 National Society of Professional Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies,
and American Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.
Page 71 of 71