ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

UNIT 4
Taking a Glimpse of Art History

Introduction

Art shows the beauty of the past as history tells us the story of earlier times.
Learning about prehistoric art is like travelling thousands of years back and giving
us opportunities to learn how art was utilized by our ancestors, how they valued it
and how this depicted their daily lives.
In this module we will journey back to visit the cave paintings of prehistoric people
during the Stone Age. We will appreciate the beautiful ornaments they carved with
their hands using limited hand tools and see how these things were intertwined with
their daily activities. The module will familiarize you with the monumental and
architectural structures erected in Southern England, Egypt, China and other parts
of the world. We will explore the beautiful artworks also found in our own country.
More will be unpacked as you go along this module so pack your curiosity and
inquisitiveness as we travel along. Bring your artistic sense and knowledge of
history. These will all be your travel guides in our journey to appreciate arts thought
the history.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

1. Be familiar the different artworks from the different parts of the world.
2. Differentiate the characteristics of the different artworks from Asia,
Philippines and the Western countries.
3. Show appreciation of the different artworks through different activities.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Topic 1: Prehistoric Art

Time Allotment: 3 hours

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
a. Distinguish salient characteristics of artworks produced by pre-historic
people from different countries;
b. Create a collage capturing the way of life of the pre-historic people; and
c. Demonstrate your appreciation of the different pre-historic artworks
through differentiated activities.

Activating Prior Learning

I. Have a closer look at the artworks. Give their names and indicate where you can
find them. Pick out your answer in the box provided below. Write your answer on
the blanks provided.

Name:_________ Name:____________

Place:_________ Place:____________

Name: Name:____________
__________
Place:____________
Place:
__________

Name:_________ Name:____________

Place:_________ Place:____________

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Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Choose your answers for the activity from the box below.
Artworks Place
Taj Mahal, Manunggul Jar, Hanging Garden , China, India, Philippines, Greece, Italy,
Ziggurat, Pyramid, Colosseum, Sphinx, Great France, Rome, Egypt, Mesopotamia,
Wall Japan, Vietnam

This time, try to assess yourself on how familiar you are to the great artworks.
Check your answers to the above activity. How much score did you get?
Try to assess your performance based on the given scores and their descriptive
value.
22 - Excellent
17-21 - Good
8-16 - Fair
0-7 - Poor

Congratulations! You did a great job.

Presentation of Content
Instruction: Read the text and try to answer the following guide questions. Get
ready for sharing your answers to the class.
1. What artworks are found in the different places in the word?
2. What are the main characteristics of these artworks?
3. Which of these places would you like to visit? Why?

Prehistoric Arts from the Different Parts of the World

The prehistoric period covers the three periods of Stone Age (roughly from 14,000-
2,000 BCE) which include Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone
Age) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age).
Archeological artifacts reveal magnificent artworks found in caves such as the Hall
of Bulls in Lascaux, France during Paleolithic Period. Contours of animal’s body
can be seen in the drawings evoking naturalism. Some say that these kinds of caves
also found in other parts of the world served as a kind of sanctuary where religious
rituals are performed. (Caslib,Jr. 2018).
Development in the civilizations are also seen in the Stonehenge located in
Southern England which until now is a mystery. Its purpose is yet unknown.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Chinese Art. Prehistoric art in China emerged during the period 7500BCE to
2000BCE characterized by a more settled lifestyle based on farming, rearing of
domesticated animals which led them to create crafts such as pottery and weaving.
Though arts for them is functional artists were able to focus on ornamentation and
decoration as well. Jewelry, carvings, sculptures in wood and stone. Other forms
evolved in China which capture the richness of the Chinese culture. (www.visual –
arts-cork.com)

Leftt: Jade Dragon from Zhuo Dynasty

https://www.ancient.eu/article/1088/jade-in-
ancient-china/
Right: A storage jar with refined design
created during Bronze Age (1766-221B.C.)
http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-
asia/ceramics/early-chinese-ceramics-
bronze.cfm.html

Egyptian Art. Egyptian prehistoric art can be described as spiritual and religious.
Tombs were erected for the pharaohs which shelter them as they journey to the
afterlife. They decorated the tombs with the things they use in daily life. Pharaohs
are also given absolute authority and revered as a deity. The pyramids were
constructed by workers who painstakingly moved huge stones and materials
ensuring the excellent quality of the outside and inside of it. The palette of King
Namer is larger than the others and some figures such as lion-like figures with
intertwined necks, denoting authority and power of the king. (Caslib,Jr. 2018)

The Great Sphinx of Giza carved in limestone Narmer Palette depicting King Narmer
conquering his enemies (c.3100 BCE)
during the reign of King Khafre (2558-2532 BCE)
https://www.ancient.eu/The_Great_Sphinx_of_Giza/
https://www.ancient.eu

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Philippine Art. The Philippines is known for its Manunggul jar,

a burial jar, found in Palawan in the New Stone Age dated 895-
775 BC. It represents the artistry and understanding of early
Filipinos about their belief in the journey that a soul travels in
the so called life after death or “kabilang buhay”. The jar’s
lid is designed with two human figures representing two
two souls on a vogaye to the afterlife.
(www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.)

The oldest known works of art form from Philippines

prehistory are the Angono petroglyphs. The Angono
petroglyphs are located on the island of Luzon in Rizal
province. A petroglyph is an engraving in a rock face. It
can be found all over the world and represents the work of
prehistoric peoples. A petroglyph is different form a petrograph.
Petrographs are drawing or painting on a rock face. Some petroglyphs are thought
to be a form of communication. They may be maps or even an early form of writing.
Petroglyphs may also have an important cultural and religious significance to early
cultures. (http:www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-petroglyphs-prehistoric-philippine-art)

Left: Petroglyphs can be found in the different parts of a rock shelter in Angono,
Rizal (http:www.alearningfamily.com/main/angono-petroglyphs-prehistoric-philippine-art)
Right: A total of one hundred twenty seven human figures are engraved in the stone
walls of the rock shelter
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/Petroglyphs.html

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Greek Art. Prehistoric Greek paintings bear motif of sea and nature during the pre-
Greek period. In the next period Egyptian influence can be seen. Human characters
are expression of divine system.
Prehistoric sculptures
were figures of nude
male statues in
Daedalic Period. In
Classical age came
sculptures of gods and
goddesses. The
human body became
the emphasis of art
during this period.
Moving to later Greek
The Parthenon, 447-432 BC, Athens period showed figures of
human with minimal
clothing. In architecture, Ancient Greek temples consist of three architectural
orders called the Corinthian, Ionic and Doric Orders (Ariola, M.M., 2014).
The Parthenon ranks among the masterpieces of world architecture. It has
monumental entrances or propylae. It is best represented by the famous gateway to
the Athenian acropolis. The magnificent temple was dedicated to the deity Athena
constructed to show the greatness of the Greeks who defeated Persian Armies of
Darius and Xerxes.
Roman Art. Greek and Etruscan
influences were evident in Roman
art. The Roman’s important
contribution to the development of
architecture are: its structural
engineering particularly in
developing concrete reinforced by
embedded brick arches and powerful
materials for creating new vaults.
These were the flexible groined vault
and the dome, and the (2)
engineering design in planning cities
in orderly blocks and in creating the
balanced layout of the great civic
centers called forums. (The The Colosseum
http://www.colosseum.net/listingview.php?listingID=1
Development of Western Thought,
Reading in Art…Vol. I 1976, pp.93-
94)

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Application

I. Identify at least two major artworks contributed by each of the countries.

Countries Artworks How does the artwork describe the
culture of the country?
Philippines

China

Greece

Rome

Egypt

II. Read and analyze the given statements, then identify whether it is true or false.
Give explanation to support your answer.
Statement Answer Short Explanation
1. In pre-historic times,
artworks reflected the
beliefs of humans about
life and fertility.
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Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

2. Asian art is essentially

religious in nature.

3. The impact of contacts

with peoples of mainland
Asia and the middle East
resulted in new ideas in
art among the Filipinos.

4. Different places in the

world were known to
their famous art creations
such that China is noted
for its pottery, while
India is famous for its Taj
Mahal and Pantheon is to
Greek; Parthenon is to
Rome.

5. The art works found in

burial sites reveal the
traditional practice
“pabaon” among people
on Southeast Asia.

II. Group Activity. Form a group with five members. Create a collage capturing the
salient characteristics of the artworks of one country that the group will select. Paste
your collage in a short bond paper. Post your works on the board or space provided
in the classroom for others to see and give feedback. Outputs will be graded using
the given rubrics below.

5 points 3 points 1 point

Creativity Very creative Creative but lacking Minimal qualities of
some component creativity is observed
Content/ Shared much Content is enough to Content is limited and the
Message information and the convey message message is quite vague
message is very clear
Originality Qualities of work Some techniques or Techniques used in
stand out from the content can be seen from presentation and content
rest other works are similar to others
Resource- Used materials and Materials and time are Materials and time are
fulness time in a very spent just right spent poorly
resourceful manner
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

III. Diad. Find a partner from your class and do a survey of artworks in your
surroundings by list down some of the prehistoric artworks that are still be existing
in your community. If none, what are these artworks which are somewhat similar
to the prehistoric artworks? Write your answers in a paper.

Prehistoric Artworks Similar artworks Qualities that are similar

existing today to both artworks

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Feedback
Name: _________________________ Section: ____________ Score: __________
I. Read and identify what is being asked in the given statement.

____________1. It is known as period of prehistoric human culture, during which

work was done with stone tools.
____________2. It is considered as the oldest form of art in China.
____________3. It is the art of writing beautifully, generally in freehand, with
pen or brush on paper or any similar material.
____________4. It is the most simple abstraction of the serpent and this is the
most commonly used figure in Maranaw art.
____________5. This period shows that development of glass technology and art
of weaving in the Philippines as the Filipinos strove for better
control over their environment.
____________6. This combines the body of a lion with the head of the Pharoah
Khafre and the largest surviving colossus and a majestic
symbol of royal power.
____________7. It is an impressionistic structure, rectangular and with elaborately
enclosed engineered interior.
____________8. It was called the largest amphitheater in the Roman world.
____________9. It is the tallest and most slender of the three architectural orders;
it has a capital featuring curling acanthus leaves, and base.
____________10. This early form of art communicate something about life
during the New Stone Age. It is thought to be a form of
communication.
II. Write a one-liner statement about the prehistoric arts of the different countries
in the world. You may include those that you learned from what you have
researched aside from those included in the discussions.

Country One-liner Statement

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Topic 2: Appreciating the Philippine Indigenous Art

Time Allotment: 3 hours

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this topic, you will be able to:
1. Be familiarized with the different indigenous art forms, materials
and sources from in the country;
2. Create written outputs highlighting the characteristics and uses of
the indigenous artworks from the locality; and
3. Show appreciation of the indigenous art of the Filipinos by creating
artworks using the designs or motifs of the Filipino indigenous art.

Activating Prior Learning

Write a one-liner statement about various indigenous arts that can be
found in your locality or province. Statement can be about basketry, wood carving,
jewelry making, pottery, weaving, mat-making and others. Write as much
statement as you can in three minutes. Share your ideas to the class.

Presentation of Content
Read the passage and try to answer the following questions for the discussion.
1. What are the indigenous arts that are still practiced in your locality today?
2. What are the uses of these indigenous arts for the community today?

Philippine Indigenous Art, Uncovered

As Filipinos, how well do we know about our indigenous art? Do we still see traces
of our indigenous designs and motifs in our contemporary arts?
The Philippine’s unique topography and diverse cultural environment with the
distribution of mixed and indigenous groups resulted to cultural heterogeneity. The
climate (wet or dry), location (sitio, barrio, or poblacion, cities), topography
(mountains, plains, riverbanks, coast) religion of various beliefs and sects, and
membership to cultural groups from all over the country, all of these have
influences in the material culture that are produced including art. Philippine
material culture is consist of wide array of utilitarian and ceremonial objects (Dela
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Cruz, M.J. (1988). Many forms combine aesthetic concerns with utilitarian
purposes (Baesa-Pagay, et.al.,2003) including pottery, basketry, mat-making,
jewelry, metal works, textile weaving and carving. These are the indigenous art of
the Filipinos which are surviving up to this time.
Indigenous art are created by the people in the community which often uses
materials found in the locality. These are art forms are still created in the
community and has survived as industries for the locals.
In the succeeding part of this module, let us rediscover the Philippine indigenous
arts that are still surviving today and try to see where these can fit in our daily lives
as Filipinos living in the contemporary world.

Pottery
Pottery is one of the oldest arts which combine design and function (Guillermo, A.
1989). The Manunggul Jar, a burial jar, excavated in Palawan is an artwork having
its design of two men rowing a boat expressing the beliefs of Filipinos that spirits
of the dead travel to the afterlife also expressed in the Filipino expression
“sumakabilang buhay”. More of these burial jars were also excavated in Cagayan
Valley and other parts of the country.
Clay pots for Filipinos have many uses in the home and in other daily activities.
Clay pots and jars in different shapes and sizes are used for food preparation and
storage while plates and bowls are used for serving food.

Samples of pots crafted by Filipinos

https://www.slideshare.net/danshiernans/art-of-luzon-
highlands?next_slideshow=1

The Manunggul Jar

www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Basketry and Mat-making

Basketry is known to be older that pottery tradition but because it is highly
perishable most of artifacts cannot be found in museum displays. With the
abundance of materials such as bamboo,
rattan, pandanus, nito and other
materials in the country this is done in
almost all parts of the country. Mats are
used to sleep on or to wrap the deads.
While baskets of different shapes and
sizes are used for activities in the
household and in the economic
activities of the Filipinos. This artform
has survived even today and designs,
colors and uses vary from one place to
another.

Left: Pasiking is a woven knapsack made

through weaving
https://www.slideshare.net/danshiernans/art-
of-luzonhighlands?next_slideshow=1

Mat weaving is has been a

source of income for
Filipino women. Woven
mats are used to create other
products such as purse,
bags, and decors. The finest
products of our weavers are
exported around the world
introduced by our Filipino
artists abroad. Today,
weaving as an indigenous
art continues to flourish and
create its mark not only in
the country but in the Mats of different designs are used to create other
international market as products for export.
well. https://wovenph.com/pages/about-us

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Carving
The carving tradition in wood and metal has existed a long time ago when our
ancestors learned to use small hand tools to engrave and carve details in wood and
metal. The earliest pieces of
materials with carvings are
found in on the boat-shaped
coffins in Palawan. Later,
carvings were found in
gold, wood, and ivory in the
highlands and lowlands of
Luzon and Mindanao. Even
boats used by our ancestors
were decorated with
intricate carvings.
Carvings has utilitarian,
ornamental and even A sample of a wood-carved retablo placed in church altars
ritualistic functions in the https://i0.wp.com/wanderingbakya.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/10/retablo.
Philippine society. The jpg
carvers of Paete, Laguna carried on this long tradition of wood carving in the
country and they are known for their masterpieces which include religious icons
and others. This tradition exists today and displays the skills and love for work and
diligence of our Filipino carvers.

Left: Lepa boat of Badjau is a houseboat for traveling where

Intricate carved design called okil adds beauty to it.
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/B
oat.html
Right: Religious icons are carved in Paete, Laguna
showcasing the expertise of their artists and artisans
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1111371/wood-carving-art-alive-in-paete

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Weaving
Textile weaving is one of the
indigenous art that Filipinos have
grown up with. Different indigenous
group all over the country produce
their piece of textile embellished with
intricate geometric design, symbols
and color. Tapis, malong, abel are
some pieces of textile which shows
that this indigenous art is still
surviving. Colorful, vibrant and
varied designs show how refined and
Weavers showcase their skills as they weave intricate design in
skilled the Filipinos are. Geometric textile Source: https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/weaving-the-
designs are commonly used by threads-of-filipino-heritage
indigenous groups in weaving textile.

Left: Ifugao cotton blanket called kinuttiyan woven by women

Center: BAgobo trouser called sawal weaved from abaca cloth
Right: Tausug’s head covering called pis siyabit is woven with
geometric pattern
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/

Jewelry
Jewelry is example of an indigenous art made only for adornment. In the Filipino
culture it also reveals the status of the wearer in the community. In Mindanao, the
datu and his family wear various jewelry with intricate design made of beads and
even precious metals that symbolizes their high stature in the community. Even
warriors and women members of the community create their own jewelries for
adornment which actually symbolizes their activities and accomplishments in the
community. Hunters and warriors may use beads, animal bones, wood and metal
for making their jewelries.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Natives wear their jewelries during tribal

A young member of indigenous group wears
gatherings
jewelries made of beads in contrasting colors
Source:https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippi
Source:http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.co
nes/articles/a-guide-to-the-indigenous-tribes-
m/people/ethnic-groups-in-the-
of-the-philippines/
philippines/bagobo/

Application

I. Did You Know?

Let us have a glimpse of what other knowledge can we learn about
Philippine indigenous art through this short activity. Have you known the following
facts about the various indigenous art in the Philippines? Put a check (/) on the
items that you already know and a cross (x) on the items that you don’t know yet.
Did you know that…
_____1. pottery is one of the oldest form of arts that indigenous people have in
the country.
_____2. the art of carving known as ukkil by the Tausug, okir by the Maranao and
ukil by the Badjao can be found in their weapons and other belongings.
_____3. pottery has two uses: for the household and for funeral.
_____4. there are group of people like the Tausug who do not use human
representation in their artforms but show geometric patterns and vivid
color.
_____5. Sarimanok is one of the art symbol that Filipinos in South produce that
shows the uniqueness of their culture.
_____6. abel, malong and tapis and are some pieces of textile which shows that
this indigenous art is still surviving
_____7. the Cordillera’s bul’ul is a product of their carving skills that is used in
rituals and symbolizes their beliefs.
_____8. various Filipino indigenous art forms has basically two functions, can be
funerary and for the household.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

_____9. indigenous backpacks are made of indigenous materials such as the

pasiking of the Ilocanos and bango of the Ifugaos.
_____10. wood and metal carving can be found in weapons, jars for burial, and
other materials used in the household.

Try to assess your knowledge. Based on your score, check the level of your
knowledge using the following scoring guide.

SCORE DESCRIPTION
9-10 You have a wide knowledge about the topic. You can still add
more to what you already know
7-8 You are moderately knowledgeable about the topic, you can
still learn more.
5-6 You have knowledge about the topic but a lot of learning may
increase your knowledge.
Below 5 It seems that you have very little knowledge on the topic but
you’ll enjoy learning more as we go along.

II. Let’s Play Art Bingo.

Fill in the Bingo Card with the motifs or designs that you can find from the
materials or artworks of different indigenous groups. You can find these designs in
their textile, jewelries, engraved in metals or carved on materials made of wood.
You may research from the internet. Write the name of indigenous group below the
drawing.

LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO

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Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Good job! Check on your score using the following point system.
20 points – if 9 boxes are filled up correctly 10 points – if 4 boxes are filled up correctly
18 points – if 8 boxes are filled up correctly 8 points – if 3 boxes are filled up correctly
16 points – if 7 boxes are filled up correctly 6 points – if 2 boxes are filled up correctly
14 points – if 6 boxes are filled up correctly 4 points – if 1 box is filled up correctly
12 points – if 5 boxes are filled up correctly

III. Indigenous Art Appreciation

Choose one of the following samples of indigenous art and try to analyze the
artwork by answering the following questions. Write your answers in a paper and
be ready to share your ideas to the class.
Questions for Analysis
1. Based on the design that you see from the artwork, what story does it tell about the
indigenous group it represents?
2. What do you like about the artwork? Why?
3. What characteristics of the artwork describe the indigenous group who created it?

Manunggul Jar excavated in Palawan

Source: ncca.gov.ph.

Bul’ ul from the Cordilleras Cagayan de Oro textile displayed in an exhibit

Source: ncca.gov.ph. Source: ncca.gov.ph.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Feedback
I. Debate (Fish Bowl)
The class will be divided into two big groups according to their opinion regarding
the issue “Which should we promote today, our indigenous art or contemporary art
which are heavily influenced by Western design?”
Those who choose indigenous art shall stay on one side of the room and the other
group who chose contemporary art stay on the other side. Each of the team shall
choose four speakers for every group. They will compose the discussion group and
will be seated in front. They will be given time to have a conversation to share their
opinions regarding the topic. Each one shall be given opportunity to talk and give
reasons for their opinion.
The rest of the students will have to listen to the group’s discussion. After all the
participants in the fish bowl have raised their opinions, the listeners will be given
their turn to give their opinion or ideas on what they have heard from the discussion.
They could agree, disagree or add information to what was being discussed. This
way the discussion is enriched and every member of the class is given a chance to
talk.

II. Post Test

Name: ________________________ Section: __________ Score: ___________

Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer to the following questions.
____1. Bul’ul is a carved figure from the __________ that symbolizes the ancient
Gods looking after the bountiful harvest.
A. Cordilleras C. Visayas peninsula
B. Cagayan mountains D. Mindanao
_____2. Using materials from the earth such as sticky clays _________ as an
indigenous art is known in the entire Philippines with their unique designs
and numerous uses.
A. carving B. pottery C. painting D. weaving
_____3. Which of the following art forms do not include products of weaving?
A. abel from Ilocos C. barong made of pinya fabric
B. tapis of Visayas D. okir of the Maranaos
_____4. The people of Quezon are very skilled in making hats, fans, and mats
which are products of basketry and mat-making also popular in other parts
of the country. Which of the following are indigenous materials
commonly used for this art?
A. bamboo and rattan C. twigs and vines
B. buri and pandan D. plastic strips and textile
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

_____5. The Manunggul jar excavated in __________ tells us the belief of

Filipinos that spirits of the travel from the world of mortals to the world
of spirits or what we usually say “sa kabilang buhay”.
A. Cagayan B. Mindoro C. Palawan D. Sulu
_____6. Kalis or kris is a _________ from Mindanao which is a product of
skilled metal carving bearing intricate design.
A. eating utensil B. weapon C. vessel D. boat
_____7. Paete in ________ is one of the many places in the Philippines where
wood carving tradition has flourished throughout the years and is the seat
of carving capital in the country.
A. Batangas B. Bicol C. Laguna D. Mindoro
_____8. What are the most common design that are embellished in the
indigenous textile in the country weaved by Filipinos?
A. human figure C. geometric design
B. animal figures D. fancy designs
_____9. Indigenous people use ___________ usually made of beads and metals
not just for adornment which also reveals the status of the wearer.
A. clothing B. jewelry C. tapis D. weapons
_____10. One of the oldest form of arts of the indigenous Filipino people is
____________which are used for household and some types for burial.
A. basketry B. pottery C. weaving D. wood carving

III. Appreciation
Create a pattern or design inspired by our indigenous arts that can be used
as decorative of any material such as Shirt design, textile, ID lace, furniture or
others. Sketch the product bearing the design. Write a short description of the
inspiration of the design.
Rubrics
Use of indigenous design – 5 points
Artistry and creativity – 5 points
Color and texture – 5 points
Innovativeness – 5 points
Overall appeal – 5 points
25 points

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Topic 3: Western Art Influence to the Philippine Art

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you will be able to:
a. Identify the characteristics and various influences of western art to
the Philippine arts;
b. Compare the styles, design, and other features of the characteristics
of arts evolved in the different periods; and
c. Analyze the western and indigenous influences to the Philippine
architecture.

Activating Prior Learning

Form groups of five. Within two minutes list down two examples of art pieces,
architecture or other art forms which you believe are influenced by western art.
Prepare a short explanation for the sharing. Each group will be given one minute to
share their answers.

Presentation of Content
Read the passage and try to answer the following questions for the discussion.
1. What are the basic characteristics of Western art which evolved in the in the
different period?
2. What Philippine architecture are influenced by Western art?

Western Art and its Influence to Philippine Architecture

In the latter part of the 19th century, it can be observed that the Philippine art is
westernized with the exposure to European liberal and secular ideas where artistic
creations became highly specialistic, separate from everyday life amd focused on
the assertion of individual ego and driven by commercial success (De Leon Jr., F.
M., 2015). This is brought by the access of Filipinos to western art works and ideas
through education and trade during the Spanish colonization. Through time
Filipinos are exposed to Western art as technological advancement continues and
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

communication technology reduced the boundary between cultures in the global

community. Filipinos could easily have access of various art forms through the
internet and increasing human mobility.
Western art influence could be seen in many art forms in the Philippines. They can
be seen in paintings, sculpture, installations and architecture. It is notable to see the
Western influence in the Philippine architecture especially in the churches and
buildings that were erected where western influence fused with the indigenous
Filipino designs. In the succeeding part of this module discover the intricacies of
Western art in the different time of history and be astonished on how it blended in
Philippine art.
Greek
The Greek art development evolved during the four periods namely: Geometric,
Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic. Artworks in Geometric period used geometric
shapes and patterns while human figures are given importance in the Archaic
Period. The Classical Period marks the peak of Greek sculpture and architecture
when the Greeks had the interest on rebuilding their temples and focused on the
creation of artworks. Hellenistic Period during the time of Alexander the Great
focused on showcasing emotions in the different artworks and depict reality.
Artworks show balance and pose varied emotions evoked by subjects of the
artworks. Greek art shows artistic perfection. The golden age of Greek art emerged
in 5th century shown in paintings on vases. In sculpture, the proportion of figures
shows balance which became the canon for years. Indeed this intricacies of Greek
art made it popular up to this time.
The Greeks significant contribution to architecture are the three famous columns
from the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Orders. Each order has its unique design and
which is popularly used in many architectural buildings until now.

Parts of the Greek columns are shown

Wendy Joy M. Garma
in the illustrations
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
Source: smarthistory.org
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

These characteristics can be seen in the sculpture of showing vividly the figure of
the supreme god in Greek mythology in the Statue of Zeus. The Temple of Zeus is
lifted by massive and intricate columns that mirrors the strength of the Greek god.
In the Philippines, this Greek design is adapted in a mausoleum built in Manila
Memorial Park built with strong pillars and styled with intricacies.

Statue of Zeus
https://www.crystalinks.com/statuezeus Temple of Zeus https://www.crystalinks.com/greekarchitecture.html
olympia.html

Mausoleum owned by Po Family in Manila Memorial Park

Source: newsinfo.inquirer.net

Roman
The Roman art especially in sculpture has influences from the Greek which has
humanistic basis. Roman art though, produced realistic portraits showing the
specific and individual. In architecture, huge domes reflected in the Partheon were
used in Christian churches. The Romans modified Greek columns design and
contributed new design known as Tuscan, Roman Doric and Composite which are
used to build great architecture still known today.
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Source:www.google.com.ph

In the Philippines, the Immaculate Conception Cathedral erected in Cubao, Quezon

City displays the Roman architectural influence displaying Roman designs in the
building and having the detailed design in its interior.

Immaculate Conception Cathedral Cubao, Quezon City

https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/publicaffairs/gma7specials/463230/14-churches-
in-metro-manila-for-your-visita-iglesia/story/

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Christian
Christian Art emerged oriented to represent intangible spirituality and developed
into stylized abstractions which are characteristics of Byzantine Art. Christian
architecture flourished adorned by sculptures in the Romanesque and Gothic eras.
The designs of churches are elaborately decorated and biblical subjects and
theological ideas are represented.

Subjects in paintings (left) retablos and

biblical figures are carved in wood
(right)
Source: nationalmuseum.gov.ph.

Gothic
Gothic architecture style values height, sizable
windows and exaggerated arches. Advanced
engineering allowed for increasingly collosal
buildings with vaults, buttresses and pointed tops.
Gothic revival can be seen today having Gothic
spires and lancet arches in the exterior of
buildings and pointed arches are in place. Long
lancet windows are installed as well as high steel
columns found in Basilica Minore de San
Sebastian.

Basilica e Minore de San Sebastian

Source:https://100percentarchistudent.wordpress.com/2013/01/
05/gothic-revival-in-the-philippines-basilica-minore-de-san-
sebastian/

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Byzantine
Byzantine architecture (4th -15th
century) basically focuses in interior
rather than the exterior. Churches are
characterized by impressive dome
ceiling, are eclectic and irregular and
uses vaults and round arches.
Byzantine masonry uses bricks for the
entire wall. Interior décor uses fresco,
mosaics and engraved marbles on the
walls and ceilings. The best example of
this is the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul,
Turkey.

Above: Decorations in the

interior of Hagia Sophia in
Istanbul, Turkey
Left: The Pantokrator church in
Istanbul, Turkey
Source:https://www.academia.edu/717
2148/Byzantine_Architecture_324-
1453_A

Renaissance
The Renaissance period showed the development of naturalism and individualism
as recognized in the various sculptures produced during that time. There is a strong
interest in perfecting the anatomical interest and correctness of structure. Paintings
bear clear details that affects its viewers. Papal commissions in Rome made way
for the artistry of great artists Michaelangelo, Raphael and Da Vinci.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

UST Main Building – Renaissance Revival by Fr. Roque Ruano

https://www.spot.ph/arts-culture/64909/10-beautiful-historic-buildings-in-manila

Baroque
The Baroque age in the
17th Century opened up to
diverse styles of arts seen
in large-scale mural and
ceiling paintings.
Characterized by subtle,
intimate and revealing
works in painting and
sketches are very evident.
Royal commissions gave
St. Thomas of Villanueva Parich Church in Miagao, Iloilo birth to various artworks
Source: Study.com for the king and queen.
Baroque architecture were characterized by dramatic buildings still holding its
antique forms but were modified.
Sculpture during this time evolved
into dramatic, intense and even has
theatrical characteristics. The
fortified building, bell towers
constructed for protection, unique
style.
Symmetry with plan layout consisted
of Latin cross, austere exteriors,
ornaments concentrate in the interior
San Agustin Church
with moldings, paintings and sculptures, altars and columns is another
Source:thousandwonders.net
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

characteristic of Byzantine architecture. The interior of San Agustin Church shows

detailed design influenced by Byzantine architecture.

Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism is a movement in Europe in late 18th century to early 19th century.
This is a reaction opposed to Baroque Period or Rococo style giving emphasis on
elegance and sophistication which gives importance to symmetry and basic
classical geometrical style. It does not emphasize on sculptural volume and
decorations are minimal. Domes and towers are replaced with flat roofing for
buildings. In the Philippines this style is adapted during the American era in the
construction of government buildings.

The National Museum (left) and

Manila City Hall (below)
ttps://100percentarchistudent.wordpress.com/2013/0
1/27/exploring-neo-classical-architecture-in-manila-
philippines/

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Application

I. I Knew It…
Choose three Western art influences notable to you based on the discussion above.
List down as much information you from the discussion. Enrich what you have
learned by doing a quick search for additional information that may help you
understand more about the characteristics of the different Western art by filling out
the diagram below.

1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ___

_

II. Art Appreciation Activity

Choose one of the pictures from the discussion part. Give your analysis and show
your appreciation of your chosen art form or artwork by answering the following
questions. Present or share your responses to the class.
1. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork that captured your
interest? Explain why?
2. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork do you believe are of
Western influence? Give support to your answer.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

3. What are the characteristics of the art form or artwork do you believe are
inspired by indigenous art or culture? Support your answer.
4. What is your opinion regarding the fusion or blending of the Western and
indigenous art in the chosen art form or artwork?

III. Let’s try this.

Identify what are the western influences particularly Roman and Greek in the
design of the architecture below. Write your description about the architecture
showcasing what is indigenous and the Greek and Roman influences and what you
think are common from the two. Write short answers in the Venn diagram following
the photo below. Share your output to the class.

The Athena building in Cagayan State University

Source: www.csu.edu.ph

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Write your observations in the diagram.

Greek Roman

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Feedback

Name:_________________________Section:_____________ Score: _________

I. Post Test

A. True or False
Instruction: Write if the statement is True or False on the space provided.
_____1. The development of Greek art evolved in three periods which
showcases artistic styles from geometric shape patterns and human
figures.
_____2. It is observed that in the earlier part of the 19th century Philippine art
creations focused mainly on describing the daily life activities of
Filipinos.
_____3. The Romans produced realistic portrayal of individuals which can be
seen in their sculptures.
_____4. The Christian art basically represent spirituality and faith through
elaborate decors of churches using biblical subjects for ornamentation.
_____5. In the Philippines, paintings and churches are adorned with symbolic
figures of saints, cherubs, angels and the Sarimanok which are often
found in the altars.
_____6. Tall windows and columns with the presence of exaggerated arches are
the basic characteristics of Gothic architecture.
_____7. The Byzantine period gives emphasis on the interior of structures which
are somewhat eclectic and irregular.
_____8. The artistry of the great artists Michaelangelo, Raphael and Van Goh
contributed to the creation of great artistic works during the Renaissance.
_____9. Impressive dome ceilings and intricate décor in the interior of churches
or architecture are characteristics of Byzantine architecture.
_____10. The grandeur of the Roman arts is opposed in Neoclassicism which
brought back the use of on basic geometric style and focused on
symmetry.

B. Essay.
Instructions. Choose one of the questions and write two paragraphs for your
response. Give your opinion and support to your answer. (15 points)
Write your essay on the space below the rubrics.
1. What do you perceive as the effect of Western influence to the Philippine
art today?
2. Which period of the Western art history do you find most common in your
locality? What are the examples and where can you find them?
Wendy Joy M. Garma
Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

3. As a Filipino, how are you going to utilize the western influences in the arts
without forgetting to give importance to our indigenous art?

Rubrics for the Essay

5 points 3 points 1 point Write
Scores here
Content Shared Content is enough Content is limited
information more to respond to and is quite vague
than what is question
expected
Supporting Enumerated at Enumerated one Supporting
ideas least two supporting information is
supporting information present but does
information not suffice to
support the answer
Organization Explanation is Some ideas are Ideas are
of ideas made clear and are not well expressed but not
ideas are organized well organized
organized well

TOTAL SCORE

Write your answers in the space below.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

Summary

To appreciate arts it was helpful to understand how arts evolved by learning about
the prehistoric arts of the different countries. Every country has their own character
and beauty to show the present generation through their art. These enriches ones
interest in the arts and value them as part of great human contribution.
In this module we also had a glimpse of the treasury of Filipino indigenous art that
has existed through time. Our indigenous arts have evolved and kept the qualities
of Filipino creativity and mirror our rich culture. Indigenous groups have distinct
cultures which are reflected in their indigenous art. Through time they have
continued to create and improve these indigenous arts to adapt with the growing
needs of the members of the group. On the other hand, we recognize the Western
influences to the arts and also appreciate how these blend well with what is
indigenous.
Learning and appreciating art surely remind us of who we were, who we are today
and will lead us to where can these treasures will mark the Philippine art in the
contemporary world and in the global community.

Reflection

Post It…
Go around your community and write a short article about the one form of
indigenous art that you can still find and are created by the people of the
community. Take a photos of the artwork and if possible, the artist or artisan who
created it. Include caption for the photos. The article should describe, promote and
encourage people to patronize the indigenous art. Post the article in your Facebook
Account or create a class Facebook Page where everyone in the class could post
their outputs in the Art Appreciation class.

Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

References
Ariola, Mariano M. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Baesa-Pagay, Jenalyn S. et al. (2003). The Aesthetic Experience:An
Introduction to Humanities. Makati City: Grandwater Publications.
Dela Cruz, Mercedita J. (1982). Sourcebook of Philippine Traditional Arts
Motifs and Crafts Processes. UNESCO.
Tabotabo, Claudio V., Ronald M. Corpuz, & RyanF. Hidalgo. ( ) Introduction
to the Humanities and the basics of Art Appreciation. Intramuros, Manila:
Purely Books Trading & Publishing Corp.
Caslib Jr., Bernardo N. et al. (2018) Art Appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Baldwin, Roger and Roskill, Mark. (1997). Grolier Encyclopedia.

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Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus
ART APPRECIATION ART HISTORY

sAR6BAgAEAE&biw=781&bih=372#imgdii=9KxDuJSrPzcdiM:&imgrc=i
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churches-in-metro-manila-for-your-visita-iglesia/story/ (Retrieved 2019,
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Wendy Joy M. Garma

Cagayan State University – Gonzaga Campus