Tenses merupakan suatu bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa

ataupun kejadian.

Verbal Sentence: S / V1 / O

Nominal Sentence: S / to be / A. N. A (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

1. Simple Present (Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada hari ini)

Pattern:
(+) I, you, we, they / V1 / O
She, he, it, name/ V1 (-s,es, ies) / O

(-) I, you, we, they / Aux (Do) / Not/ V1 / O

She, he, it, name / Aux (Does) / Not/ V1 / O

(?) (Aux) Do /I, you, we, they / V1 / O

(Aux) Does /She, he, it, name/ V1 / O

e.g : I speak English. (+)

I don’t speak English. (-)
Do I speak English? (?) = Apakah aku berbahasa Inggris?

She speaks English. (+)

She doesn’t speak English. (-)
Does she speak English? (?)

Time signal:
Always, usually, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, etc
Every day, Every week, every month, every year

Dia (pr) menyirami bunga- bunga setiap hari

+ She waters flowers every day.
- She doesn’t water flowers every day.
? Does she water flowers every day?

Beberapa guru selalu mengajar murid-murid setiap pagi

+ Some teachers always teach students every morning.

- Some teachers do not always teach students every morning.
? Do some teachers always teach students every morning ?

Mr Rafli membaca buku setiap minggu.

+ Mr Rafli reads book every week.
- Mr Rafli doesn’t read book every week
? Does mr Rafli read book ever week?

Mereka selalu pergi ke sekolah.

+ They always go to school.
- They don’t always go to school.
? Do they always go to school.

Nominal Sentence

(+) I / am / A.N. A
You, we, they, / are / A.N.A
She, he, it / is / A.N.A

(-) I / am /not/ A.N.A

You, we, they, / are / not /A.N.A
She, he, it / is / not /A.N.A

(?) Am / I / A. N. A?
Are / you, we, they / A. N. A?
Is / She, he, it / A. N.A ?

e.g :

1. Kita berada disini

+ We are here.
- We are not here.
? Are we here?

2. Veronika adalah seorang dokter.

+ Veronika is a doctor
- She is not a doctor
? Is she a doctor?

1. Ibu mu berada di tempat kerjanya setiap hari

+ Your mother is in her office every day.
- Your mother is not in her office every day.
? Is your mother in her office every day?
2. 2 kucing lucu itu berada di atas lemari

+ Those two cute cats are on the cupboard.

- Those two cute cats are not on the cupboard
? Are those two cute cats on the cupboard?

3. Pertanyaan- pertanyaan ini sulit

+ These questions are difficult.
- These questions are not difficult.
? Are these questions difficult?

4. Rudi adalah seorang pemburu yang hebat

+ Rudi is a great hunter.
- Rudi is not a great hunter.
? Is Rudi a great hunter?

5. Seorang wanita selalu berada di dalam kamar nya setiap hari

+ A women is always in her room every day.
- A women is not always in her room every day.
? Is a women always in her room every day?
 2. Present Continuous Tense
= Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung hari ini

Pattern:

+ S / Is, am, are / Ving / O

- S / Is, am, are / not / Ving / O
? Is, am, are / S / Ving / O

I am speaking English.
I am not Speaking English.
Am I speaking English?

We are speaking English.

We are not speaking English.
Are we speaking English

My student is speaking English.

My student is not speaking English.
Is my student speaking English?

Example:

Kamu sedang melukis sebuah rumah sekarang.

You are painting a house now.

You are not painting a house now.
Are you painting a house now?

Dia (lk) masih sedang mengerjakan PR

He is still speaking English.
He is not still speaking English.
Is he still speaking English?

Time signal: Now, still, at the moment, Right Now, at the Present.

1. Tasya sedang membuat sebuah jus untuk tamunya

+ Tasya is making juice for her guest.

- Tasya is not making juice for her guest.
? Is Tasya making juice for her guest?

2. Para anggota pramuka sedang mendaki gunung sekarang.

+ The members of scout are hiking the mountain now.
- The members of scout are not hiking the mountain now.
? Are the members of scout hiking the mountain now?

3. Seorang pengemudi sedang mengemudi busnya dengan hati-hati.

+ A driver is driving his bus carefully.
- A driver is not driving his bus carefully.
? Is a driver driving his bus carefully?
4. Kakak laki laki mu sedang memperbaiki motornya di garasi.
+ Your older brother is repairing his motorcycle in the garage
- Your older brother is not repairing his motorcycle in the garage.
? Is your older brother repairing his motorcycle in the garage

5. Para pekerja sedang membersihkan candi itu dari abu vulkanik.

+ The workers are cleaning the temple from volcanic ash.
- The workers are not cleaning the temple from volcanic ash
? Are the workers cleaning the temple from volcanic ash?

3. Present Perfect
= Kegiatan yang sudah kita lakukan hari ini

(+) I, you, we they / have / V3 / O

She, he, it / has / V3 / O
(-) I, you,we they / have /not / V3 / O
She, he, it / has / not/ V3 / O

(?) Have I, you,we they / V3 / O

Has /She, he, it / V3 / O

Example:
(+) They have spoken English.
(-) They have not spoken English.
(?) Have they spoken English?

(+) She has bought a new car.

(-) She has not bought a new car.
(?) Has she bought a new car?

Buy – Bought – bought

Eat- ate- eaten
Drive- Drove – Driven

Dia (pr) sudah menonton film itu di bioskop

+ She has watched the movie in the cinema.
- She has not watched the movie in the cinema.
? Has she watced the movie in the cinema?

1. Para murid-murid sudah mengumpulkan tugas-tugas mereka

+ The students have collected their assigments.
- The students have not collected their assigments.
? Have the students collected their assigments.

2. Jian sudah memberitahu kita beberapa informasi di tempat kerjanya.

+ Jian has told us some informations in her work place.
 - Jian has not told us some informations in her work place.
? Has Jian told us some informations in her work place?

Nominal Sentence in Present Perfect Tense

+ S / have or has / been / A.N. A

- S / have or has / not / been / A. N. A
? Have or has / S / been / A. N .A

+ I have been here

- I have not been here
? Have I been here?

+ Ana has been a nurse

- Ana has not been a nurse
? Has Ana been a nurse?

Anita sudah berada di ruangannya sejak tadi pagi

Anita has been in her room since this morning.
Anita has not been in her room since this morning.
Has Anita been in herr room this morning?

Verbal: S/ have or has / v3 / o

Nominal: S / have or not / been / A.N.A

1. Mereka belum menanyakan banyak pertanyaan

2. Apakah kamu sudah mandi?
3. Anak kecil itu belum membersihkan kamarnya sejak tadi pagi
4. Kamu sudah minum 2 gelas air sejak 2 jam yang lalu.
5. Para petani belum berada di sawah.
6. Mereka sudah membangun universitas yang besar ini.
7. Dia (lk) sudah absen sejak bulan lalu
8. Kita sudah menunggu mereka selama 2 jam
9. Kamu sudah menyelesaikan tugas tugasmu dengan baik
10. Anak- anak sudah sarapan sejak tadi pagi.

Answer:

1. They have not asked many questions.

2. Have you taken a bath?
3. That child has not cleaned her room since this morning
4. You have drunk 2 glasses of water since 2 hours a go.
5. The farmers have not been in ricefield.
6. They have built this big university.
7. He has been absent since last month.
8. We have waited them for 2 hours a go.
 9. You have finished your assignments well.
10. The children have had breakfast since this morning.

On: Diatas tapi menempel

Above : Diatas tapi tidak menempel
Below: Dibawah tidak menempel
Under: Dibawah

4.Present Perfect Continuous

Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dimulai waktu lampau dan berlanjut sampai
sekarang.

+ S / have or has / been / Ving / O

- S / haven’t or hasn’t / been / Ving / O
? Have or Has / S / been / Ving / O

+ We have been speaking English for a week.

- We haven’t been speaking English for a week.
? Have we been speaking English for a week?

She has been watching Tv since this morning

She hasn’t watching Tv since this morning.
Has she watching Tv since this morning?

5.Simple Past
= Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi di masa lampau

Time Signal : yesterday ( kemarin), Last…. , …… a go

Pattern Verbal Sentence :
+ S / V2 /O
- S / didn’t / V1 / O
? Did / S / V1 / O

Kamu membeli sebuah mobil minggu lalu.

+ You bought a car last week.
- You didn’t buy a car last week.
? Did you buy a car last week?

Nominal Sentence in Simple Past Tense

+ I,she,he, it / was / A.NA

You,we, they / were / A.N. A

- I,she,he, it / wasn’t / A.NA

 You,we, they / weren’t / A.N. A

? Was / I,she,he, it / A.NA

Were / you,we, they/ A.N. A

e.g:

I was here last month

I wasn’t here last month
Was I here last month?

1. Apakah kamu pergi ke ke bank kemarin?

2. Kami tidak menyelesaikan pr kami semalam.
3. Mereka meletakkan buku-buku mereka diatas meja 2 hari yang lalu
4. Dia (pr) mendapatkan sebuah pekerjaan yang baru bulan lalu.
5. Mira menulis beberapa novel 2 tahun yang lalu.

1. Did you go to the bank yesterday?

2. We didn’t finish our homework lastnight.
3. They put the books on the table 2 days a go.
4. She got new a job last month.
5. Mira wrote some novels 2 years a go.

1. Kucing mu berada di rumahku kemarin

2. Dia adalah teman sekelasku 2 bulan yang lalu.

1. Your cat was at my house yesterday.

2. He was my classmate 2 months a go.

6. Past Continuous

Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau atau ketika peristiwa lain
terjadi:

(+) I , she , he, it / was / V ing / O

You, we , they , / were / V ing / O
(-) I , she , he, it / wasn’t / V ing / O
You, we , they , / weren’t / V ing / O
(?) Was / I, she, he, it / V ing / O
Were/ You, we, they / V ing/ O
Kita sedang menonton Tv jam 9 tadi malam.

+ We were watching Tv at 9 o’clock last night.

- We weren’t watching Tv at 9 o’clock last night.
? Were we watching Tv at 9 o’clock?

Ibuku sedang memasak makanan ketika pamanku datang kemarin.

+ My mother was cooking the food when my uncle came yesterday.
- My mother wasn’t cooking the food when my uncle came yesterday.
? Was my mother cooking the food when my uncle came yesterday.

7.Past Perfect
Verbal:
(+) S/ had / V3 / O
(-) S / hadn’t / V3 / O
(?) Had / S / V3 / O

Kami telah belajar simple present sebelum kami belajar simple past.
We had studied simple present before we studied simple past.

Dia pr telah sarapan sebelum aku berangkat ke sekolah kemarin.

She had had breakfast before I went to the school yesterday.
She hadn’t had breakfast before I went to the school yesterday.

Nominal:
(+) S/ had / been/ A. N .A
(-) S / hadn’t / been / A. N .A
(?) Had / S / been / A. N .A

Mereka sangat Lelah setelah perjalanan Panjang

They had been so tired after the long trip.
The hadn’t been so tired after the long trip.
Had they so tired after the long trip?

8. Past Perfect Continuous

(+) S/ had / been/ Ving / O

(-) S / hadn’t / been /Ving / O
(?) Had / S / been / Ving / O

Saya telah tinggal disini selama 12 tahun ketika saya memulai untuk melanjutkan
pembelajaran saya di SMA
+ I had been living here for 12 years when I started to continue my study at Senior High School.
- I hadn’t been living here for 12 years when I started to continue my study at Senior High
School.
? Had I been living here for 12 years when I started to continue my study at Senior High School.

9. Simple Future
Menjelaskan kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang,

Verbal:

(+) S/ will / V1 / O
(-) S /won’t / V1 / O
(?) Will / S / V1 / O

Dia pr akan melanjutkan pembelajarannya di New York tahun depan.

+ She will continue her study in New York next year.
- She won’t continue her study in New York next year.
? Will she continue her study in New York?

Kamu akan membeli sebuah rumah yang mewah 10 tahun yang akan datang
You will buy a luxurious house 10 years later.
You won’t buy a luxurious house 10 years later.
Will you buy a luxurious house 10 years later?

Fahmi akan memberimu sebuah coklat minggu depan.

Fahmi will give you a chocolate next week.
Fahmi won’t give you a chocolate next week.
Will fahmi give you a chocolate next week?

Nominal:

(+) S/ will / be / A.N. A

(-) S /won’t /be / A.N. A

(?) Will / S /be / A.N. A

Kita akan menjadi orang orang yang sukses 10 tahun yang akan datang
+ We will be the success people 10 years later.
- We won’t be the success people 10 years later.
? Will we be the success people 10 years later?

Bob akan membersihkan kamar tidurnya besok pagi

Bob will clean his bedroom tomorrow morning.
Bob won’t clean his bedroom tomorrow morning.
Will bo clean his bed room tomorrow morning?
Saya akan berada di rumah mu besok.
+ I will be in your house tomorrow.
- I will not be in your house tomorrow.
? Will I be in your house tomorrow.

Saya akan bertemu Grace jam 9 minggu depan.

+ I will meet Grace at 9 next week.
- I won’t meet Grace at 9 next week.
? Will I meet Grace at 9 next week?

Mereka akan menjawab semua pertanyaan saya.

+ They will answer all my questions
- They won’t answer all my questions
? Will they answer all my questions