INTRODUCTION

LibreOffice Calc
LibreOffice Calc is an electronic spreadsheet program. It is the
spreadsheet component of LibreOffice suite, which is one of the most
widely used application software for data analysis. LibreOffice Cale
allows to store data in the form of rows and columns. Both number or
text type of data values can be used in the worksheet on which you
can perform different type of operations using built in functions or
with the help of user defined formulas.

Features of Spreadsheet
An electronic worksheet provides various advantageous features over
the manually created worksheet like:
Large amount of numeric or non-numeric data can be stored, modified
and manipulated easily in these spreadsheets.
It acts as an automatic calculator based on the added formulas which
performs calculations on the stored numeric data very quickly and
accurately.
Various data formatting features allow the data to be represented in
the desired manner without changing its value.
Common operations like copying, moving or deleting the data can
easily be performed using the concept of ranges.
Features like AutoComplete and AutoCorrect make the data entry
easy and error free.
The process of what-if analysis helps in taking complex decisions.
Number data can quickly and easily be converted into digital charts
for easy data analysis.
Built-in functions can be used for performing complex calculations
and data analyses.
Data can be imported from and exported to the other applications.
These are just the few among numerous features which add on to the
popularity of electronic worksheet.

Components of Calc Interface

Before we start using Calc, let us first discuss the components of Cale
intertace, Which we will be using to store and process data in the
electronic spreadsheet.

Title bar: Just like any other window, Calc has a title bar located at its
top which shows the application name along with the file in use.
Menu bar: It contains all the menus relevant to Calc. These menus
contain options to work with the Calc.
Toolbars: The Calc opens with the Standard and Formatting toolbars
at the top of the workspace by default. These toolbars provide a wide
range of common commands and functions. Placing the mouse cursor
over any icon displays a small box called a tooltip. It gives a brief
explanation of the icon function.
Standard toolbar: The standard tool bar shows the icons for most
common operations, such as editing, arranging, filtering, etc. used
while working on the spreadsheet.
Formatting toolbar: Formatting toolbar has the most common
operation related to formatting datasheet. It includes buttons for font
selection, size of text, alignment, cell value formatting and
indentation, etc.
Formula Bar: It displays the contents of the current cell. It is also used
to create and view formulas.Data can be entered directly in a cell
using it. When you enter a formula in a cell, the result is shown in the
cell and the formula is displayed in the formula bar. Formula bar
consists of the following:
Name Box: It displays the cell address of the active cell.
Functions wizard: Searches the function from the list of available
functions.
Sum: Used to total the numbers in the cells above the selected cell.
The sum is placed in the selected cell.
Function: Clicking on the Function icon inserts an equals (=) sign into
the selected cell and the Input line allows formula to be entered.
Input line: Displays the contents of the selected cell (data, formula, or
function) and allows editing the cell contents. To edit inside the Input
line area, click in the area, then type the changes. To edit within the
current cell, just double-click in the cell.
 Selecting the Cell Range,
Column, Row, Worksheet
Many a times, there are certain functions we want to perform on
multiple cell entries. Doing this by selecting one cell at a time is a
tedious and time consuming job. Calc allows to create cell range to
perform such operations in one go.
You can perform various operations on the cell range in one go like
coping, moving, deleting, etc.

Selecting A Cell Range :

Click the first ie., top left corner cell from where the range is to be
started and holding the left mouse and drag till the last cell i.e.,
bottom right cell of the range.
Or
Click to select the first cell. Hold the Shift key and click in the last
cell of the range.
Or
Select the first cell. Hold Shift key and move the cell pointer to last
cell using arrow keys.

Selecting Multiple Ranges :

You can also select multiple non-consecutive ranges in the worksheet
to perform common operations.
Step 1: Select the first range.
Step 2: Hold the Cirl key on the keyboard and select the next range.
The next range of cels wit deselecting the previous range will be
selected.

SELECTING CELL RANGE SELECTING

CELL IN A ROW

SELECT ALL CELLS SELECT CELL IN A COLUMN

SELECT MULTIPLE CELL RANGES

 Formulas
A formula in Calc is an expression made up of data value or the cell
references of the cells containing data values along with the
mathematical operations. These operators are used along with the
operands that can be the constants or cell references of the values to
be used for calculation. Every formula in Calc begins with "=" sign.
Various arithmetical operators that are used in the formulas are:

Creating Formulas using Fixed Values

We can use the numbers directly in the formula as fixed values. For
example, if you want to add two numbers say 100 and 200.
Step 1: Select the cell where result is to be displayed and click in it.
Step 2: Enter the formula = 100 + 200 and press Enter key. The result
300 will appear in the selected cell.
Functions in Calc
Functions are the predefined formulas used to perform complex
calculations and analysis. These function can be used in the Calc
worksheet with the help of their name alone with the arguments in the
form of of references, ranges or values, which appear between
parenthesis next to the function name. For example, simple
mathematical function to calculate the sum of multiple cell values can
be used as:
= SUM(A1: A10)
For Example, - AVERAGE (A1 OF - AVERAGE (A1, A5, A10) Or -
AVERAGE (10, 15, 60, 80)
sign between two cell address
Some of the commonly used functions in Calc are:
SUM
SUM function is used for summing up the values in a given cell
range. The syntax of using this function is:
= SUM (Argument 1, Argument2...)
where SUM is the name of function and arguments can be the cell
reference, cell range or fixed values.
Multiple arguments can be used separated by comma (,) operator.
For Example, = SUM (A1, A2, A3) [Use of multiple cell address]
or = SUM (A1: A10, B1: B10) [Use of cell ranges]
or = SUM (10, 5, 4) [Use of constant values]
A cell range used as an argument to a function automatically ignores
the text or empty cell values.

AVERAGE( )
this function is same as that of SUM function, i.e.,
This function is used to calculate the average or mean of the series of
numbers in a cell range. The syntax of = AVERAGE (Argument 1,
Argument 2...)
MAX()
This function is used to find the largest value in a series of numbers.
The syntax of using this function.
For Example, = MAX (Al: A10) will return the largest number value
among the numbers stored in the range
of Al to A10,
= MAX (5, 6, 10, 4) will return 10 being the largest among these four
numbers,
- MAX (Argument 1, Argument 2)
where MAX is the function For Example, - MAX (A1: of A1 to A10.
- MAX (5, 6, 10, 4) will return 10 being largest number.
The above function will show the sum of values stored in cell range
Al to A10.
- MAX (Argument 1, Argument 2)
Types of Cell References
The formulas used in Calc are dynamic in nature. This means that the
value of the result is recalculated automatically, if the values in any of
the source cells are modified. This is achieved by using cell references
in formulas instead of actual values. A reference identifies a cell or a
range of cells in a worksheet and tells Calc where to look for the
values or data used in a formula.
Cell Reference in formulas in Calc is of three types:
Relative reference
Absolute reference
Mixed reference
Relative Reference
Relative reference is the default cell reference used in Cale. In relative
reference, cell references of the cl containing the data change when
the formula is copied from one cell to another cell. The references a
changed with respect to the new cell where the formula is copied.
This is especially useful when the formula is to be entered in many
cells and only the references of the cells containing the data values
need be changed.
Absolute Reference
An absolute reference is a cell reference in a worksheet that remains
constant even if the formula is copied or moved from one cell to
another cell. A cell reference is made absolute by putting a dollar sign
before the column letter as well as the row number of the desired cell,
such as SBS. This reference is used when we want to refer to the same
cell address in the formula copied to all cells.
In the above example, when we copy the formula =B5*C5-SDS5
from the cell E5 to cell E6, the absolute cell. reference (SDS5)
remains same.
Mixed Reference
Mixed reference is a combination of relative and absolute referencing.
In mixed referencing, one part of the cell address- column or row, is
made absolute while the other part is relative, such as $A4 or A$4. In
mixed reference, the cell references change in one direction-row or
column, while the part made absolute remains same in the formula
copied to all cells.
In the above example, when we copy the formula =B5*C5-$D5 from
the cell E5 to cell E6, the column reference remains same but, the row
changes i.e., =B6*C6-$D6.
Relative Reference

Absolute Reference

Mixed Reference