Repu blic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

POBLEM SET
Course Title: HEAT TRANSFER: HEAT EXCHANGER
First Semester, A.Y. 2022-2023

NAME:_________________________________
COURSE & SECTION:____________________
DATE SUBMITTED:______________________
BORDER 1 CM (EACH SIDES)
HANDWRITTEN, BLACK BALLPEN ONLY

Format
Problem (handwritten)
Followed by solution (handwritten)

1. In a heat exchanger, as shown in the accompanying figure, air flows over brass tubes of 1.8-cm 1D and 2.1-cm OD
containing steam. The convection heat transfer coefficients on the air and steam sides of the tubes are 70 W/m 2 K and 210
W/m2 K, respectively. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger (a) based on the inner tube area
and (b) based on the outer tube area.

2. Repeat Problem 1 but assume that a fouling factor of 0.00018 m2 K/W has developed on the inside of the tube during
operation.

3. A light oil flows through a copper tube of 2.6-cm ID and 3.2-cm OD. Air flows perpendicular over the exterior of the
tube as shown in the following sketch. The convection heat transfer coefficient for the oil is 120 W/m 2 K and for the air is
35 W/m2 K. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outside area of the tube (a) considering the thermal
resistance of the tube and (b) neglecting the resistance of the tube.

4. Repeat problem 3, but assume that fouling factors of 0.0009 m2 K/W and 0.0004 m2 K/W have developed on the inside
and on the outside, respectively.

5. Water flowing in a long, aluminum tube is to be heated by air flowing perpendicular to the exterior of the tube. The ID
of the tube is 1.85 cm, and its OD is 2.3 cm. The mass flow rate of the water through the tube is 0.65 kg/s, and the
temperature of the water in the tube averages 30°C. The free-stream velocity and ambient temperature of the air are 10
m/s and 120°C, respectively. Estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger.

6. Hot water is used to heat air in a double-pipe heat exchanger as shown in the following sketch. If the heat transfer
coefficients on the water side and on the air side are 100 Btu/h ft 2 °F and 10 Btu/h ft2 °F, respectively, calculate the overall
heat transfer coefficient based on the outer diameter. The heat exchanger pipe is 2-in., schedule 40 steel (k = 54 W/m K)
with water inside. Express your answer in Btu/h ft2 °F and W/m2 °C.

7. Repeat Problem 6, but assume that a fouling factor of 0.001 h ft2 /°F Btu based on the tube outside diameter has
developed over time.

8. The heat transfer coefficient of a copper tube (1.9-cm ID and 2.3-cm OD) is 500 W/m 2 K on the inside and 120 W/m2 K
on the outside, but a deposit with a fouling factor of 0.009 m2 K/W (based on the tube outside diameter) has built up over
time. Estimate the percentage increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient if the deposit were removed.
9. In a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with and negligible wall resistance, by what percent would the overall heat transfer
coefficient (based on the outside area) change if the number of tubes were doubled? The tubes have an outside diameter of
2.5 cm and a tube wall thickness of 2 mm. Assume that the flow rates of the fluids are constant, the effect of temperature
on fluid properties is negligible, and the total cross-sectional area of the tubes is small compared with the flow area of the
shell.
10. Water at 80°F enters a No. 18 BWG 5/8-in. condenser tube made of nickel chromium steel (k 15 Btu/h ft °F) at a rate
of 5.43 gpm. The tube is 10 ft long, and its outside is heated by steam condensing at 120°F. Under these conditions the
average heat transfer coefficient on the water side is 1750 Btu/h ft 2 °F. The heat transfer coefficient on the steam side can
be taken as 2000 Btu/h ft2 °F. On the interior of the tube, however, a scale with a thermal conductance equivalent to 1000
Btu/h ft2 °F is forming. (a) Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient U per square foot of exterior surface area after
the scale has formed, and (b) calculate the exit temperature of the water.

11. Water is heated by hot air in a heat exchanger. The flow rate of the water is 12 kg/s and that of the air is 2 kg/s. The
water enters at 40°C, and the air enters at 460°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 275 W/m 2
K based on a surface area of 14 m2 . Determine the effectiveness of the heat exchanger if it is (a) a parallel-flow type or
(b) a crossflow type (both fluids unmixed). Then calculate the heat transfer rate for the two types of heat exchangers
described and the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids for the conditions given.

12 Exhaust gases from a power plant are used to preheat air in a cross-flow heat exchanger. The exhaust gases enter the
heat exchanger at 450°C and leave at 200°C. The air enters the heat exchanger at 70°C, leaves at 250°C, and has a mass
flow rate of 10 kg/s. Assume the properties of the exhaust gases can be approximated by those of air. The overall heat
transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 154 W/m2 K. Calculate the heat exchanger surface area required if (a) the air
is unmixed and the exhaust gases are mixed and (b) both fluids are unmixed.

13. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger having one shell pass and four tube passes is shown schematically in the following
sketch. The fluid in the tubes enters at 200°C and leaves at 100°C. The temperature of the fluid is 20°C entering the shell
and 90°C leaving the shell. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the surface area of 12 m 2 is 300 W/m2 K.
Calculate the heat transfer rate between the fluids.

14. Oil (cp 2.1 kJ/kg K) is used to heat water in a shell-and tube heat exchanger with a single shell pass and two tube
passes. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 525 W/m2 K. The mass flow rates are 7 kg/s for the oil and 10 kg/s for the
water. The oil and water enter the heat exchanger at 240°C and 20°C, respectively. The heat exchanger is to be designed
so that the water leaves the heat exchanger with a minimum temperature of 80°C. Calculate the heat transfer surface area
required to achieve this temperature.
15. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with two tube passes and a single shell pass is used to heat water by condensing
steam in the shell. The flow rate of the water is 15 kg/s, and it is heated from 60°C to 80°C. The steam condenses at
140°C, and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is 820 W/m 2 K. If there are 45 tubes with an OD of
2.75 cm, calculate the required tube length.

16. Benzene flowing at 12.5 kg/s is to be cooled continuously from 82°C to 54°C by 10 kg/s of water available at 15.5°C.
Using Table 8.5, estimate the surface area required for (a) crossflow with six tube passes and one shell pass, with neither
of the fluids mixed, and (b) a counterflow exchanger with one shell pass and eight tube passes, with the colder fluid inside
tubes.

17. Water entering a shell-and-tube heat exchanger at 35°C is to be heated to 75°C by an oil. The oil enters at 110°C and
leaves at 75°C. The heat exchanger is arranged for counterflow with the water making one shell pass and the oil making
two tube passes. If the water flow rate is 68 kg per minute and the overall heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be 320
W/m2 K, calculate the required heat exchanger area.