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1 (a) A large stone, initially at rest, falls from the top of a building. The stone takes 3.2 s to fall to the
ground. For this stone, air resistance can be ignored.

(i) Stating the formula that you use, show that the speed of the stone when it hits the ground
is 32 m / s.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the fall of the stone. Label with an X the line
on the graph. [1]

40

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1 2 4
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(iii) Use the graph in (ii) to determine the height of the building.

height = ........................................................ [2]

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(b) A smaller stone than the stone in (a) falls from the same building. This stone is affected by air
resistance.

(i) What happens to the air resistance as the stone falls? Underline your choice of answer.

Air resistance decreases. Air resistance is constant. Air resistance increases. [1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible speed-time graph for the fall of this stone. Label with a Y this
line on the graph. [3]
[Total: 8]
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2 Fig. 1.1 shows a distance-time graph for a moving object.

C
50

distance / m

B
30

Fig. 1.1
A
0
0 15 40
time / s

(a) Describe the speed of the object between points

(i) A and B,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) B and C.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State whether the acceleration of the object is zero, negative or positive, as shown on the
graph between points

(i) A and B,

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) B and C.

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Calculate the average speed of the object during the 40 seconds.

speed = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]
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3 Parachutes are used to slow down a certain racing car.

Fig. 1.1 shows the racing car, of total mass 750 kg, slowing down by using parachutes.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for 20 s after the car reaches full speed.

80

70

speed 60
m/s
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time t / s

Fig. 1.2

At time t = 6.0 s, the parachutes open.

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(a) On Fig. 1.2,

(i) mark a point, labelled A, where the car is moving at constant speed,
(ii) mark a point, labelled B, where the car is decelerating at a uniform rate,
(iii) mark a point, labelled C, where the car is decelerating at non-uniform rate.
[3]

(b) Calculate

(i) the deceleration of the car at time t = 6.5 s,

deceleration = ............................................... [2]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the car at this time.

resultant force = ............................................... [2]

(c) Explain why there is no resultant force acting on the car at time t = 4.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]
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4 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graphs for three different objects A, B and C.

A
B
distance

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

Describe the motion of each of the objects A, B and C by selecting the appropriate description
from the list below.

constant speed s eed

increasing sp decreasing sp
speed stationary

A ...............................................................................................................................................

B ...............................................................................................................................................

C ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the speed-time graphs for three more objects D, E, and F.

speed D

0
0 time

Fig. 1.2

Describe the motion of each of the objects D, E and F by selecting the appropriate description
from the list below.

constant speed constant acceleration

at increasing acceleration
at stationary

D ...............................................................................................................................................

E ...............................................................................................................................................

F ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(c) Fig. 1.3 shows a person bungee-jumping from a bridge. The person is attached to a long
elastic rope.
strong fixed point

rope

jumper

river

Fig. 1.3

(i) In 1.5 s the speed of the jumper increases from zero to 10.5 m / s.

Calculate her average acceleration during this time.

acceleration = ................................................ [2]

(ii) At one point during the fall, she reaches her maximum speed.

1. State her acceleration at this point.

acceleration = ................................................ [1]

2. What can be said about the forces acting on her at this point?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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5 Fig. 3.1 shows the speed- time graph of a firework rocket as it rises and then falls to the ground.

rocket
moving
upwards

speed

E
0
0 B time

rocket
moving C D
downwards

Fig. 3.1

The rocket runs out of fuel at A. It reaches its maximum height at B. At E it returns to the ground.

(a) (i) State the gradient of the graph at B. gradient = ............................................... [1]

(ii) State why the gradient has this value at B.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) State and explain the relationship between the shaded areas above and below the time axis.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Another rocket, of the same size and mass, opens a parachute at point B.

On Fig. 3.1, sketch a possible graph of its speed from B until it reaches the ground. [3]

[Total: 8]
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6 A free-fall parachutist jumps from a helium balloon, but does not open his parachute for some
time.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for his fall. Point B indicates when he opens his parachute.

speed
A B

C D

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) State the value of the gradient of the graph immediately after time t = 0.

gradient = ........................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain why the gradient has this value.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) State how Fig. 1.1 shows that the acceleration decreased between time t = 0 and the time
to A.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]
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(c) Explain, in terms of forces, what is happening in section AB of the graph in Fig. 1.1.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) A second parachutist of the same size and mass jumps from the balloon with a larger
parachute. He also opens his parachute at point B.

On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible speed-time graph for his fall after he opens his parachute. [3]
[Total: 8]
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7 (a) Underline the vectors in the following list of quantities.

density energy force mass velocity

elocity volume [2]

(b) A small metal ball is projected into the air with a velocity of 40 m / s vertically upwards.

The graph in Fig. 2.1 shows how the velocity changes with time until the ball reaches its
maximum height.

40
velocity
m/s

20

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
time / s

–20

–40

Fig. 2.1

Use the graph to find,

(i) the time at which the ball reaches its maximum height,

time = .................................................. [1]

(ii) the deceleration of the ball,

deceleration = .................................................. [2]

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(iii) the maximum height reached by the ball.

maximum height = .................................................. [2]

(c) On Fig. 2.1, add a line to the graph to show how the velocity of the ball changes after it
reaches its maximum height. Your line should extend to time 6.0 s. [1]
[Total: 8]
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1 (a) A bus travels at a constant speed. It stops for a short time and then travels at a higher constant
speed.

Using the axes in Fig. 1.1, draw a distance-time graph for this bus journey.

distance

0
0 time

Fig. 1.1
[3]

(b) A lift (elevator) starts from rest at the ground floor of a building.

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the motion of the lift to the top floor of the building.

4.0

speed
m/s
3.0

2.0

1.0

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
time / s
Fig. 1.2
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Use the graph to determine the distance from the ground floor to the top floor of the building.

distance = ................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]
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2 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a straight road.

The graph shows how the speed of the car changes as the car passes through a small town.

35

D
30
speed
m/s
A
25

enters leaves
20 town town
here here

15

B C

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the end of the town.

distance = [3]
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(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.

acceleration = [3]

(c) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car has the same numerical value as
its acceleration.

[1]

[Total: 7]
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3 (a) Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show speed-time graphs for two objects, each moving in a straight line.

speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(i) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the motion of the object shown by the graph in Fig. 1.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) On a day with no wind, a large object is dropped from a tall building. The object experiences
air resistance during its fall to the ground.

State and explain, in terms of the forces acting, how the acceleration of the object varies
during its fall.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]
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4 At a sports event, a champion runner and a car take part in a race.

(a) The runner runs at a constant speed of 10 m / s from the start of the race. During the first 5.0 s
of the race, the car’s speed increases from 0 m / s to 25 m / s at a uniform rate.

On Fig. 1.1, draw

(i) a graph to show the motion of the runner, [1]

(ii) a graph to show the motion of the car.

30
speed
m/s

20

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
[1]

(b) Use your graphs to determine

(i) the distance travelled by the runner in the 5.0 s,

distance = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) the distance travelled by the car in the 5.0 s,

distance = ...........................................................[2]

(iii) the time at which the car overtakes the runner.

time = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]
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5 Fig. 1.1 shows a rocket-powered sled travelling along a straight track. The sled is used to test
components before they are sent into space.

sled
track

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is the speed-time graph for the sled from time t = 0 s.

1000

800
speed
m/s 600

400

200

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
time / s

Fig. 1.2

(a) On Fig. 1.2, mark a point labelled P to indicate a time when the acceleration of the sled is not
constant. [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the sled at t = 1.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the sled between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(c) The resultant force acting on the sled remains constant during the test.

Suggest why the acceleration of the sled is not constant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]
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6 A comet, travelling in space, enters the atmosphere of a planet.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the comet from time t = 0 s.

40 000

speed
m/s 30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) During the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s, both the speed of the comet and the velocity of the
comet remain constant.

State what this suggests about the motion of the comet.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Determine the distance travelled during the period t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
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(b) Explain what the graph shows about the motion of the comet during the period t = 6.0 s to
t = 10.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Determine the acceleration of the comet at t = 11.0 s.

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(d) Suggest what happens to the comet at t = 12.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]
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7 A plastic ball is dropped from the balcony of a tall building and falls towards the ground in a straight
line.

Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph for the falling ball.

8.0

speed
m/s
6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) State and explain, in terms of forces, what is happening to the speed of the ball between time
t = 2.0 s and t = 3.0 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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(b) On Fig. 1.1, mark a point P on the line where the acceleration of the ball is not constant. [1]

(c) Using Fig. 1.1,

(i) calculate the acceleration of the ball between t = 0 s and t = 0.25 s,

acceleration = ...........................................................[2]

(ii) estimate the distance that the ball falls in the first 3.0 s.

distance = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 7]