1 This question is about the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

H2(g) + CO2(g) U H2O(g) + CO(g) ǻH 9 = +40 kJ mol–1

What effect would the following changes have on the rate of reaction and the yield of
carbon monoxide?

(a) Increase in temperature.

(1)
Rate Yield of CO

A increase increase

B increase decrease

C increase no change

D no change decrease

(b) Increase in pressure.

(1)
Rate Yield of CO

A increase increase

B increase decrease

C increase no change

D no change no change

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

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2 Carbon monoxide and chlorine react together and reach equilibrium:

CO(g) + Cl2(g) U COCl2(g)

If the pressure of the system is then increased at constant temperature, which of the
following statements is correct?
A The equilibrium moves to the left and Kp decreases.
B The equilibrium moves to the right and Kp increases.
C The equilibrium moves to the right, then back to the left and Kp remains the same.
D The equilibrium moves to the right and Kp remains the same.

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

3 The indicator methyl orange is a weak acid and may be represented by the formula
HA(aq). The equation for its dissociation is shown below.
HA(aq) U A–(aq) + H+(aq)

Colour: Red Yellow

Under certain conditions, at equilibrium, a solution of HA has a yellow colour. On

addition of a small volume of dilute sodium hydroxide, the colour of this solution
would
A change from yellow to red.

B change from yellow to orange.

C change from yellow to orange and then to red.

D not change.

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

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 4 The following system was allowed to reach equilibrium at 300 °C.

2HI(g) U H2(g) + I2(g) ǻH = ì53.0 kJ mol–1

Colourless Colourless Purple

(a) What would you see if the equilibrium mixture was cooled to 250 °C?
(1)
A No visible change.
B The colour gets lighter.
C The mixture turns colourless.
D The mixture goes a darker purple.
(b) The equilibrium mixture at 300 °C was compressed in a gas syringe to occupy a
smaller volume. What would be seen immediately?
(1)
A No visible change.
B The colour gets lighter.
C The mixture turns colourless.
D The mixture goes a darker purple.

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

5 A solution of iodine in aqueous potassium iodide is brown. The following equilibrium

exists in this solution.

I2(aq) + H2O(l) U IOì(aq) + Iì(aq) + 2H+(aq)

Brown Colourless

What would be the effect, if any, on the colour of the solution if five drops of dilute
sodium hydroxide solution were added to 5 cm3 of the iodine solution?
A No visible change.
B The colour gets lighter.
C The mixture turns colourless.
D The mixture goes a darker colour.

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

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6 Methane hydrate is found on continental shelves deep in oceans. It forms methane
in an endothermic equilibrium reaction, which may be represented as

CH4.6H2O(s) U CH4(g) + 6H2O(l)

(a) Which of the following changes would increase the equilibrium yield of
methane?
(1)
A Increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure.
B Decreasing both the temperature and the pressure.
C Increasing both the temperature and the pressure.
D Decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure.

(b) Which of the following would decrease the value of the equilibrium constant, Kp,
for the above equilibrium?
(1)
A Decreasing the pressure
B Increasing the pressure
C Decreasing the temperature
D Increasing the temperature

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

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7 Methane hydrate is found on continental shelves deep in oceans. It forms methane
in an endothermic equilibrium reaction, which may be represented as

CH4.6H2O(s) U CH4(g) + 6H2O(l)

(a) Which of the following changes would decrease the equilibrium yield of
methane?
(1)
A Decreasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure.
B Increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure.
C Decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure.
D Increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure.
(b) Which of the following would increase the value of the equilibrium constant, Kp,
for the above equilibrium?
(1)
A Decreasing the pressure
B Increasing the pressure
C Decreasing the temperature
D Increasing the temperature

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

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 8 Which of the following cannot alter the position of a chemical equilibrium?

A Increasing the amount of catalyst

B Increasing the reactant concentration
C Increasing the temperature
D Increasing the total pressure

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

9 CO(g)+ 2H2(g) U

CH3OH(g) ǻH = –91 kJ mol–1

The conditions which would produce the greatest yield of methanol are
A high pressure and high temperature.
B high pressure and low temperature.
C low pressure and low temperature.
D low pressure and high temperature.

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

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10 (a) For the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen and iodine

H2(g) + I2(g) U 2HI(g)

increasing the pressure of the system

(1)

A has no effect on the rate or the position of equilibrium.

B increases the rate but does not affect the position of equilibrium.
C increases the rate and shifts the equilibrium to the right.
D increases the rate and shifts the equilibrium to the left.

(b) The equation for the equilibrium reaction between hydrogen and iodine may also
be written as

½H2(g) + ½I2(g) U HI(g)

This change to the equation, compared to that in part (a),
(1)
A has no effect on the value of the equilibrium constant.
B halves the value of the equilibrium constant.
C doubles the value of the equilibrium constant.
D square roots the value of the equilibrium constant.

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

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11 The first stage in the manufacture of nitric acid is the oxidation of ammonia:

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) U 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) ¨H = –906 kJ mol–1

(a) In modern industrial plants this reaction is carried out at a pressure of around
3 atm. Which of the following statements is incorrect? The raised pressure
(1)
A helps push the reactants through the reactor.
B shifts the position of equilibrium to the right.
C increases the cost of the reactor.
D increases the energy cost of this part of the process.

(b) A platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst is used in this reaction. Which of the following
statements is incorrect? The catalyst
(1)

A lowers the activation energy of the reaction.

B has no effect on the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
C alters the enthalpy change of the reaction.
D reduces the energy cost of this part of the process.

(c) The operating temperature of this reaction is about 900qC. The use of a high
temperature
(1)

A increases the rate of the reaction and the equilibrium yield.

B increases the rate of the reaction and decreases the equilibrium yield.
C decreases the rate of the reaction and the equilibrium yield.
D decreases the rate of the reaction and increases the equilibrium yield.

(Total for Question = 3 marks)

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12 An important step in the production of sulfuric acid is the oxidation of sulfur dioxide.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) U 2SO3(g) ǻH = –196 kJ mol–1

Which of the conditions below is best suited to produce a high yield of sulfur trioxide,
SO3?
A 1 atm pressure and 800 °C.
B 2 atm pressure and 800 °C.
C 1 atm pressure and 400 °C.
D 2 atm pressure and 400 °C.

(Total for Question = 1 mark)

13 Which of these will not improve the overall yield of the Haber process?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) U 2NH3 H  
A Increasing the pressure.
B Liquefying then removing the ammonia from the reaction.
C Increasing the temperature.
D Recycling unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen.

(Total for Question 1 mark)

14 1,2-dichloroethane decomposes in the presence of a catalyst.

CH2ClCH2Cl(g) CH2=CHCl(g) + HCl(g) ∆H = +51 kJ mol–1
Which of the following would result in an increase in the equilibrium yield of
chloroethene?
A Increasing the temperature.
B Increasing the pressure.
C Increasing the surface area of the catalyst.
D Changing the catalyst to a more efficient one.
(Total for Question = 1 mark)

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15 In the equilibrium below, what effect would the changes described have on the system?
2H2S(g) + SO2(g) U 3S(s) + 2H2O(g) ∆H is negative
(a) Increase in temperature
(1)
A increase rate, decrease yield

B increase rate, increase yield

C decrease rate, decrease yield

D decrease rate, increase yield

(b) Decrease in pressure

(1)
A increase rate, decrease yield

B increase rate, increase yield

C decrease rate, decrease yield

D decrease rate, increase yield

(Total for Question = 2 marks)

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16 Brown nitrogen dioxide, NO2, exists in equilibrium with colourless
dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4.
2NO2(g) U N2O4 J ǻH  N- PROí
brown colourless

(a) The pressure is increased. When equilibrium is restored, the appearance of the
mixture of gases will be
(1)
A colourless.
B unchanged.
C paler brown.
D darker brown.

(b) The temperature is increased. When equilibrium is restored, the appearance of the
mixture of gases will be
(1)
A colourless.
B unchanged.
C paler brown.
D darker brown.

(Total for Question 2 marks)

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17 The graph below shows the yield of product in a gaseous equilibrium at different
temperatures and pressures.

% product at
equilibrium 300 atm

200 atm

Temperature/qC

The forward reaction in the equilibrium is

A exothermic, and the number of moles of gas is increasing.
B endothermic, and the number of moles of gas is increasing.
C exothermic, and the number of moles of gas is decreasing.
D endothermic, and the number of moles of gas is decreasing.
(Total for Question 1 mark)

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