Practice Questions

1. Derive the expression for the torque acting on an electric dipole in a uniform electric
field.
2. What are equipotential surfaces? Describe their shapes far from a charge distribution
with a net non-zero charge.
3. Show how a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter by deriving the formula for
shunt resistance.
4. When a bar magnet is cut perpendicular to its axis, what happens to its magnetic
moment and pole strength? Justify.

5. Derive the formula for maximum emf induced in a rotating circular coil in a uniform
magnetic field.
6. Write the expression for average power dissipation in an AC circuit and discuss when
it becomes zero.
7. Derive the formula for the momentum of a photon in terms of its wavelength.
8. Calculate the radius of the second Bohr orbit in hydrogen using the Bohr model.

9. Differentiate between diffraction of radio waves and light waves by buildings using
their wavelengths.
10. Analyze the magnifying power of a compound microscope and the orientation of its
final image.
11. How does doubling the frequency of light affect the kinetic energy of photoelectrons?
Explain.

12. Explain Bohr’s postulate regarding stationary orbits and relate it to classical physics.
13. Define resistivity and derive the formula for resistance in terms of material properties.
14. Draw a reflecting telescope’s arrangement and compare its advantages over refracting
telescopes.
15. Draw and label energy band diagrams for n-type and p-type semiconductors,
explaining the role of donor and acceptor levels.
16. Derive the expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron and
define Bohr magneton.

17. Explain the concept of closest approach in the Geiger-Marsden experiment and its
difference from the nuclear radius.
18. Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion, and their numerical.

19. Discuss the impact of inserting a dielectric slab into a charged capacitor, including
changes in capacitance, electric field, and energy.
20. Draw electric field lines for a various charge systems.
21. Derive the energy expressions in an LC circuit, calculate oscillation frequency, and
analyze energy and heat dissipation in the presence of resistance.
22. Explain the working of a step-down transformer and derive expressions for turn ratio
and current.

23. Derive the lens maker’s formula for a biconvex lens and solve problems on image
formation.
24. Draw a compound microscope, calculate total magnification, and determine the focal
lengths of its lenses.
25. Analyze the force (attraction, repulsion, or neither) between beams of electrons and
protons moving parallel in the same direction.
26. A bar magnet is cut perpendicular to its axis into two equal parts. Discuss the new
pole strength and magnetic moment of each part.
27. What is the average power dissipated in ac circuit?
28. If green light ejects photoelectrons from a surface, but yellow light doesn’t, will
ultraviolet light cause photoemission? Justify your answer.
29. Verify whether the speed of electromagnetic waves is consistent across different
wavelengths (e.g., gamma rays vs. radio waves) in free space.
30. Examine the energy loss of a light wave as it moves from a rarer to a denser medium.
Is energy proportional to its speed?
31. Assess the effect of doubling the frequency of incident light on the kinetic energy of
emitted photoelectrons. Does the metal provide extra energy?
32. Discuss why the hydrogen atom, with only one electron, displays multiple spectral
lines.
33. Explain the Wheatstone bridge principle and the condition for its balance.
34. Define optical fibers and give one of their practical applications.
35. Compute the de Broglie wavelength of a nitrogen molecule moving with its root mean
square speed at 300 K.
36. Deduce the magnetic field expression inside a solenoid .
37. Find the mutual inductance between a long straight wire and a square loop of side a .
38. Represent a plane electromagnetic wave along the -axis and write the corresponding
electric and magnetic field equations. List three characteristics of electromagnetic
waves.
39. For a proton beam with 2.3MeV energy, calculate its speed and distance of closest
approach to a lead sheet.
40. Explain how energy is released despite nucleon conservation.
41. Evaluate the maximum resistance in a circuit with a p-n junction diode and battery to
maintain voltage above the knee point. Also, analyze power dissipation and total
potential when reverse biased.
42. Solve lens-related numerical problems, including power of combinations and focal
length calculations.
 43. Discuss changes in capacitance, electric field, and stored energy of a capacitor upon
inserting a dielectric slab.
44. Derive the potential difference for a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric .
45. Using a phasor diagram, derive the impedance of an LCR circuit and conditions for
resonance. Explain how power factor changes when a capacitor balances inductive
reactance
46. All optical instruments and their numerical.

Important Derivation Questions

1. Using Gauss’s law, derive the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long
straight uniformly charged wire.
2. Derive the formula for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric
slab inserted between the plates.
3. Obtain the expression for the equivalent EMF and internal resistance when two cells
are connected in parallel.
4. Deduce the formula for the torque experienced by a magnetic dipole in a uniform
magnetic field.
5. Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long straight parallel
current-carrying conductors.
6. Write the formula for the impedance of an LCR circuit in series and derive the
condition for resonance.
7. Obtain an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular current
loop using Biot-Savart’s law.
8. Derive the expression for the energy stored in an inductor when current flows through
it.
9. Use Huygens’s principle to derive the laws of refraction.
10. Derive the lens maker’s formula for a thin lens.
11. Explain the concept of binding energy and show that nuclear density is constant and
independent of mass number A.
12. Obtain the expression for de Broglie wavelength and discuss its significance.
13. Derive Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the concept of work function.
14. Derive the formula for fringe width in a Young’s double-slit experiment.
15. Derive the expression for the total energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom based on
Bohr’s model.