EQUIPMENTS

INTRODUCTION
Equipment’s are used in the refining and processing industries which are known as Process
Equipment’s. Process equipment can be used for tasks a varied as storage, controlling flow, and
containing chemical reactions.

There are two major types of process equipment: Fixed Equipment and Rotating Equipment.
Any Process equipment that generally does not move is known as Fixed Equipment. Fixed
equipment is also sometimes known as static equipment.
Any process equipment that moves or rotates is known as Rotating Equipment's.
Fixed Equipment: Rotating Equipment:
• Heat Exchangers • Turbines
• Storage Tanks • Pumps
• Drums/Vessels • Compressors
• Boilers • Gearboxes
• Furnaces/Heaters • Engines

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HEAT EXCHANGERS
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat exchangers are
used in both cooling and heating processes.

1. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

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2. PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

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3. SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

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4.DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

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6.AIR COOLER EXCHANGER

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STORAGE TANKS

Tanks are used for storing of liquids. There are two types of tanks, one is fixed roof tank, which is
used for non volatile liquids, another is floating roof tanks which is used for volatile liquids
Fixed Roof

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FLOATING ROOF

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 EQUIPMENTS DISTILLATION COLUMN

Distillation columns are made up of several components, each of which is used either to transfer
heat energy or enhance material transfer Find its application in Alcohol & Chemical industries

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 EQUIPMENTS FRACTIONAL COLUMN

A fractionating column or fractional column is an essential item used in the distillation of

liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the
differences in volatilities. Find its application in Refinery and Petro Chemical Industries

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KNOCK OUT DRUM

The Knock out drum is a vessel in the flare header designed to remove & accumulate condensed
& entrained liquids from the relief gases

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KNOCK OUT DRUM

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COMPRESSORS

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing

its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Reciprocating compressors (also known as piston compressors) are generally used to move gas
at increased pressure

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ROTARY – SCREW COMPRESSOR

A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor, such as an air compressor, that uses a rotary-
type positive-displacement mechanism

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CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-
absorbing turbomachinery. They achieve a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid
through the rotor or impeller.

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 EQUIPMENTS BOILERS

WATER TYPE BOILER FIRE TYPE BOILER

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WATER TYPE BOILER FIRE TYPE BOILER

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PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into Hydraulic energy.

CENTIFUGAL PUMP - HORIZONTAL

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PUMPS

CENTIFUGAL PUMP - VERTICAL

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