ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Class - 5

2024-25
State Council of Educational Research and Training
Chhattisgarh, Raipur

For Free Distribution

 Year of Publishing - 2024
S.C.E.R.T. Chhattisgarh
Guidance and Co-operation
Dr. H.K. Dewan (Vidya Bhawan, Udaipur)

Convener
Dr. Vidyawati Chandrakar

Co-ordinator and Editing

Dr. T.P. Dewangan, Dr. Nilam Arora, Anita Shrivastava

Authors/Writing Team
A.K. Bhatt, J.S. Chauhan, Dr. T.P. Dewangan, Anil Bande, Gayatri
Namdev,Manorama Shrivastava, K.R. Sharma, Amita Ojha,
Neelam Arora, Sachchidanand Shastri, Govind Singh Gehlot,
Bhagachandra Kumavat
Translated By
Vidya Bhawan Society, Udiapur
Illustration
Mohan Goswamy, Prashant Soni
Cover page
Rekhraj Chouragadey, Asif - Bhilai

Published by
State Council of Educational Research & Training Chhattisgarh, Raipur
Printed by
Chhattisgarh Textbook Corporation, Raipur
Printing Press
 Foreword
It is necessary that both teacher & student be active for the acquisition of
knowledge. It was a great challenge to bring out the different social, cultural & geo-
graphical diversity which is the strength of our state, in this book. It was greatly
planned that each student would find the book to be his personal one.
Children of this age group have an overall view of their surroundings. So care
has been taken to include the natural, cultural and social things in their surroundings.
To make the book child centred, care has been taken to provide opportunities to
children for search, observe, express their views and find solutions by them selves.
In the textbook many opportunities has been given for the students to work
individually, in groups and with the society. It has also be devised in this book that the
children take the help of other sources along with that of the textbook and their
teachers-as-family, society, newspaper, library etc. By this Family and society will be
connected to the school.
During the making of this textbook many environmental points have been kept
in mind as forests, animals, plants-trees, rivers, transport, petrol, water, pollution,
natural disaster, family relations and disability so that the children may be aware of
these and develop a positive thinking about them.The activities given in the book are
suggestive. You are free to add more at your level.
Evaluation would be at your level but must be continuous, comprehensive and
child centred.
Right to Education Act-2009 stresses on providing quality education. NCERT
New Delhi has established class wise, subject wise, learning outcomes for students of
class 1 to 8 and has suggested pedagogical activities for achieving the all-round
development of the children. So for the year 2018-19 textbook has been made even
share & relevant so that children get maximum opportunity to acquire knowledge.
Hope this book will help teachers, parents and children to reach their goals.
In the production of this book we have received great help and guidance from
teachers of government and private schools DIETs colleges and Ravishankar Univer-
sity Raipur, private institutions and enlighted citizens. We are greatly obliged and
offer sincere thanks to all.
We would welcome suggestions for the improvement of this book from all of
you.

Director
State Council of Educational Research
and Training Chhattisgarh, Raipur
 Preface
SCERT has tried to prepare this book as child centred. So that the children
may be in continuous contact with the environment. Opportunities for the children to
do by themselves, search and work in groups, do experiments, discus and come to a
solution have been given in this book.
There are chances given in this book to openly discuss and argue on topics
related to environment, may it be natural, social or cultural as water, forest, pollution,
natural disasters, animals and conservation of natural resources; so that they may
response to these and comprehend it properly.
A list of the skills are given in the textbook. You should provide an open space
for the children to learn. Motivate them to do as many activities as they can, give them
a chance to know and ask questions about the world around them. You know that
children are aware of their surrounding and getting a chance to tell something about it
will help to build up their self-confidence.
The main objective of elementary education is comprehending the written mat-
ter. It is expected that some measure to develop their linguistic skills is also taken.
While teaching some lessons as our Occupations, Roots and Leaves, Historic
places, Haat Bank, Forest and Let's make a Survey children are to be taken outside
the class/school and for lesson as Directions, scale and map, magic with mirror
Solar Energy, Friction, Mosquitoes and Malaria, Ant and Bones, materials for the
activities has to collected locally. It is better to collect these articles before the teach-
ing of these lessons.You should take the help of the students for this. Mostly all the
materials could be collected easily from nearby areas.
Maps of India, Chhattisgarh and your district must be displayed in the class-
room. Students must be encouraged to took and read the maps when teaching les-
sons based on maps.
Every lesson has questions along with the activities and experiments, which the
children have to answer by themselves. Please don't be over anxious to provide the
answer, instead encourage the children to find the answer and later have a discussion on it.
In the book there are portions where the children can discuss about their expe-
riences and also write about them. Here your participation is very important as you
have related their experiences to environmental studies. In the end of each lesson a
subtitle of "Find Nearby" is given where some extra interesting activities for the chil-
dren are given. Please divert their attention to this also. May be on working with the
students you may need to change the sequence of the lessons.You are completely
free to do this.
 Which portions in the book was difficult for the children? Or do you think
these must be something new in it? Please try to find such lessons and kindly inform
us about it.
In each lesson subtitles as 'Oral' 'Written' 'Exercise' 'Find Nearby'is given.
From all these children will be able to express their views discuss observe and find
solutions. It is necessary that all students even differently abled students are treated
carefully. From this, we can know how much and where the child has learned.
When you go through the book or our teaching from the book you may come
across something which you think is "not correct. Please inform us about these
points. Do also tell us how we could rectify it. You may also come across points
which you may appreciate. Do tell us about these also. All these experiences of yours
would be helpful to enhance this book.
If you are with us in this journey of making Environment Studies interesting in
general then togather we could achieve a lot.
With Wishes.

Director
State Council of Educational Research and Training
Chhattisgarh, Raipur
 The Total Skills Inclusive in The Text Material
We hope that the children of class five have learnt some 0f the basic skills in the
earlier classes before they move towards more difficult skills. The effort is to con-
tinue the work started in the last two years and find new chances to understand the
environment. The skills we have tried to develop in the children of class five are as
follows:
(1) To observe, to recognise, to collect information and note it down.
• To identify qualities of a thing by touch and feel.
• To be able to observe minutely things like trees, plants, insects-animals,
fruits and vegetables, seeds, soil etc. To be able to collect information
about famous mountains building nearby, festivals etc. and be able to
arrange the information in a tabular form.
• To go on a visit to banks, hospitals etc, to observe and understand their
works and things related to these and develop a thought on their
reasons.
• To be able to read a chart or map on the basis of symbols and
understand their meanings.To be a part of the occassions, festivals, feats,
journey in your region and be able to make observations on them or
describe them. To be able to express it orally or in written form.
• To be able to observe minutely, express observations clearly and be
able to attempt to reach to a conclusion.
• Observe by conducting a survey. Collect information and analyse the
information.Classify and tabulate obtained information.
• Conduct experiments and make observations.
• Make connections on the basis of observations.For example- to estab-
lish a relation between roots and leaves, the relation between surface and
friction.
• Make conclusions on the basis of observations.
(2) Differentiation, comparison, classification and generalisation.
• In relation to the information and observations listed or tabulated, to be
able to find similarities or dissimilarities and to think about the reasons
for these.
• To be able to list or tabulate facts and observations and hence be able to
make groups.
• To recognise the sequence of an event, arrange the incidents in sequence
and analyse facts to come to a simple conclusion.
(3) Pattern interrelations and development of imagination.
• To recognise the sequence or pattern in a social or natural incident.
• To understand the pattern using the experience and information.
• To understand the life cycle of trees and plants.
• To develop creativity by making models, charts etc.
• To read the information related to things found in nature like rivers,
mountains, jungles etc. and be able to understand their relationship with
human lives based on their own experience.
(4) Identifying problems, giving solutions and taking decisions.
• To understand the problems and to be able to identify facts which will
help solve them.
• To understand the implication of written information or a picture and
predict what would happen and be able to express this.
• Be able to understand by reading, observing or looking at a picture.
• To apply logic and explain situation things systematically to others. This
also includes the reasoning.
(5) Reasons, effects and Solutions
• To understand ways to avoid and treat simple regional/local illnesses.
• The uses and importance of natural resources.
• Sensitivity towards physical handicaps.
(6) To make hypothesis, to inspect and experiment to understand informa-
tion or processes.
• Follow instructions after understanding them,depending on the
procedure, analyse and be able to reach conclusion.
• Depending on the incident, to be able to make hypothesis and be able to
inspect it and reach conclusions.
(7) To be able to make or read a map or a picture.
• To be able to make different types of pictures. To understand the
incidents shown in the picture and discuss among friends.
• To be able to read the maps of the district, state or country and be able
to fill the information in an empty map.
• To understand the map and be able to answer questions based on it for
example which place is in a particular direction in relation to another.
Look at the map and find the answers according to the given instruc-
tions.
(8) Report writing and expressing oneself.
• To be able to express oneself with confidence in different way.
• Give opportunities for independent expression in written form. To be
able to instruct friends to do some work.
• To be able to explain logically one’s feelings, thoughts and opinions
about ones experiences.
• To visit places of historical importance or ancient monuments in the
nearby areas and do a project on them.
• To write a project and present it.
• To collect different crops, leaves, flowers and seed of trees and plants.
To make a herbarium and arrange for a plant exhibits.
• To know the history of the state, the autobiographies of great men and
the culture of Chhattisgarh and the country.
 Environmental Studies
S.No. Name of the Chapter Page No.

1. Let’s do a Survey 1-8

2. Direction, Scale and Map 9-14
3. Roots and Leaves 15-20
4. Our National Symbols 21-26
5. Mosquitoes and Malaria 27-33
6. The Map Speaks 34-38
7. Snakes 39-46
8. Bank 47-53
9. The Autobiography of Mahanadi 54-58
10. How is Iron Made? 59-66
11. The Jungles of Chhattisgarh 67-71
12. Magic with Mirrors 72-77
13. The Skin 79-83
14. Friction 84-87
15. Ants 88-93
16. Food of Animals 94-98
17. Bones 99-103
18. Haat (A Weekly Market) 104-109
19. Divyang, Not a Curse 110-117
20. Solar Energy 118-121
21. Talagaon 122-127
22. Means of Transport 128-135
23. A Visit to Goa 136-140
24. Louis Pasteur 141-145
25. The Journey of Seeds 146-150
26. Mud and Stones 151-155
27. The Brave Warrior of Chhattisgarh 156-159
28. Punjab 160-165
29. Handicrafts of Chhattisgarh 166-171
30. The Wonders of Computers 172-176
31. Disaster Management 177-182
 CHAPTER- 1
Let's Do A Survey
You may not find answers to certain questions in your textbook.But they do
have answers.For eg.How many families and how many people live in your village?
You must be thinking why is it necessary to know the number of families and
people living in your village. Have you ever thought of the different needs people
have, eg. water, electricity, food, clothing, material for construction of houses,
schools, hospitals etc. Greater the population, greater the needs. This would lead
to scarcity of resources. It is not just enough to know the needs but it is important
to find ways and means to fulfill it. Such information creates a base for solving
many problems. To collect such information we carry out is a survey.
Environmental Studies-5

Many times your teacher also carries out a survey. Find out from them,
the kinds of survey they do?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&s
Let's Find out
To find answers to such questions, let us carry out a survey. There are
certain things that you already know, but with the help of a survey you'll get more
information.

How to carry out a survey?

Firstly, divide yourself in groups of two's. Both partners should either be
neighbours or live in the neighbourhood.

Each group should visit at least 8-10 houses in a colony or a lane and collect
information. At least one group must visit a colony.

With the help of a survey, collect the following information

Table-1
S. Name of His No. of people Kuccha or People in the family use
No. the head of profession in the family a pucca wood/gas/coal/kerosene/
the family house cow dung cakes as fuel

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-

Now look at the table and answer the question :

How many families are there in your locality?
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2
 Let's Do A Survey

How many houses are there in your locality?

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How many kuccha and pucca houses are there in your locality?
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How many families in your locality use wood? How many use cow dung
cakes as fuel?
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How many families use cooking gas?
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How many families use kerosene as fuel?
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Look at the table and find out what is the major occupation of the people
in you locality ?
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Similarly, you can conduct a survey to collect information of many such things.
Survey of Crops
Table - 2
Find out the different crops grown in your area? When is it sown and reaped/cut?

Name of the crop Time of sowing Time of Reaping

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&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&
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3
Environmental Studies-5

On the basis of the survey conducted, answer the following questions-

Name the crops sown during monsoons.
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How are seeds, leaves etc. obtained from these crops and how are they
useful ?
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Name the crops sown after the monsoons.
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Survey on Pedestrians
One day, at a city crossing, Ramu and Iqbal counted the num-
ber of pedestrians. The survey was carried out from 4-5 in the evening.
The number of pedestrians counted is given below. Counting was
done like this- They would put a ^^A ** sign for one pedestrian pass-
ing by. For four they put ^^AAAA ** this sign. For the fifth pedestrian,
they drew a vertical line across it**AAAA**. Such signs are called tallies.
eg. for 13 pedestrians, the tally sign would be-**AAAA ]AAAA]AAA**.
Table -3

Area Women Men Total

1. From clock tower crossing to Victory pillar 63 135 198

2. From clock tower crossing to Moti Garden Crossing 52 203 255
3. From clock tower crossing to Railway station 09 196 205
4. From clock tower crossing to Teli Bandha crossing 60 227 287
5. From clock tower crossing to Gol Bazar 120 254 374

Looking at the table tell-

Which area has the least number of pedestrians/ What could have been the
reasons? Discuss.
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4
 Let's Do A Survey

Which area has the highest number of pedestrians?

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In which area did you find maximum number of female pedestrians ?
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What facilities should be provided to pedestrians on a crowded road so
that they can walk safely? Give suggestions.
Survey regarding pedestrians with the help of your teacher.
Representation of the data through sketches.
During your survey, you have seen that you have collected many data related
to the survey which you have shown in table-3. This data can also be represented
through sketches. Here we will deal with bar diagrams and pie charts.
Bar chart
This is made on a graph paper. Look at the picture given below. You see it is
made on a graph paper. It has two axis. The x-axis line is horizontal and the y-axis
line which is vertical. X-axis is always greater than y-axis. Their ratio can be 4:3,5:4
or 6:4. We find standing bars of y-axis on x-axis. All these bars have the same
width and are at equal distances on the x-axis. To indicate data through bar diagram
or bar chart we must determine the size value. Here one example of data is shown
through bar chart.
Example - Students of class V have been given prizes in different categories
which is shown below.
S.N. Prizes for No. of students who received the prizes
1 Discipline 40
2 Sports 30
3 Debate 10
4 Cultural Program 15
5 Scout/Guide 5
In the figure the prizes are represented on x axis and the number of students
receiving the prize is on y-axis. The size is determined as -[2 boxes = 1
student]

5
Environmental Studies-5

Graph - Bar chart

value = 2 boxes = 1 students

Symbols
Discipline
40
Sports
No. of Students

30 Debate
Cultural
Y axis

Program

20 Scout/Guide

10

0 1 2 3 4 5

X- axis
Prizes

Pie charts -
Pie chart is another form of representing data. When the data is given in
percentage we can easily represent it through pie chart. There are 360 degrees in a
circle. Here 3600 is taken as equal to 100%. To make a pie chart the value of
percentage is to be changed in to degrees. Come we will understand this with an
example.
The result of Primary Education Certificate examination is as follows
S.N. Class/ Grade Percentage of students passed
1 1st class (A Grade) 20%
2 2nd Class (B Grade) 50%
3 3rd Class (C Grade) 30%
At first we will change the percentage of the students passed in to degrees,
360
Formula for Changing the value of percentage is -  percentege
100
6
 Let's Do A Survey
As 100% = 360º
360
So 20% =  20
100
= 72º
in the same way
360
50% =  50
100
= 180º
360
30% =  30
100
= 108º
After changing the percentage to degrees, we draw a circle according to the
available space.
We draw a circle which is clear on the given space and looks good. Now we
draw lines measuring the degrees as per the values calculated.

20%
¼B-Grade½

¼A-Grade)
50%

72º
º
180

108º

30%
¼C-Grade½

Represent the data given below in a pie chart. Students of class 5 took part in
the following games -
Kabadhi - 20%
Cricket - 30%
KhoKho - 40%
Badminton - 10%

7
Environmental Studies-5

What have we learnt?

Oral
1.Why is the survey done?
Written
1. While conducting a survey, what are the things to be kept in mind?
2. What information can be inferred with the help of family survey?
3. Draw tallies for 17, 25, and 10.

Find Around you

1. Apart from the surveys mentioned in the book, find out some other surveys
carried out in your village.

2. Hobbies of the students of class-5 are as given below.

Singing 40 students
Reading 30 students
Acting 10 students
Gardening 20 students
Represent this data through a bar diagram or bar chart.



8
 CHAPTER- 2
Direction, Scale and Maps

In class IV you have learnt about directions and maps. Do you remember,
how you were taught to show directions on a piece of paper. Now you'll learn to
make different maps.

Make your direction arrow

For this you can take any of these - an old copy, a thick book cover, an old
postcard or a wedding card. On it, sketch direction arrows with the help of a pen
or a pencil and write the names of the four directions.
Carefully cut the arrows that you have drawn.
You can now keep the direction arrows in your bag for reference.
North

West East

South
Puzzle
The teacher gave the students a puzzle to solve which is as follows-
Babbar Singh has hidden his treasure in an iron box and buried it behind a
temple. He had put two locks on it. The keys were hidden in two different villages.
To find the keys and reach the hidden treasure, the instruction were as follows:
Environmental Studies-5

If you take the road to the North of Ramgarh, you'll come across the Arpa
river. On crossing this river, move to the East of the road and you'll reach Raghogarh.
To the south of Raghogarh, is a banyan tree.One of the keys were kept in a box, in
a hole in the banyan tree.
From Raghogarh, move to the north, and you'll come to a junction of three
roads. From there, turn West, move further to the West and you'll once again find
the Arpa River. To the West of the river and to the North of the road is Aasan
village. To the East of Aasan village is a huge stone. Beneath the stone you'll find
the second key. From Aasan village, move further to the West and you'll come to a
dense forest. Just before the jungle begins, take a turn towards the North, go straight
and you'll come to a pond. You can see a temple on a small island in the middle of
the pond. Behind this temple is the hidden treasure box.
As per the instructions given above a map was made. On the map, village
Ramgarh was marked. Though the other villages were drawn, they were not marked.
Pond island
Forest
Aason
village
Stone

Rag hogarh

Arpa River

Ramgarh

Now take the help of the direction arrow. On the map given, draw arrows to
show the route you'll take. Identify Raghogarh and write its names in the map. Also
mark the two places where the keys were found.

Draw a key and a treasure box where the treasure was found.

10
 Direction, Scale and Maps

A Map of Four Villages

Complete the map given below by indicating a narrow path connecting
Chandanpur to Chandpur.

North

Pipalya

Chandpur

Primary School

Badgaon
Chandanpur

On the map given, look for the narrow path which goes along the western
edge of Chandanpur to Badgaon.
With the help of arrows, mark the river which flows along Pipalya, touches
Badgaon and then passes through Chandpur and Chandanpur.
With the help of symbols draw a jungle in between Pipalya and Chandpur.
Now, draw a narrow path from Chandpur to Badgaon in a way that the
Primary school lies on its way.
Also show a hospital in the North of Chandanpur.

Sketches and Maps

Till now, you must have drawn many sketches. Normally, sketches are an
imitation of the real objects.

11
Environmental Studies-5

But on a map, the things are shown with

the help of signs/symbols.
In class IV lesson, 'Aazad Made a Map',
many signs and symbols were used.
Can you see the sketch of a classroom?
It shows all the things used in a classroom.
If you have a view of the classroom and the things
kept, from the ceiling, how would they look like?
The map is always drawn showing an aerial view.
Compare the given two pictures. From the pic-
ture given below, can you tell how the classroom
is arranged?
How is the Map Made?
When we draw a map, it is small in size.
For this, we use a scale. Symbols

door

window

Almirah/Cupboard

Black-board

Stairs

Picture of Geeta's school.

12
 Direction, Scale and Maps

Geeta drew a sketch of her school

which looks like this. There is a courtyard,
two classrooms and a headmaster's room.

One day, Geeta draw a sketch of her The sketch of

school. While sketching, she took into con- Geeta's school
sideration the length of each room. For this,
she collected match-sticks. She measured the three rooms with her footsteps. Each
match stick indicated a footstep which was taken to measure the length of the wall.
Similarly, she arranged matchsticks to indicate the length of the other walls.
On the basis of the sketch drawn by Geeta, tell the following:
Class I is_________ footsteps in length and __________ footsteps in width
Class II is_________ footsteps in length and _________ footsteps in width
Headmaster's room is_______ footsteps in length and ______ footsteps in
width
Courtyard is________ footsteps in width.
You have studied the sketch which Geeta had made of her school. Now, you
make a small sketch of your classroom. For this, you'll have to measure the length
and width of your classroom.
Give an approximate account of the length and breadth of your class-
room.
Measure it with your footsteps and make a note of it. Now you'll have
to change the footsteps into smaller scale. For this, we'll use match-sticks.
To draw a sketch of your classroom, consider a matchstick equivalent to the
measurement of one footstep. This is going to be your measuring scale (1 match
stick = 1 footstep)
Take matchsticks equal to the number of footsteps taken to measure the
length of your classroom. On a big sheet of paper arrange the matchsticks in line,
leave no space in between. Thus, the length and width of your classroom shall be
converted into a smaller scale using matchsticks.
First, let's draw the wall to the north of the classroom with the help of
matchsticks.

13
Environmental Studies-5

Measure the wall to the North with your footsteps and convert it into a smaller
scale using match sticks.
How many matchsticks were used to measure.
a) the wall to the north ________________
b) the wall to the east ________________
Now calculate the length and width of the wall to the south and the west, in
terms of matchsticks. In this way, make the four walls of the classroom with the
help of matchsticks. Now draw a line on all four sides with the help of a pencil and
remove the matchsticks.
Now indicate the things kept in the room, using symbols.
Using the same technique, prepare a sketch of your school.
Till now, you've used your footsteps as a tool for measuring length. Is
this an accurate way of measurement.
________________________________________________________
For accurate measurement, what tools should be used? Discuss with
your teacher and write.
________________________________________________________

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. In which direction is your house from the nearest crossing of your town or
village?
2. You have solved the puzzle. Where was the treasure box ?
Written
1. Sonu measured his room. The length being 10 feet and width 8 feet. He has
to draw its sketch. The length of the sheet of paper is 5 erasers and width 4
erasers. What measurement scale should he take?
2. Draw symbols for the following- well, river, path, temple, jungle and school.

Look around you

Draw a map of your Village Panchayat Hall, Hospital or a Playground.
Draw a sketch of the things of daily use as books, pen, pencil, rubber, chair,
table, school bags etc. or draw the sketch of a part of your school. Hang this
picture in your classroom.
Students can make sketches of any other items of their interest.

14 
 CHAPTER- 3
Roots and Leaves

Looking around, we get to see a lot of greenery around us. The plants and
trees, especially the leaves, contribute in making our surroundings green.
To have a look at these plants, go out to the nearby fields, grounds and
orchards with your teacher. Make sure, you carry an old newspaper, a note-book, a
pen and a bag with you.
Now divide yourself in groups of 4-5.

Arrangement of the leaves

Observe how the leaves are arranged on the plants and trees. Also observe
whether the leaves on different plants grow in a particular order or grow just here
and there.

Single leaf paired leaves

Alternative arrangement (opposite arrangement) bunched leaves
(circular)
Spiral form

Leaves on branches grow in three different ways. In some plants, you’ll see
only one leaf in one place. This type is called single leaf (or alternate arrangement).

15
Environmental Studies-5

In a few plants they come out in pairs. This kind of arrangement is called ‘paired
arrangement’ (opposite order). On the other hand, there are few plants which have
leaves growing in a bunch at a single place. This is called ‘bunch or assemblage’
(circular arrangement).
Now each group should collect different kinds of leaves fixed to tender
branches. Take care you cause no harm to the plant.Also uproot 8 to 10 plants.
Make sure you uproot only the wild plants. Don’t harm plants which are
useful to us.
Spread the leaves and the uprooted plants carefully between the pages of a
newspaper and press them gently. Write the name of the plant from which the leaf is
taken. Similarly, write names of the plants you had uprooted. If you are not familiar
with the name of any of the plants, ask your teacher, or a gardener or a farmer or a
knowledgeable person .Still, if you fail to identify give the plants the identity-
A B C D.
Study the roots
After coming back to your class, each group should sit together in a
circle.Observe the roots of the plants you had uprooted and draw them in your
note-books.

tap roots Fibrous roots

Are the roots similar in each plant ?

What difference can you observe in the two different kinds of roots shown
above?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

16
 Roots and Leaves

Compare
Looking at the picture write which category the roots of the uprooted plants
belong and tabulate them accordingly.
Table 1
S.No. Name of the plant Tap root Fibrous root

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Vein arrangement in leaves

Let us find another interesting fact about leaves. Carefully observe both the
sides of the leaves. You’ll see thread like veins in the leaves.
Are these veins seen all over the leaf?
____________________________________________________
The arrangement of veins in leaves in called ‘vein arrangement’ or venation.
In the picture given below observe how the veins are arranged in a leaf.

Parallel vein arrangement Net vein arrangement

Parallel venation Reticulate Venation

17
Environmental Studies-5

Which kind of Venation (vein arrangement) can you observe in the leaves
brought by you? Match the leaves to the picture given and write them in the table
given below. Mention which category each falls into.

Table 2

S.No. Name of the plant (Parallel vein arrangement) (Net vein arrangement)
(Parrallel Venation) ( Reticulate Venation)

1. Mango ................................ Reticulate

2. ......................... ................................ ................................

3. ......................... ................................ ................................

4. ......................... ................................ ................................

5. ......................... ................................ ................................

6. ......................... ................................ ................................

The relationship between roots and leaves

Till now you’ve learnt about leaves and roots. Now we’ll try to find out the
relationship between the two.
Observe the plants you had uprooted once again.
Now tell which plant has ___
What kind of Venation parallel or reticulate (vein arrangement) ?
________________________________________________________
What kind of root, Fibrous or tap ?
________________________________________________________
Till now you’ve observed the roots and the leaves and have filled Table 1 &
2. On the basis of this now fill in the table on the next page.

18
 Roots and Leaves

Table 3
S.No. Name Venation (Vein Arrangement) Type of Root
of plant Parallel Reticulate Tap Fibrous

1. Paddy/rice Parallel __ __ Fibrous

2. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

3. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

4. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

5. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Study the table given above and answer the following questions:
What Venation (vein arrangement) do the leaves of plants with tap
roots have?
________________________________________________________
What Venation (vein arrangement) do the leaves of plants with fibrous
roots have?
________________________________________________________
Can you see some kind of relationship between the roots of plants and
vein arrangement of leaves? Write in your own words.
________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Exhibition of leaves
Exhibit the leaves you had collected. Spread the leaves between a newspa-
per and put some weight on them. After every 2-3 days keep changing the newspa-
per. While changing, take care not to break the leaves. When the leaves are com-
pletely dry, paste them on a hard board and write their names below.

19
Environmental Studies-5

Picture of leaves

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. Which part of the plant is under the soil?
2. In which part of the plant are the veins found?
Written
1. With the help of a diagram, explain the different kinds of roots.
2. Name the different Venation (vein arrangements) found in leaves.
3. What is the difference in the Venation (vein arrangement) of a peepal leaf and a
grass leaf?
4. In which order are the leaves arranged on the branches of the following plant?
Draw them?
i. Channa / Bengal Gram ii. Mustard
iii. Rose iv. Peas
5. Name the kind of root and the Venation (vein arrangement) in leaves found in the
following plants-
i. Tomato ii. Wheat
iii. Bean iv. Marigold
6. What is the relationship between Venation (vein arrangement) in leaves and the
kinds of roots?
Look around and find
1. Look for plants with colourful leaves. What kind of vein arrangement do you
find in it?
2. Look for plants which secrete milk like substance.
3. Look for any two plants with spines in their leaves.

20

 CHAPTER- 4
Our National Symbols

India is a land of diversity. People of different religions, languages, dresses

stay together as one - 'Indians'. Despite these differences, there is only one
National Symbols eg. - National Flag, National Emblem, National Anthem, National
Song, National Bird- Animal and flower etc.
It is the duty of every citizen to respect the National symbols.These symbols
bind the entire Nation into one.

Our National Flag

Our National Flag is tricolour. It is a symbol of Nation's pride.
Write the three colours in our National Flag
1. ____________

2. ____________

3. ____________

On what occasions is the National Flag hoisted in your

school?
____________________________________________

How do you pay respect to your National Flag?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________
21
Environmental Studies-5

Each colour in our National Flag symbolises a different feeling-

Colour Feeling symbolised

saffron Courage and Sacrifice

white Truth and Peace

green Faith and Prosperity

In the centre of the National Flag is the wheel which symbolises motion, progress
and change.
Count and write the number of spokes in our National Flag?
_____________________________________________________________
What is the shape of our National Flag?
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
What is the colour of the uppermost strip of our National Flag?
_____________________________________________________________
Find out from your elders, what are the things one should keep in mind while
hoisting the National Flag.
1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________

Our National Emblem

Look at this picture carefully. This is our National
Emblem. It has been taken from the iron pillar at Sarnath,
built during the time of Ashoka. Below it is written "Satya
Meva Jayate", which means "Truth shall always triumph."
Look at the pictures given and tell-

22
 Our National Symbols

How many lions are there in our National Emblem?

_____________________________________________________________
Which sign stands common in our National Flag and Emblem?
_____________________________________________________________
Which two animals can you see on both sides of the wheel in the National Emblem?
_____________________________________________________________
Where else have you seen the National Emblem?
_____________________________________________________________
On a one, two, five rupee coin, see the side with the impression of a lion. How
many lions can you see?
_____________________________________________________________
There are four lions in our National Emblem but only three can be seen. To under-
stand this let us do an activity.
Activity
One of you should stand in a place. In front of him/her, at a little distance
away, four of your other friends should stand with their backs to each other. Now
ask your friend standing alone - how many faces can he see? Others should take
turns to see the number of faces visible. Similarly, the four lions in the National
Emblem stand facing their backs towards each other. From whichever side we look
at, we get to see only the three faces of the lions.
Our National Anthem
You must have memorised Jana Gana Mana.......
This is our National Anthem, It was composed by Rabindra Nath Tagore.
Now tell-
How should we stand while singing the National Anthem?
_____________________________________________________________

23
Environmental Studies-5

Fill up the table given, with the states, mountain ranges and the rivers men-
tioned in the National Anthem.
S.No. Name of rivers Name of Mountains Name of State
1.

2.

Our National Song

Vande Mataram..... is our National
song. Its lines were taken from a book titled
'Anandmath' written by Bankim Chandra
Chatterjee. This song instilled the feelings
of patriotism and freedom in the hearts of
the Indians, during the Indian freedom
struggle.
When do you sing the National Song in school?
________________________________________________________

Our National Animal

The tiger is our National animal. It is a symbol of strength and agility. In the

past, India could boost of many tigers. But their numbers have dwindled fast . So,
as an Indian, it is our duty to save our National Animal.

24
 Our National Symbols

Which project has the Government of India taken to save the tigers? Find
and write.
_____________________________________________________________
Our National Bird
Have you seen 'the peacock' in a jungle or a zoo?
This is our National bird. It is famous for its colourful
feathers. Find out more about this animal- for eg. what
does it eat? Where does it live? etc.
What is the difference between a peacock and a
peahen?
________________________________________
________________________________________

Our National Flower

You must have seen the lotus flower in ponds and tanks. This is our
National Flower. How is the stem and fruit of a lotus used?
_____________________________________________________________

25
Environmental Studies-5

For the entire country, there is just one Na-

tional Flag, National Anthem, National Song and
National Emblem. But different states may have
their own state bird, animal, flower etc. The state
animal of Chhattisgarh is the wild buffalo and
its state bird is the Pahari Maina.

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. On what occasions is the National Flag hoisted?
2. From where is our National Emblem taken?
3. What is written beneath the National Emblem?
Written
1. Describe the significance of the National Flag?
2. Why is it important to save tigers?
3. Name our National Symbols?
4. What was the importance of our National Song 'Vande Mataram' in the free-
dom struggle?
5. Write the name of the state animal and state bird of Chhattigarh.
Find Around you
1. Have a collection of stamps of different countries with their National Flag,
flower and animal on it.
2. Make a chart of pictures of different animals, birds, trees and flowers of
different states of India and display it in your class.
S.N. Name of state State animal State Bird State Tree
1 Chhattisgarh Bison Pahari Myna Teak
2
3
4

26
 CHAPTER- 5
Mosquitoes and Malaria

After many days, Chandu came to school today. He looked quite weak. His
friends enquired, what had happened to him. He told them that he had been suffer-
ing from malaria.
The children asked the teacher how malaria is caused? The teacher said,
"Let us ask Chandu first.

Chandu told them that at first he started shivering with cold, followed by
fever and body ache. When he was taken to the doctor, the doctor pricked a needle
in his finger to take blood sample for testing. He spread the blood on a glass slide
and kept it in a box.
The doctor asked them to take the report the next day. The next day, while
giving the report, the doctor confirmed that Chandu was suffering from malaria and
gave him some tablets.
The teacher asked Chandu - What kind of needle did the doctor use to take
the blood out ?
Chandu replied that the doctor took a new needle.
The teacher told them that these days for giving an injection or for taking blood
sample disposable needles are used.

27
Environmental Studies-5

Has anyone at home suffered from malaria? What was done after malaria
was diagnosed?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What are the common symptoms of malaria? Discuss it with your teacher
and write.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Mosquitoes and Malaria

You all must have suffered mischiefs of the mosquito. They buzz around
whole night. They bite badly and disturb our sleep many times.

Malaria is caused by a different kind of mosquito. The bite of this female

mosquito causes Malaria.

The female mosquito sucks blood from living creatures like - cows, oxen,
goats and humans. When it bites some one it sucks the blood very quietly. It is only
when it finishes sucking blood that we get to know of the bite.

Can you name some more creatures which suck blood ?

_____________________________________________________________

Do they also spread diseases? Ask your teacher about it ?

_____________________________________________________________

While sucking blood, the female mosquito pricks its sting in to the skin. To
prevent the blood from clotting it injects its saliva. The parasite which causes
malaria can be present in this saliva. If these germs enter human blood through the
saliva of mosquito the person may suffer from malaria in a few days. Male mosqui-
toes cannot bite as their sting is not sharp and piercing. It is necessary for the
malarial parasite to enter female mosquito again if it has to complete its life cycle.
If a person is already infected with germs causing malaria and is bitten by
female mosquito, then the germs are passed on into the body of the female mos-
quito. On biting another person, it transmits the germs into this body, thus, a female
mosquito spreads the germs of malaria from one person to another.
28
 Mosquitoes and Malaria

After the bite of a female mosquito, when these germs enter a human body, it
takes 10-15 days for malaria symptons to appear.

What should one do if one is suffering from malaria?

If a person is shivering with cold and has fever, he/she should immediately
be taken to the hospital.
How is malaria diagnosed in the hospital? Find out from a doctor or a
health worker.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Find out where malaria is tested in your area?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
It is important for a person suffering from malaria to take a full course of
treatment. If the full course is not taken it cannot be cured completely. The doctors
advice that while taking medicines for malaria, the patient must eat properly and
have lots of fruits, milk and water. At times a person suffering from malaria may
vomit. But one must not stop eating for fear of vomiting.

How to protect oneself from malaria?

To protect oneself from malaria, it is important to prevent the breeding of
mosquitoes.
In your area, is any insecticide sprinkled to kill mosquitoes?
_____________________________________________________________
In which season are the mosquitoes mostly found in your area? Think and
tell?
_____________________________________________________________
Find out the places in your surroundings where mosquitoes are found in
plenty ?
_____________________________________________________________

29
Environmental Studies-5

Study the mosquitoes

Catch hold of a big mosquito.
What all can you see in a mosquito?
______________________________
______________________________

Now look at the mosquito with a hand

lens.
How many legs and wings does a
mosquito have? Count and write.
______________________________
______________________________

Draw a mosquito in your note-book.

Do you know where mosquitoes lay eggs? In your surrounding area, look
for a place where you can find stagnant water. Observe this water carefully.

In this stagnant water, can you see a creature similar to the one shown in
the picture above.
_____________________________________________________________

Draw this in your note-book.

Take an empty glass bottle and fill it with water from a pond. Make sure that
the water filled in contains larva too.
Now tie the mouth of the bottle with paper or polythene and make holes for
the air to pass.
Keep the bottle in a safe place. Now watch the bottle everyday. Given below
are the different stages of the life cycle of a mosquito.

Can you find any mosquitoes inside the bottle?

_____________________________________________________________

30
 Mosquitoes and Malaria

eggs

larva

Bottle filled Mosquito

with pond-water

pupa

Life cycle of a mosquito

By now you must have understood where mosquitoes lay their eggs.
By only killing the mosquitoes, can you get rid of them? Or is it necessary to
kill the eggs & the larva too? Discuss in class and write.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Write the ways in which mosquitoes can be killed?

_____________________________________________________________

What should be done to prevent the breeding of the eggs and the larvae of
mosquitoes? Discuss with your friends and write.
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What efforts are made in your area by the Health Department to get rid of
mosquitoes?
_____________________________________________________________

31
Environmental Studies-5

While sleeping at night, many people use mosquito nets to prevent mosquito
bite. Some cover themselves with a thin cloth.
You must be using other ways of protecting yourself from mosquitoes. Write
about them ____________________________________________________
Apart from malaria, mosquitoes are carriers of other diseases as well.
Discuss it with your teacher or elders.

Why was glucose drip given?

Other than malaria another disease is vomit and loose motion.
All day long Neetu was vomiting continuously; she was also having loose
motion. Her mother made a drink with equal amount of salt and sugar dissolved in
water and gave it to Neetu. On finding no betterment in her health, her parents took
her to the doctor. The doctor asked them to admit her in the hospital and to give
her glucose drip. In school, during sports teacher has given glucose drink but what
was glucose drip and why ? Doctor said "Your body is weak as food and water is
not retained in your body. You have an upset stomach. With the glucose drip, you
will get strength without food and water."
• Was you or anyone in your family given glucose drip? When and Why? Tell
your friends about it?
• Why is sportsmen asked to drink glucose from time to time?

What is Anemia?
Deficiency of haemoglobin or iron in blood is known as anemia. To remove
deficiency of haemoglobin or iron doctors advice to give jaggery (gud), goose-
berry (amla) and green leafy vegetables along with the medicines. The normal range
of haemoglobin in blood is 13.5 to 17.5gm per decilitre for men and 12.0 to 15.5gm
per decilitre for women.

Ask any doctor or your elders and find out which food item have iron in
them.

32
 Mosquitoes and Malaria

What have we learnt?

Orals
1. Name any one disease caused by mosquito bite.
2. What steps will you take to prevent mosquitoes from breeding in your area?
3. Name the different stages in the life cycle of a mosquito.
Written
1. What is the cause of malaria?
2. How can we protect ourselves from mosquitoes?
3. What are the main symptoms of malaria?
4. What must one do if suffering from malaria?
Find and do
1. What steps should be taken to prevent mosquitoes from breeding?



33
Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 6
The Map Speaks
The town/village we live in is a part of the state of Chhattisgarh. Given below
is the map of Chhattisgarh.
Uttar
District of Chhattisgarh Pradesh
N Jharkhand

W E

S
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra

Odissa

Telangana
Andhra Pradesh

34
 The Map Speaks

There must be a big map of Chhattisgarh in your school. Hang it on a

wall and see.
Name the neighbouring states of Chhattisgarh?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How many districts are there in Chhattisgarh at present?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write the name of the districts which are to the north of Dhamtari?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Which is the largest district in Chhattisgarh?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Which is the smallest district in Chhattisgarh?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 In which district to your friends and relative live, Put a () tick mark on
those districts.
Put a () tick mark on the districts you have been visited.
Map of a district
Hang the map of your district on the wall of your classroom and look carefully.

In which district you live?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name the district to the east & west of your district.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find the district in which you live in the map. Write the names of the
neighbouring district to your district.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hang your district map observes it and answers.
Write the name of the tehsils of your district?
7. Locate your village, small town & city in the map?
_____________________________________________________________

35
Environmental Studies-5

If somebody comes to visit your district, then in your opinion, what are the
places one should visit and why?
_____________________________________________________________

INDIA
States and Union
Territories

36
 The Map Speaks

Map of India
Though India is a vast country which is hundreds of kilometres in length and
width, it is shown in a small size.
On the previous page is given a map of India. You must have seen this map
earlier. Tell where you’ve seen it?
There are many colonies in our villages and towns. Similarly, there are many
states in our country. In the map given, you can see all the states of India.
Identify the shapes of different states given below and write their names ?

Which are the neighbouring states surrounding the state of Chhattisgarh?

Look at the map, mention the direction of these states.
North _________ East _________
South _________ West _________

37
Environmental Studies-5

Look at the lower most tip of India on the given map. There is no state or
town shown beyond India’s borders? It is because there is sea on the southern side
of India.
Identify the sea on the sides of India and colour it blue.
On the map of India, you can see small dots. The dots indicates the location
of the capital of that state.
Chhattisgarh is surrounded by land on all sides. Is it the same for Andaman
and Nicobar Islands?
Nicobar is surrounded by water on all sides. A piece of land surrounded by
water on all sides is called an island.Look for more such islands in the map.

What have we learnt?

Oral Questions
1. When was the state of Chhattisgarh founded?
2. How many districts are there in Chhattisgarh?
3. On the confluence of which three rivers is the Rajim pilgramage situated, in
Chhattisgarh?
Written
1. Write the names of the neighbouring states of Chhattisgarh. Give their direc-
tions too.
2. Write the names of the coastal states of India.
3. On a map of India, mark the states and their capitals.

Look around

How many states and union territories are there in India? Make a list of their names
with their capitals.


38
 CHAPTER- 7
Snakes
We see different kinds of creatures around us.
Some are small, some big, some crawl, whereas some
run very fast. There are some animals whose name it-
self scares people. One of them is the snake.
After all, what is there in a snake?
Why are we scared of snakes?
________________________________________
Where do snakes live?
________________________________________
Draw a snake you’ve seen.

Have you ever come across a snake in your house or your friend’s house or in the
neighbourhood?
_____________________________________________________________
If a snake is seen in a house, what do people do to chase it out?
_____________________________________________________________
What do people do if a snake bites? Discuss and write.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

39
Environmental Studies-5

You yourself must be having several questions in your mind regarding snakes.
Make a list of some such questions that comes to your mind.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Find out from your teachers or elders as to how many kinds of snakes are found in
your area?
_____________________________________________________________
Can snakes hear?
_____________________________________________________________
Have you ever seen a cobra who seems to be dancing to the flute played by the
snake charmer?
Do, you think snakes can hear?
_____________________________________________________________
Actually, the cobra does not dance to the music of the flute. But, it dances as
per the movement of the flute. The cobra considers the flute a threat to him. It can
swing its head even at the sight of a moving stick or a piece of cloth.
To find out whether a snake can hear or not, a scientist conducted the fol-
lowing experiment.
• He bandaged a snake’s eyes and played the flute
in a room. The music of the flute had no effect
on the snake.
• Then he pulled a cot kept on the floor of the
room. The snake immediately raised its hood.
• He then removed the bandage from the snake’s
eyes and pretended to play the flute in front of
the snake. The snake started swinging to the
movement of the flute.
• He conducted the same experiment using a stick
instead of a flute. The snake still moved in the
same way.

40
 Snakes

On the basis of this experiment, think over the following questions.

Do snakes dance to the tune of the flute?

When farmers and labourers go to the jungle, they carry with them a stick or
a long staff. This, they bang on the ground while walking. People believe that by
banging the stick or the long staff on the ground, the snake senses danger and
moves away from there.

Can the snakes hear the banging of sticks or long staffs on the ground. Find out
from the farmers in your village.

_____________________________________________________________

Kinds of Snakes
Snakes are of two kinds:- a) poisonous, b) non-poisonous

The snake, on biting a person, injects poison into his body through its teeth
which is hollow like that of a needle of an injection. In its upper jaw there are two
pouches of poison.

When poisonous snakes bite they inject poison into a person’s body. That
poison can at times be fatal.

There is no poison in non-poisonous snakes. They only bite when they are
teased. But their bite not fatal.

Let’s identify the non-poisonous snakes with the help of pictures.

Green snake Python

41
Environmental Studies-5

Pitpiti Water snake

Poisonous snakes

Cobra- This brownish black coloured snake can be found, all

over India. It can be easily identified because of its hood. It is a
deadly snake.
The symptoms of a Cobra bites are as follows:
• The bitten place gets swollen and sometimes there is a
wound.
• The bitten person finds it difficult to see and his/her hands and feet start
trembling.
• The tongue thickens and the person finds it difficult to speak. Froth starts
coming out from the mouth.
• The person suffering from cobra bite feels sleepy and finds it difficult to
breathe.

Ordinary Krait ¼djSr½- The Krait comes out at night.It

is extremely shiny and has white diagonal stripes. Apart
from this, it has a row of hexagon shaped scales. They
live beneath stones, between bricks in brick kilns, in the
piles of fire-woods and cowdung cakes kept in the fields.

42
 Snakes

The symptoms of its poison is more or less the same as that of a Cobra,
except that there is no swelling or wound. At times, the symptoms appear very late
and suddenly the patient feels restless. Once the poison of krait reaches the body,
the victim experiences severe pain in his stomach and joints, followed by vomitings.
Krait normally bites at night. Because the symptoms appear very late, the
patient, at times go unnoticed. It is said that a person bitten at night by this snake,
does not live to see the morning sun. Hence, immediate treatment is a must.

Viper- Viper is approximately 1 meter long and has a flabby body. It is light
yellowish brown coloured and has a chain of
round rings on its body. It has a pointed head
and a thin neck. It is lazy and lies coiled up in
one place. It bites farmers when they work in
the fields during monsoons. Many bite cases
of viper during the harvesting of soyabean,
moong, urad etc. Its colour helps it to
camouflage in the dried leaves and crops.

The viper’s poison affects the blood

• Its poisonous teeth are big,so they leaves a deep wound.

• The blood flows out continuously from the wound.
• If timely vaccination is not given, the affected part gets infected.

43
Environmental Studies-5

Phoorsa/ Saw-Scaled viper- It is a small sized snake. This

uneven-scaled snake has big eyes, broad head and a heavy
body. It is commonly found in open places.
The symptoms of its poison are quite similar to that of a
viper’s. In comparison to the other poisonous snakes it ejects
less poison and hence, its bite is not fatal.

What should and what should not be done if bitten by a snake?

• Do not let the bitten person get excited. He/she should
remain calm.
• Tie a piece of cloth, above and below the bitten place. Tie it
in such that the index finger be put through.
• Give the person hot drinks like tea, coffee etc. Give him a
pain killer and mental support.
• Rush the patient immediately to the hospital and do not
waste time on charms and incantations and getting the evil
spirits expelled.
• Do not let the person run, fall
asleep or ride a bicycle or a mo-
torcycle.
Vaccination given to neutralize
the effect of a snake’s poison is readily
available in the hospital.

Is the vaccination to neutralise the effect of snake’s poison available in your

nearest government hospital.
_____________________________________________________________

If somebody is bitten by a snake, advice to rush him to the hospital.

_____________________________________________________________

44
 Snakes

What do people who perform charms and incantations do to a person bitten

by a snake? Find out. If bitten by a snake, do not believe in expelling the evil
spirits.
_____________________________________________________________
In every village or town you’ll come across someone who treats people
bitten by snakes. Charms are commonly used to neutralize the affect of snake’s
poison. There are people in town who claim to neutralize its effect on telephones
too. Such names can be seen on name board hanging here and there giving their
contact address and numbers. Though people who indulge in driving away evil
spirits claim to neutralize the snake’s poison, many a time they fail to save the lives.
Now tell, if a person has been bitten by a non-poisonous snake, will the
poison enter his/her body?
______________________________________________________________
If a person bitten by a non-poisonous snake is treated by a person who
claims to be an expert in driving away evil forces, will he survive or not?
_____________________________________________________________
When a person bitten by a non-poisonous snake is taken to the hospital, he
is not given any anti-poison vaccination. Only his wounds are treated and he given
pain killers to over come the pain caused due to snake bite.

Find out whether a person bitten by snake was cured after being taken to
the person who drives away the evil spirits?
_____________________________________________________________
At times a person bitten by a non-poisonous snake dies or falls unconscious
due to shock.

Snakes our Friends too

Snakes are great friends of farmers. They eat the rats and other creatures
who destroy the crops in the fields. Find out in what ways are snakes helpful.

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. How can we protect ourselves from snakes?
2. Are all snakes poisonous?

45
Environmental Studies-5

Written
1. What should one do if bitten by a snake?
2. Classify the snakes mentioned here into two categories- poisonous and non-
poisonous.(Black cobra,Python Saw-scaled viper, Two headed snake, Krait
viper,Green snake, Cobra )
3. Draw a Cobra and write its special features.
4. Write the difference between a viper and a karait.
5. What are the symptoms of snake bite?
Look around
1. Find out from your elders, snakes found around you.
2. Who are the person other than snake charmers who depend on animals for
their livelihood?


46
 CHAPTER- 8
Bank

Everyone is engaged in some work or the other. Whether one is an artisan or

a farmers, labourer or an industrialist, employee or an officer; all are paid wages
for their work. Some amount is spent on household necessities and the balance
money is kept as savings for the future.
Find out where people deposit the money that they save?

One day Lalita went to a bank with her mother. Her mother took a withdrawl
form from the clerk, filled it up and submitted it. The clerk after receiving the form
gave her mother a coin like token. After some time a clerk called out her mother's
name from the Cash cabin box. Lalita's mother gave him the token and she re-
ceived the money in return Lalita wanted to know how money is deposited and
withdrawn in a bank. Her mother told her that first she should open an account
before by depositing some money. The money desposited is safe in the bank. In
times of need the money can be withdrawn.
Where do you have a bank? What is the name of the bank?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Do your parents have an account in a bank?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
47
Environmental Studies-5

Ramesh's mother is a teacher in a school. Every month her salary is depos-

ited in the bank. Whenever she needs money,she goes to the bank and withdraws it.
Your money desposited in the bank is not only safe but you also earn an
interest on it. eg. Ramesh's mother has Rs. 5000/- in her account. She'll get interest
on it. If this amount is kept at home, it will neither increase nor will it be safe.
Discuss with your parents or teacher 'what is interest?' and write what you
have understood.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Any one can open an account in the bank.- a shopkeeper, green grocer,
labourer, officer, lawyer, doctor, farmer etc. At the time of opening the account, a
passbook is issued. It has all the details of the money deposited and withdrawn.
Find out from your elders or teachers, the necessary documents required
at the time of opening an account.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
An account in which one can withdraw the money as and when he/she wishes
is called 'Savings Account'. The pass book for such an account has 'Savings
Account' written on it.
It is a rule that the "Saving Account" must have a minimum amount in it.
What is the minimum amount which is to be compulsorily deposited in the
banks of your town/village? Find out from your teacher.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Faiza's father is a sculptor. He sells beautiful things made of clay. He depos-
its the balance money left after the household expenses in the bank. As he has been
continuously depositing his savings in the bank he now has Rs. 10,000/- in his
account. A bank clerk advised him to deposit his saving in Fixed Deposit for a
fixed period of time. He also told him that he would get more interest in fixed
deposit. Faiza's father, as advised by the clerk, deposited his saving in Fixed De-
posit for a period of five years. After five years, he got his principal amount of Rs.
10,000 back along with a good amount of interest. This is how the Principal amount
keeps increasing.
What is the maximum limit of keeping your money in fixed deposit
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
48
 Bank

What are the other accounts that can be opened in the bank? Find out.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
How to deposit and withdraw money from the bank?
There are different forms for withdrawl and desposit of money.
Given below is a form for depositing money. Read it. If someone has an
account in the bank and wants to deposit money, he will have to fill up this kind of
form.
Fill up the given form yourself.

Get a deposit form from a bank nearby and try to fill it.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
There is another rule in the bank- A third person can deposit the money but
cannot withdraw it.
49
Environmental Studies-5

If at all the money has to be withdrawn, it cannot be possible without the

signature of the accountee.
A copy of specimen signature of the accountee is with the bank. Illiterate
people have to give their thumb impression. Whenever a person withdraws the
money, his signature or thumb impression is verified. If the signature or the thumb
impression do not match the specimen signature/ impression, the bank refuses to
give the money.
People who are illiterate put their thumb impression,in place of their
signature .
Does the thumb impression vary from
person to person?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
You along with your five friends take
chances to put your right thumb impression in a
copy. Now, carefully observe the thin inner lines.

Are these thin lines the same in all the

impressions?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Another important thing is that no over writing or cutting is permitted in any
of the bank forms. If any overwriting is done, the form is rejected. Hence, the form
should be carefully filled up.

Withdrawals using a Cheque

There is another provision for withdrawing of money. For this the accountees
or account holders are given cheque books. If the accountee has to make payment
to somebody instead of giving him money he can give him a cheque of the same
amount. For example. Faiza's father has to make purchases for his work, he does
not carry money but a cheque book. He makes his payments by cheque. Similarly,
out station payments can also be made by cheque and delivered by mail.

Money transaction by shopkeepers, traders etc. is made by cheque. For eg.

a trader Govind Singh, gives a cheque of Rs. 20,000 to Nirmala Sahu. This cheque
50
 Bank

belong to Rajasthan Bank Ltd. When this cheque will reach Nirmala Sahu, she'll go
to the bank, deposit the cheque and the bank shall give her the money. This cheque
is like money. But there is one risk. By mistake, if you happen to lose it, the finder
can easily withdraw the money.
To encounter this problem, there is a solution. A cheque with two lines
across on the left shows that it can only be deposited in the concerned account at a
bank and no other person can withdraw the money.
Now this cheque can be deposited only in Nirmala Sahu's account. Even
Nirmala Sahu cannot receive the money directly. This cheque will be deposited in
Nirmala Sahu's account.

Another way of withdrawing money

These days, bankers in town have provided fa-
cilities for their customers by opening centres, called
ATM (Automated Teller Machine) , for the transac-
tion of money. For this, the accountee is given a card.
With the help of this card, the accountee can with- ATM Card
draw money from any of the bank's ATM centre.

Niranjan lives in Ambikapur. All of a sudden

he had to go to Jagdalpur. He had money just to
buy his ticket.He thought that on reaching Jagdalpur,
he would withdraw money with his ATM Card. He
reached Jagdalpur and at 10 PM withdrew Rs. 5,000/
- from the ATM.

If, someone you know has an ATM card, you

must see it. Find out how money is withdrawn
from the ATM? ATM Centre

51
Environmental Studies-5

Till now we've talked about how to withdraw money from the bank.

Loan from the Bank

Another important work of the bank is to give loans in times of need. Karim
works in a factory. He does not have enough money to buy a house by giving full
payment in cash. Karim went to the bank and discussed the matter with the man-
ager. The bank manager told him that he could get a loan of Rs. 2 lacs. Karim
bought a house with the help of the bank. To repay the loan, Karim pays back the
money to the bank in instalments. In this way, Karim shall be able to repay the loan
with interest in 10 years.
For what all purposes can a loan be taken from the bank? Find out.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Adhar Card - Right of Common Man
A unique 12-digit number is allotted to each & every Indian Citizen. This number
in form of a card known as ADHAR CARD is allotted to all Indian citizens by the
Indian Government. This ADHAR Card be used throughout India as an
identification card for that individual Indian citizen.

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. How many types of accounts can be opened in a bank?
2. What is current account?

52
 Bank

Written
1. Write, what are the advantages of a bank?
2. What all documents are required to get a 'Saving Account' opened?
3. What are the different facilities for the withdrawl of money from a bank?
4. How is ATM facility useful?
5. Why are signatures/thumb impression taken in banks?

Find and do
1. Collect information on how a bank works. You can visit a bank in your
neighbourhood.
2. Visit a post office or hospital along with your friends or your elders and
collect information about their work and system.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 9
An Autobiography
of the Mahanadi
You must have all seen a river and must have strolled along its banks and
taken a dip.
Come, let’s hear the story of Mahanadi in its own words.
Children, I am Mahanadi, Chhattisgarh’s most important river. Before I be-
gin my story, let me ask you a few questions.

Is there any river near your village or town. If yes, then collect the following
information from your elders or teachers.
What is the name of the river?
______________________________________________________________
What is the source of that river?
______________________________________________________________
Where does the river fall ?
______________________________________________________________
Does any other river join it or does it have any tributaries?
______________________________________________________________
Is it filled with water through out the year?
______________________________________________________________
Name the villages/towns situated on its banks?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

54
 An Autobiography
of the River Mahanadi

Now, carefully look at the map given below. You must have seen that I
emerge from the Sihava hills which is in the Dhamtari District. At the source, I look
like a narrow stream. If you’ve identified the place, then mark it.

Ratanpur
Janjgir

Tala

Shivrinarayan
Mahanadi

Bilaigarh

Pujari Pali

Turturia
Palari
Jonk Nadi
Nagpura
Sirpur

Durg
Arang
Rajim

Shivnath Nadi

Dhamtari Pairi Nadi

Mahanadi Sondur

Sihava

Now look at the map and find out the villages/towns situated on my banks.
______________________________________________________________

On the map colour them with different colours.

55
Environmental Studies-5

The Gangrel Dam (Ravishankar Sagar Project) , in Dhamtari, is full of my

waters. Find out Gangrel Dam in the map- My importance has increased ever since
this dam has been constructed. Its water is used for irrigation which has helped
increase crop production. The production of electricity could also be started due
to the construction of this dam.
From Dhamtari in Chhattisgarh, I reach Rajim, an important centre of
pilgrimage. Here, two more rivers - the Pairi and the Sondhur, merge into me.
Look for these rivers in the map.
Rajim has become more important due to the confluence of these three
rivers. This place is a host to a fair during Mahashivratri, every year. Discuss with
your teacher about this fair.

From Rajim, I further move to Aarang and reach Sirpur. The Lakshman
temple, the Ravi temple and the Gundheshwar Mahadev temple at Sirpur are very
famous. From Sirpur, I reach Shivrinarayan. Before entering Shivrinarayan, river
Shivnath joins me. After this, I enter, Maa Chandrahasini Devi’s holy place,
Chandrapur, where another river the Mand merges into me.
While marking on the map you must have realized how long my journey is.
You’ve seen how I emerge from the East of Chattisgarh and enter into the
neighbouring state of Orissa.
56
 An Autobiography
of the River Mahanadi

On me at Sambalpur in Orissa, is situated a huge dam, Hirakund.

Like other rivers, I too carry silt, stones, pebbles, sand along my course.
The silt brought by me is very fertile and thus useful. The silt found along my banks
is used for farming and potters make clay vessels and toys with it.
You must have eaten the watermelons that grow along my banks.

Find out the names of other fruits/vegetables that are grown on the river
banks.
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

How do I appear in the delta region of Orissa? Find out. Here I’m divided
into small streams. The silt that I carry along my course deposits on my banks.
This makes the land fertile. From here, I, with all my big and small branches flow
into the Bay of Bengal.

Have you ever been to a river side? If yes, then where? What all did you see
there?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

I’m sure you must not have littered my banks. This reminds me that there are
people who bathe, immerse flowers and idols on my banks. They also throw
polythene bags and bottles in me.
The city sewage and industrial waste also flow into me. The continuous flow
of filth in me has made my water impure. My water can no more be used for
drinking for which I become very sad. After listening to my story, I am sure, that
you will not pollute me or other rivers any more.

What kind of waste flows into the river and ponds of your area?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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Environmental Studies-5

When dams are constructed on a river, a large wall is placed on the river. Due to
which a large number of neighbouring villages are flooded. For rehabitation of
these villagers, they are provided places to live, school, electricity, hospitals, bus,
train facilities.
Think and answer.
What are problems faced by people living in the dam area?

What have we learnt

Oral
1. What is the source of river Mahanadi?
2. Name the three town/cities situated on the banks of river Mahanadi.
Written
1. Where is the Hirakund Dam situated?
2. What are the advantages of a dam?
3. Name the tributaries which flow into River Mahanadi in Rajim.
4. At which point does the journey of River Mahanadi end?

Find out
1. Look for an autobiography of a river which flows near where you live.You
can take the help of books or find out from your teachers or friends.
2. What can you do to save the rivers and ponds around you from being
polluted?



58
 CHAPTER- 10
How is iron made?

You must have used things made of iron either in your house, fields,
factories, stations shops etc.

Fill in the table given below with things made of iron. Write its uses as well.

Table-1

Things made of iron Its uses

There was a time when man did not know the use of iron.

What kind of life did man lead before the discovery of iron? Find out from
yours teachers or elders and write in your own words.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

A blacksmith makes things of iron. In your village you must have seen a
blacksmith making various things of iron.

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Environmental Studies-5

Name the things that are made by a blacksmith.

1. .....................

2. .....................

3. ....................

4. ....................

5. ....................

6. ....................

Write in your own words, what a blacksmith does

to make these things.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Have you ever thought from where do we get this iron from? Let's find out.

The same question was haunting Ram Singh. He asked this question to his
uncle, who happens to work in an iron factory. He told Ram Singh, that iron is
obtained from iron ore which is dug from the mines. The raw material, i.e. the iron
ore is then taken to factories where it is processed and made into iron.

From where is iron ore obtained in Chhattisgarh?

Iron ore is found in abundance in the mines of Chhattisgarh. Raw iron is also
called 'iron-mineral'. It is found under the ground in the form of rocks. It is dug out
from the mines. The mineral is of two types - one of red colour and the other
blackish-brown.

The iron - ore rocks are very hard to break. Hence, a number of labourers
work day and night to break them. To break the rocks, holes are drilled through
them and filled with gunpowder. The site is cleared of people before blasting.

60
 How is iron made?

Uttar
District of Chhattisgarh Pradesh
Jharkhand
N

W E

S
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra

Odissa

Iron Ores

Factory

Telangana
Andhra Pradesh

Iron ore, extracted from the earth, is then loaded in trucks, tractors etc. and brought
to factories.

Look at the map given and mention the following in the table given below with the
help of the teacher :

a) Districts where iron is found.

b) Districts with iron factories/steel plants.

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Environmental Studies-5

Table-2

S.No. Districts where iron ore is found Districts with iron factories

1- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
2- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
3- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
4- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
5- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
6- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------

Factory
Have you ever seen a factory where iron is made from iron ore? If yes,
then where?
...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

A factory is a place where hundreds

and thousands of workers work day and
night. In a factory, the things manufactured
are not for a few but for many people. For
example in a cloth mill, the cloth
manufactured in a day can fulfill the
requirement of a village. This means that a
factory is a place, where things are
produced at a large scale.

62
 How is iron made?

Can you think of a few things that can be manufactured on a small scale at
home but for those things factories are also there?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

What are the things required to run a factory? Find out from your teacher,
how and from where they are supplied?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Bulk of iron is manufactured everyday in an iron factory. For this iron ore is
required. There is a large iron factory in Bhilai, in the district of Durg, of Chhattisgarh.
Does anyone from your area work in this factory ? Collect some more
information from him, like - How much iron is made everyday? How much water is
required? etc.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
Appoximately, 55 thousand workers work in this factory. This factory is in
Bhilai, situated near river Shivnath. Due to the size of the factory and the number of
people working there, a beautiful city has developed in Bhilai.
Find out from your teacher, why most of the factories are situated near a river?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
Also find out the number of workers working in other factories of Chhattisgarh?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

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Environmental Studies-5

Is there a factory in your neighbourhood? What does it manufacture? How many

people work in it?
...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

How is iron made in factories?

First and foremost, lumps of iron are broken into small pieces.

It is then melted in a revolving coal furnace with extremely high temperature.

When the mineral is heated in the furnace, its impurities get burnt and escapes
from the chimneys along with the smoke and pure molten iron is obtained. This iron
is very soft and hence is called 'sponge iron'.

The iron that we take in use must be hard and durable. Just think, if the nail
that is fixed on the wall softens what will happen?

To make the sponge iron hard and durable, some more minerals are added to
it. After mixing it, it is again heated in the furnace to the extent of melting it. This iron
is now made to cool.

The melted iron is put into moulds to make iron rods, railway tracks, wheels
of a train etc.

Iron, manufactured in these factories is sent to different parts of the country

through rail, trucks etc.

Safety of the employees

There are big furnaces and machines in the factories. The temperature in
these furnaces is extremely high to melt the iron. Minute stone particles come out of
the fast moving machines. Hence it is essential for people operating these machines
to take safety measures.

64
 How is iron made?

What safety measures are taken in

the factories? Find out.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

The picture shows a worker

working in an iron factory. Looking
at it, tell the safety measures taken?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Pollution
The iron factories emit smokes and dust particles, which settle in the
neighboring jungles, fields and village. The dirty water which comes out from these
factories pollute the nearby soil and crops. People living in the surrounding areas
are prone to many diseases because of the dust and smoke. To ensure that air,
water and land are not polluted, the government has enforced strict rules.

Is there a factory in your neighborhood? If yes, then what are the

problems that have come up because of it?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
To control pollution, have the people taken any action against such
factories?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
According to you, what measures should be taken to control pollution
caused due to these factories?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

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Environmental Studies-5

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. Name the famous steel factory in your state.
2. Name the machine used to join iron mesh on an iron gate.
3. Name the iron furniture, most commonly used these days.

Written
1. Why should more and more trees be planted near factories and industries?
2. How is sponge iron made?
3. Name the places in Chattisgarh from where iron ore is obtained?

Find Around you

1. List some other factories in your surrounding area.



66
 CHAPTER- 11
The Jungles of Chhattisgarh

The jungle of Chhattisgarh

Were explored by Uncle's binoculars.
Birds at a place
Appeared near and easy to trace.
Uncle climbed a tree
And saw panthers there.
Then suddenly Kalu, the monkey
Played tricks and looked funny.
Make a note in your diary of animals that your uncle saw in the jungle.
29th April 2005
Today, it was quite hot. The local tribals were collecting honey in the jungle.
I talked to them. They told me a lot of interesting things about the jungle which
were unknown to me. They told me about the living creatures of the jungle and also
the use of many wild plants.

20th June 2005

It was wonderful day today. I saw many

species of plants, insects and birds. I saw an
insect eating a bug.

There was a spotted bird catching a fish.

For the first time I got to see a birds nest.

67
Environmental Studies-5

21st Sept. 2006

It was raining today. All the creatures of the jungle hid themselves in the
cluster of trees. The thick vegetation was preventing there creatures from strong
rain showers. There was total silence in the jungle. Because of the rain, even the

Have you ever been to a jungle?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What have you seen in a jungle?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draw a jungle scene in your
notebook.
Come, let's find more about the
jungles of Chhattisgarh.
Part of Chhattisgarh has thick
jungles whereas some parts have scanty
vegetation. There are a variety of trees
in these jungles. To name a few, we have
Sal, Sagaon(Teak), Mahua, Sheesham,
Haldu, Amla, Bamboo etc.

Sal Forests
Sal trees are most commonly found in the jungles
of Ambikapur and Jashpur in Chhattisgarh. These areas
experience heavy rain fall resulting in thick vegetation.
Though a variety of trees grow here, sal is found in
abundance. Hence, there jungles are named after the 'Sal'
trees as,the Sal jungles
The sal jungles are recognized by these tall trees.
Its bark is black, hard and twisted.

These trees shed their leaves in the months of

March-April and look green all the year round. Such
trees are called evergreen trees. These forests look green
Sal Tree
and remain cool even in summers.

68
 The Jungles of Chhattisgarh

Apart from clay, sal trees require hot

and wet climate to grow.
Use
Sal wood is used in construction. As it
is firm and durable, it is used for making doors,
windows furniture etc. It is waterproof and
hence is durable. Earlier, its wood was used
for laying rail tracks and making sleepers.
Today, sleepers are made of cement or
Flowers and leaves of sal
concrete. Apart from this, sal is also used for
making bridges, boats, tools and implements. Its bark and leaves are used in leather
industry. Its juice 'ral' is extracted to prepare incense, shoe polish, medicines for
ear problems etc. The oil extracted from its seeds is used in making soap.

If you come across a sal tree, you must observe its bark, leaves, flowers,
fruits etc.

If you happen to find sal wood, just look at it and tell how its colour is?
.......................................................................................................................
How are the different parts of Sal used? (eg. its bark, seeds, fruits and
leaves)
.......................................................................................................................
Find out what are the things which are made with sal wood?
.......................................................................................................................
Sagaon jungles
The sagaon jungles are found in the south-west areas of
Chattisgarh. There trees remain green only for a few months
after the monsoons. By the end of winters, its leaves dry up and
by summers the trees shed their leaves. As a result, the sagaon
jungles look withered and deserted during the summer season.
How are the various parts of sagaon tree useful? Find
and write. Flowers and
..................................................................................................................... leaves of teak

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Environmental Studies-5

Apart from sal and sagaon, many other trees like

Sheesham, Mahua, Kher, Bija, Saja, Tendu, Bamboo,
Arjun, Palash, Mango, Tamarind etc; are also found in
these jungles. Tendu leaves, mahua, tamarind are means
of livelihood for the local people. Many herbal plants
are also found here. This is why Chhattisgarh is called
the herbal state.
Many other varieties of trees are also found
in these jungles. Find out from your elders how their
leaves, wood, flowers, fruits etc. are useful to us.
Fill up this information in a tabular form.
If the deforestation goes on how will the wild life
Sagon Tree
survive? Think and write.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
Find out from elders at house whether the jungle have increased or
decreased in comparison to the past. If at all they have decreased then-
a) How has it affected the local tribals?
.....................................................................................................................
b) How has it affected the wild life?
.....................................................................................................................
Do you know that the elephants are killed for their horns (ivory).In the same way
rhino for horn and tiger, crocodile and snakes for their skin are killed. In our country
Tiger and in our state animal Bison and state bird PahariMaina's numbers have
lessened so much that our government is protecting many forests to conserve
these birds and animals. In these forest, people are prohibited to harm animals and
the forest. These are known as sanctuaries.
Find out where are the sanctuaries for conservation of animals in our state.
Conservation of Forests
Cutting of trees is banned in forest. If the forest catches fire it causes

70
 The Jungles of Chhattisgarh

heavy loss. Hence, the workers of the forest department regularly

clean the dry grass leaving patches of clean ground in the centre.Care
is taken that no damage is caused to the trees by bugs and insects.
What have we learnt
Oral
1. Name the districts of Chhattisgarh, where we find dense forest.
2. How is the Sal wood useful to us?
3. Name the trees found in the forests of Chhattisgarh.
Written
1. Why is the Sal tree so special?
2. Why is Chhattisgarh called the herbal state?
3. Name the creatures found in these jungles.
4. How can deforestation affect us?
5. Compare the forests of sal and sagaon on the basis of the following tittes-

No. Title Sal Sagaon

1. Districts where they are found
2. Use of bark
3. Use of wood
4. Use of seeds
5. Time when they shed their leaves

Find around
1. What are the reasons for deforestation in your surrounding areas?
2. Find out from your elders the creatures found in these jungles.


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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 12
Magic with Mirrors

Every house has a place for me. While

combing your hair you look at the mirror. You
can see me in a barbers shop. I am called by
different names mirror; or looking glass.

Discuss and write the name of places

where a mirror is commonly required.
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------

Apart from looking at oneself, there are many interesting activities you can
do with a mirror. Do these activities yourself.

Get a mirror from home when this chapter is taught to you. It is necessary
to have a mirror for such experiments. Also get a mirror strip of 9 cms length
and 8 cms. width. You can get such a strip act at a glass shop. Do this experiment
yourself.

Experiment -1 Right-Left?
Every day you look at the mirror. Do we look exactly what we are? Look
carefully, where our right hand appears in the mirror.

When you comb your hair with your right hand, which hand do you see
lifted in the mirror? Right or left?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

72
 Magic with Mirrors

Experiment -2
If you close your right eye which eye will close in the mirror?

Write your name in a note book at book at it through the mirror.

How does your name appear in the mirror? Write exactly how it appears.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Experiment -3

Now write your name, class etc. exactly as each letter was reflected by the
mirror. Can your friend read it or not? Now look at the mirror. What ever has been
written by you, is it correct?

You must have seen letters written in mirror image in an ambulance or a fire
brigade so that they could be read if looked through a mirror.

Are there some letters in Hindi that appear the same when looked at the
mirror? Think and write and look at them in the mirror.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Are there some letters in English that appear the same when looked at the
mirror? List such letters.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Experiment -4

Keep two mirrors as shown in the

picture and place any small object in the
centre like pencil, candle, eraser or a Pebble.

Now tell, how many images can you

see in both the mirrors.
------------------------------------------------

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Environmental Studies-5

Experiment -5 mirror magic

Given below are few pictures. There is a rectangular box at the top
on left hand side. Keep the strip of mirror on images which would help to
make the pattern given in the rectangular box.
1
2

3
4
5
6 7
9
10
8

Number the pictures with which the pattern could be completed.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Turn upside down

Place the mirror on the square box in different ways.. Now keep changing
the position of the mirror. Out of the patterns given below, (frame 1 to 10) which
pattern can be formed. 1

2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10

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 Magic with Mirrors

Experiment -6 complete the Half leaf

Given below are pictures of two half leaves. Both
the leaves have been cut into halves differently. The point
from where it had been cut is a line. Keep a mirror on the
broken lines of both the figures.

On looking at the mirror, which leaf appears to be

complete?

Now bring few things from outside. Divide them

into halves differently. Keep the mirror from where it has been halved and see if it is
the same shape or a different one.?

Experiment -7 Reflection of Colours or game of colours.

Fill half a bowl with water. Now place the mirror strip in the bowl as shown
in the picture. Now keep it facing the sun so that the sun rays fall on the mirror
strip. The light reflected by the mirror should now reflect on a white wall.

What can you see on the wall?

------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
What colours can you see on the
wall? Find out the order of the
colours and draw its picture.
-------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
Colours of Rainbow- Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow. Orange and Red.

Rainbow

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Environmental Studies-5

Experiment -8 Make your own Kaleidoscope

Till now you have conducted experiments using mirror strips. Now, let us
make a Kaleidoscope with the help of mirror strips.
Take three strips of mirror. Tie them as shown in the picture. The side of the
mirror which reflects the image should face inside only.
Now tie polythene on one
side of the mirror strip. The
polythene used should be
transparent.
Û Now fill it with pieces of
coloured bangles.
Û Now tie polythene on the
other end also.
Your Kaleidoscope is ready. Look
at it from one side and keep
rotating. How does it look?
Draw patterns of different pictures that you have seen.

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 Magic with Mirrors

Given below are some half pictures. List the pictures which can be completed
with the help of a mirror and which cannot.

What have we learnt

Oral
1. Which are the places where mirror is used?

Written

1. Tell how the following letters would look in a mirror.

v b A B O B C
2. How many colours are there in a rainbow?

3. Why is 'AMBULANCE' written in letters in mirror image?

Find and Do
1. Look for things around you in which you can see your reflection.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 13
The Skin

All living beings have an outer covering on their body, called skin. It is one
of our sense organs and hence is sensitive to touch. We immediately get to know if
a thorn pricks our feet. Even if somebody touches us, we can feel it.
What else does our skin help us to feel. Fill up the table below:
What happens? You feel it or not?
If a fly sits on your body ---------------------------------
when wind blows ---------------------------------
When it is dry/wet ---------------------------------
If a thorn pricks you ---------------------------------
When it is hot/cold ---------------------------------
When you are hungry/thirsty ---------------------------------
If a thing is circular or square ---------------------------------
When it is light or dark ---------------------------------
Colours ---------------------------------
Whether smooth/rough ---------------------------------
Whether soft/hard ---------------------------------

What problems would you have to face, if there is no skin?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Is the skin on the various parts of the body equally sensitive to touch?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

78
 The Skin

Experiment
Let's do an experiment. For this, you'll require 3-4 friends Blindfold one of
your friend and ask him/her to put his/her feet on a white sheet. Now sketch the
outline of his feet. Now ask him to sit with his legs stretched out so that his sole
could be seen in the front. Now touch the various places of his sole with a pointed
leaf. Take care that you press the leaf at different points with equal intensity. The
blindfold must say 'yes' whenever he experiences touch. Ask another friend to
keep marking the pressed points on the white sheet. Repeat it all over the sole.
Whenever he does not experience touch, mark that area on the sheet with a 'x'.

Which part of the sole is more sensitive to touch?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Environmental Studies-5

Which part of the sole is not sensitive to touch?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Skin and sweat

An important function of the skin is to
throw out waste water in the form of
sweat.
In which part of your body do you
sweat more?

----------------------------------------------

When do you sweat more?

----------------------------------------------

How is sweat useful for the body? Discuss this with your teacher.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Our Skin
On what part of the body do you have more hair?
Do all creatures have hair on their body?
Write names of two creatures who have hair on their body?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Creatures who have a hard covering on their skin.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Creatures whose skin is covered with feathers.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

80
 The Skin

Creatures who have scales on their skin.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You must have seen a snail. When it moves, it takes out its body from its
shell. As soon as it feels danger, it hides itself in its shell.

Some creatures have a lot of hair on their body. You must have seen a
mongoose. It has a thick covering of hair all over its body.

Thorny skin

In the picture given, you can see a

porcupine. It has a thick covering of
spine which stand erect when it senses
danger.

How are the spines on a porcupine's

body useful to it? Find out.

----------------------------------------------

Falling skin+ Porcupine (Shahi)

You must have seen feathers falling off from the birds. If you want, you can
collect the different features of the birds.

Have you ever seen a snake's skin? Is there any other animal who shed its
skin?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Skin of animals

Some animals are killed for their hide or outer skin to make shoes, purses,
jackets etc. After the death of these animals their hide are used.

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Environmental Studies-5

Find out the names of animals killed for their skin.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There must be people making leather goods in your village/town. Find out,
what things they make.

Hunting of animals
Many animals like snakes, peacocks, cats, rhinos are killed for their skin,
despite a ban on their killing. Their skin is used for making different items.
Think if the use of things made of leather is stopped then do you think the
killing of animals will be lessened? Which other methods are there which can stop
killing of animals.

Animals that blend with the colour of nature

The skin of some creatures match their surrounding. Look for such animals
that are not easily seen.

A caterpillar on a leaf A hidden frog

How is it useful for the animals?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our body is a home of many creatures
List the different ways to kill lice.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must have seen dandruff on your scalp. While combing your hair you
must have seen white shreds falling off. This is dandruff. Because of dandruff, the
upper surfaces of the skin of our scalp dries off and start falling.
How is dandruff harmful to our hair? Find from your elders at home.
82
 The Skin

Here are other micro organisms that live on our skin. They cannot be seen
with our naked eyes. They are found in our nails and the tiny pores of our hair.

What do you do to keep your skin and body clean?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. Which sense organ helps you to feel heat and cold?
2. Name any two creatures which have a smooth skin.
3. Why is it important to clean our skin?
Written
1. How is the skin useful to us?
2. On which part of the body do you find thick skin?
3. How do climatic changes affect our skin?
4. What kind of skin do fish have?

Find Around You

1. Find out about some skin diseases.

2. Name some animals that are killed for their skin.What are the methods which

can stop hunting of animals.

3. Write the characterstics of skin of any five animals.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 14
Friction

Rub both your palms together. Now apply a few drops of oil on your palm
and rub them again.
In both the conditions what difference did you feel on rubbing your palms?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What may be the reason?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friction generates heat when two surfaces rub each other. This prevents the
things from slipping and rolling.
Let's experiment

Experiment 1
As shown in the picture, keep the book in a sloping position on a plain
surface and roll a marble on it. Now spread a rug on the plain surface and roll the
marble again.

84
 Friction

In which condition would the marble cover more distance?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In which condition would the marble not go so far?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Out of the two surfaces, which surface was able to produce more friction?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experiment 2
This time, roll the marble from different heights. Observe the effect on its
movememts.
Change the level of the slant of the book. Hold one end of the book with
your hand and the other should touch the floor. Now, roll the marble from the end
which is high to the plain floor. Mark with a chalk, the place where the marble
reaches. Conduct the same experiement by changing the slope of the book each
time.
The marble rolled at what height covers the longest distance?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The marble rolled at what height covers the shortest distance?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is there a relation between the slope of the book and the distance covered
by the marble?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Experiment 3
Take a book. Keep it on the floor and push it with your finger. Now keep 3-
4 or more pencils under the book in a vertical positon. Now push the book.
Is less effort required to push the book?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What do you feel is the reason behind it?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Environmental Studies-5

Experiment 4
Whenever Neelam opens the door of her house, she has to exert a lot of effort and
the door opens with a creak. Neelam's mother asked her to put oil in latches of the
door. Neelam did what her mother was told. The problem solved.
On opening the door, why did it produce a sound?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After oiling, why could the door be opened
easily without any noise?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why are the parts of the cycle oiled at regular
intervals?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Think and Tell

On which rolling pan can you roll a chapati easily- a smooth wooden one
or a rough wooden one?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On which grinding stone would you be able to grind spices and chutney
better?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On what kind of surface can we walk easily?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Read the table given below and answer the questions that follow-
S. Condition Friction What happened?
1. Walking on sand A lot difficulty in walking
2. Stepping on the peel of very little slip
banana while walking
3. Walking on a road appropriate easy to walk
friction

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 Friction

Can you think of a surface with no friction? What will happen there?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. What are the conditions that cause friction?
2. Why is there a risk of slipping on a smooth surface?
Written
1. Why are the board of a flour mill stitched?
2. How does friction help in walking and running?
3. Why do the cycles slip on applying breaks on a wet street during rains?
4. Why do the parts of machines regularly oiled/greased?

Find Around You

1. What measures are taken to reduce friction? Observe the things, machines
etc. around you and find out.
2. What is the height of a slide in your school and why does it have a slope.
Find out.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 15
Ants

It's a very common sight to see an army of ants moving in a row, dragging a
dead insect or attacking food items. It's interesting to watch them do so.
Where do you get to see the ants?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
What are the various colours of ants that you
get to see?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Now, let us observe the ants minutely. Go
and get a big ant from somewhere. If you could
get a big, black coloured ant it would be easy to
observe it.
Use a hand lens to see the ant. Ask your
teacher to help you know how a hand lens is used.

The Ants' body

With the help of a hand lens, see the ant. Now tell, how many parts is its
body divided into? Compare the ant with the picture given.
With the help of a handlens, observe what
you can see in the picture.

The Head
Using a hand lens, observe the head of the
ant. On the fore-head are two antenas/whiskers
which help it to know the atmosphere, like- tem-
perature, smell etc.
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 Ants

Name any two creatures found around you which have the similar structure
of the head.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Can you see the eyes of the ant? How many eyes does it have?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Can you see eye lashes on its eyes?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The Legs
Looking at the ant, tell how many legs does it have?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Can you name some other creatures who have 6 legs?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Stomach
The portion below the chest is called stomach. Try and see the ant's stom-
ach with a handlens. Are there any organ attached to it?
Name the creatures with the same body structure.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Which other organism have you seen, whose body is divided into three parts as ants.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The Wings
Have you ever seen ants with wings? When do they appear? Find from your
elders.

Do Ants Talk?
Look for a place around you where the ants are moving in a line. Now watch
them carefully. Are the ants moving only in one direction or are they going to and
fro? What are the ants doing while moving in a line?

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Environmental Studies-5

If you watch them carefully, you'll see that they touch each others mouth and
then move ahead. It seems as if they are talking to each other.
Wipe off the path on which they are moving with a wet cloth. Take care that
no physical harm is caused to the ants.
Now tell, did the wiping off their path with a wet cloth cause any difference
in their movements. Write your observations.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Many years ago scientists did such experiments. They came to the conclu-
sion that ants, leave some substance behind which is smelled by the ant coming
behind and thus they find in their path.
Have you ever been upset by the mosquitoes. Think how they come to
know where you are? Mosquitoes find you by your body smell especially from the
soles of the feet and also by your body heat.
Have you see any dog smelling something here & there?
A dog can identify that another dog has entered his territory by the smell of
urine and faeces of the other dog.
Where can we use the dog's quality of identifying by smell? We also have the
quality of smelling.
On which occasions do you need your quality of smell?
For example - By smelling we come to know that the food is spoiled. We
also can smell and know that something is burning.

Chapada¼pkiM+k½
There is a special kind of ant, which is commonly
known as Chapada in Bastar.
Find out, which are the tree on which chapada or
red ants are found.

This red coloured ant makes its nest on trees by

sticking leaves and live in it in a group. Living in a group
has its own advantages. eg. when you work together
with your friends, the task is easily accomplished.
90
 Ants

List the different tasks which become easy if done in a group.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

How do the red ants stick the leaves?

From where do the ants get the substance to stick leaves? Let us try to
understand.
In a group of ants, there is one male ant, one
queen ant and the rest are all labourers. The queen
ant only lays eggs.
To stick the leaves, the labourer ants use their
babies as aids and they provide the sticky substance
from within them.
It's interesting to know that the adult ants can-
not make this sticky substance.

This is How the nest looks like

Hundreds of labourer ants, with the help of baby ants, stick leaves to make a
nest. These red ants hold the white coloured baby ants in their mouths and squeeze
them as we squeeze a gum tube, and a sticky substance comes out. This substance
is used to stick leaves.

The entire process seems to be a mechanised one.

Try to look for a dried nest on a tree and see for yourself how the leaves are
glued to each other. Also look for the place where the ants live.

The Red Ant Sauce (Chutney)

The tribals of Bastar ground the red ants, their eggs and their babies to
make chutney. To make this chutney, they collect ants from the trees and ground
them on a stone. Chilly and local spices are added to it.

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Environmental Studies-5

This chutney tastes sour due to the presence of some sour substance
present in the body of the ants. It is eaten with great fondness.

In Bastar these tribals can be seen selling this sauce in clay pots.

In some places, these red ants are boiled in water and given to patients
suffering from fever and asthama.

What are the red ants called in your area? Find and write.

Different varieties of chutney

Name the different varieties of chutneys you've eaten and their main
ingredients in the table given.
S. Name of the Ingredients used? How does it taste?
chutney
1- &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&
2- &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&
3- &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&
4- &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&
5- &&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&

Which chutney is eaten in which season? Which chutney do you like

the best?
Find out from people at home, the ingredients used to make any one
chutney and note them.Write its method, in your copy.

What Have We Learnt?

Oral
1. Ants move one behind one in a line. How do they do so?
2. How many legs do the ants have?

92
 Ants

Written
1. The body of an ant is made up of how many sections ?
2. Where are the ants normally found?
3. How do the red ants make their nests?

Look Around You

1. Observe the nests of the ants. Do different ants make different kinds of
nests?
2. Many people feed the ants with wheat flour, sugar etc. and protect their
nests. What is the belief behind this?
3. You must have seen ants carrying dead insects in their mouths. In comparison
to their weight, how much weight can they lift? Guess.
4. Think, how ants are able to enter a packed container of food items? They
cannot see the sweets, then how can they reach the container containing
sweets?
5. Sometime ants bite also. Find out what treatment is given in ant bite?



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 16
Food of Animals

All living creatures need food to live. Do humans, animals, birds, insects etc.
eat the same kind of food?

To help understand this, let's try to fill the table given on the next page.

In table 1 are written the names of a few creatures.

In the space provided against each creature, write what they eat?

94
 Food of Animals

Table - 1
S. No. Name of creatures Food

1- Buffalo Grass, grain, straw etc.

2- Cat

3- Rat/mouse

4- Crow

5- Goat

6- Spider

7- Tiger

8- Hen

9- Vulture

10- Lizard

11- Bed bug

12- Worms

13- Monkey

14- Dog

15- Man

16- Honey bee

17- Mosquito

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Environmental Studies-5

Looking at the table, list the creatures that eat only plant food like fruits,
flowers, grain, nectar etc.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Such creatures are called herbivores.

Name the creatures that eat other creatures or their eggs.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Such creatures are called carnivores.

Name the creatures that eat both plant food as well as flesh of other
creatures.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Such creatures are called omnivores.

List the creatures that do not kill other creatures for food but still obtain
food from other living creatures.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Such creatures are called parasites.

What is the main difference between carnivores and parasites?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
96
 Food of Animals

Hunting Plants (Insectivorous Plants) -

There are some type of plants which hunt/eat mice frogs
and insects. In these the pitchers plants (Nepenthes) is the most
famous. These are found in Australia, Indonesia and in India it is
found in Meghalaya state. It's shape is of a long pitcher with a lid
of a leaf. From this picther a typical smell comes due to which the
insects which enter the picther, are trapped inside and could not
come out. Other examples of insectivore's plants are Utricularia
and Drosera.
Nepenthes
Fill up the table given below
(pitcher plant )
Table 2

S. No. Name of creatures How is food eaten Helping organs

1. Cow Chew and swallow Lips, tongue, teeth
2. Mosquito Suck A pipe like structure below the head
3. Frog
4. Butterfly
5. Lizard
6. Dog
7. Housefly
8. Goat
9. Man
10. Bed-bug
11. Crow
12. Squirrel

What would have happened, had there been no lips, teeth and tongue in
our mouth.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
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Environmental Studies-5

What have we learnt

Oral Questions
1. What does a fish eat?
2. How does an elephant's trunk help it to have its food?
Written Questions
1. What is the difference between carnivores and herbivores?
2. Write names of five carnivores and five herbivores.
3. What are parasites? Give an example.
4. Differentiate the following creatures and fill up the given table Buffalo, Lion,
Rat, Tape worm, Man, Honey Bee ,Spider, Crow, Bed-bug.
Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Parasites

Find Around You

1. You must have seen a cow chewing the cud. Why does it do so ?
2. Draw the diagram of an insectivorous plant in your copy.



98
 CHAPTER- 17
Bones

You all know that there are bones in your body. When a building is
constructed, first and foremost iron rods are placed. Then it is covered with brick
and cement. It is because of the iron rods that the structure takes its shape and
becomes strong. Similarly, our body is made up of bones. The structure which
comprises of bones is called skeleton.Can you see the bones?
Can you see the bones?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feel your bones
Let us feel the bones in our body. To find out, press your fingers, legs,
arms, chin with your hands.

What did you feel?

Try to bend your arms, fingers and knees.

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Environmental Studies-5

Do these body parts bend?

Prepare a list of the parts of your body that can bend.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are many bones in our body which are joint together. The place where
the two bones join together is called a joint. Can you bend only that part of your
body which has a joint?
Where can you find all joints in your body?
Feel it with your hands and list them.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the picture given is shown a human
skeleton.
Û Carefully look at the different bones
in the picture given. Now try and feel
these bones in your body.
Û Look for the joint bones in the picture
of the skeleton. Try and identify these
bones in your body.
Û In the picture given, identify the parts
of the body from head to toe and fill
up the table given.
Û How many bones are there in each
part of the body? Try and count
them. Now count the bones of the
same body part in the picture given.
Is there a difference in number?
Similarly, count the bones of the other
parts of the body and compare their
number with the picture given. Now,
fill up the table.

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 Bones

Part of the body No. of bones No. of bones shown How many bones
in the skeleton system could not be counted?

Û Colour with red the bones that you could not count.
Û Colour with blue the bones you were able to count.
Û Wherever you find the joints, encircle them with black colour.
Had there been no bones in your body, what would have happened?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name some creatures who have no bones.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Do mosquitoes, house flies, earth worms etc. have bones?
rjg&rjg ds
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

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Environmental Studies-5

Different types of joints

Each part of our body does different work for us

while throwing a ball while playing or while exercising. When
you do these actions, various parts of our body bend.

Bend your hand from the elbow. What happens?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stretch your hand and move it in the opposite direction.
Tell what happened?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carefully, look at the doors of your class. The door is
fixed to a frame with the help of a hinge which helps the door to
open in only one direction.

Is the elbow joint like hinge \

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where are such joints present in your body? Write.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Take an empty coconut shell. Take a fused bulb that can easily be moved in
the shell. Now, move this bulb in the coconut shell.

102
 Bones

As the bulb moves in the coconut shell, the rounded head of the hand bone
fits into a cup shaped cavity formed by the shoulder bone which allows movement
in all directions. This is called ball and socket joint.

How is bowling done in cricket? Do this action yourself. How does your
hand move?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Where do you find such joints in your body? Try to find them.

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. What is the structure of our body made up of?
2. What is Ball and socket joint?

Written
1. What are the functions of the bones in our body?
2. Explain with the help of an example what you know about ball and socket
joint.

Find Around You

1. If you happen to see bones of a dead animal then discuss it in your class to
find which animal is it from ?
2. What treatment would you give to a person with a fractured bone?



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 18
Haat (A Weekly Market)

Every Wednesday, when mother returns from the weekly market haat, she
would give Munni and Krishna a packet each. They would take out Jalebis and Sev
from the packet and eat it. She would get many other things. Every Wednesday,
they would try to go with their mother, but she would refuse by saying she would
take them the next time.

Why did she refuse to take Munni and Krishna with her to the haat?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Munni asked her mother- From where do you get so many things every
Wednesday?
"From the haat" - said mother.
Kishna asked his mother - "What is a haat?"
Mother told Munni and Krishna that in a haat you get fruits, vegetables, other
eatables and necessary household items. The shops are temporary i.e. they open in
the morning and close by evening.

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 Haat

People from the neighbouring villages come to the haat. They get to meet their
friends and relatives. Mother told them that their aunt would come to the haat, today.
On hearing this, Krishna and Munni jumped with happines. Both Kishna and Munni
wanted to see the haat as well as meet their aunt.
Do you have a haat nearby?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On which day do you have a haat in your town/village?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How do people in your town/village go to the haat?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From which neighbouring places do people come to the haat in your village/
town?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Krishna and Munni went to the haat with their mother. After sometime they
saw many people in the ground. Some had bag and some had baskets on their
heads. Some were walking, swinging their empty bags.

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Environmental Studies-5

Go to a nearby haat with your friends and find out-

What all things can one get in a haat?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From where do the shopheepers come in a haat?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ask the shopheeper the difference in the haat 10 years back and of
now?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earlier, people would get oil, ghee etc. in tins and vegetables in hand
bags. In what do they get these now?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A variety of vegetables could be seen in a haat. Bitter
gourd, lady's finger, bottle gourd, brinjal, green chillies, ginger
etc. All were available. The green grocer was shouting aloud.
"fresh capsicum for you".
Krishna and Munni had seen so much capsicum for the
first time.
What are the things that are not grown in your town/village
but are available in the haat?
capsicum
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------
In the same line ahead was a sweetmeat maker selling jalebies. Munni told her
mother that she wanted to eat jalebis. Mother gave them five-five rupees each. On
reaching the shop they found houseflies sitting on the jalebies. Krishna refused to
have it.
What measures should be taken to prevent sweets shops from houseflies
and dust in hotels?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

106
 Haat

Mother suggested that they should

take bananas, for it is protected from dust
and flies. On approaching the banana seller
they heard him calling aloud-take butter like
bananas, spotted bananas.

Krishna's mother purchased a dozen

bananas.
On the other end of the haat were the cloth
shops, where clothes were available both
for children and adults.
Krishna said - "Mother, I want a shirt".
The mother replied - Only last month I had got a shirt for you. Not now, I'll buy
you later.
Prepare a list of items in your house that are bought from the haat.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are these things available in the haat every time?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name the things available only in the haat.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Just across the cloth shop was a shop where combs, locks, containers,
ribbons, tikli,varieties of bangles,eye soot were kept. Mother purchased ribbon for
Munni worth Rs. 3. She also bought bangles and combs for herself and Munni
worth Rs. 15.
A little ahead was a shop selling rice and grain. There was a big crowd there.
Bags of grain was unloaded from bullock carts and purchased grain was loaded on
to it.
There was a toy shop nearby. Both, Munni and Krishna demanded toys.
Mother bought them a car with a key and a doll.
It was evening and the haat had become more noisy.
The vendors were shouting aloud and asking the people to buy oranges,
sweet oranges, fresh oranges.

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Environmental Studies-5

It was getting dark now. Mother said to them-

Let's go home now.
Some shopkeepers in the haat were settling their accounts whereas the others
were packing their things.
Both Munni and Krishna draw a picture of the Market.

Draw the scene of a haat in your copy and display it in the class.
What are the different kinds of shops put up in the haat of your town/
village and what all things do you get there?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Describe the haat of your village/town in your own words.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discuss with your teacher the difference between a haat and a market in
the town/village.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is the haat the same or different during winters, monsoons, and summers.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why is there a difference?
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108
 Haat

Fill in the table given below with different things you get in different
seasons?

During winters During summers During rainy season

----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------

What have We Learnt?

Oral
1. From where do the village people buy the necessary items?
2. What all items are available in a grocers shop in the haat?
Written
1. What are the different shops set up in a haat?
2. What are the different fruits and vegetables that you have seen being sold?
3. What are the advantages of a haat?
4. What are the difficulties we face when there is no hat?

Find and Do
1. Find out the different places from where the shopkeepers get the things in
the haat.
2. Find out from your people the problems they face to set up a haat during
the rainy season.
3. The haat is a weekly market. Do you have an yearly fair in your village?
What all happens in it? Find out.

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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 19
Divyang : Not a Curse

Naresh had to go to another town. He had to collect things from his house
and reach the railway station. He went to a crossing near his house to get an
autorickshaw. There was an autorickshaw standing by the road. He was looking for
the driver of the autorickshaw.

A young man, with the support of his crutches came near him and asked -
where do you want to go?
Naresh said - I have to go to the station. The divyang man was ready to take
him. Naresh could not believe that this young divyang man could drive an
autorickshaw.
Naresh asked him with suspicion - How will you drive an autorickshaw?
He moved ahead with his crutches and asked Naresh to have faith in him.

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 Divyang : Not a Curse

Even though I am lame by one leg, I can drive an autorickshaw.

Naresh said - Never mind. I just have to reach the station on time.
The divyang man kept the crutches in his autorickshaw and drove
towards the station with Naresh.
Naresh came to know from the autorickshaw driver that he had polio in
his childhood. Because of polio one of his legs could not function. But he did
not lose hope. He has completed education up to class Twelve. So he decided
to work. He took loan from a bank and purchased an autorickshaw.Now he
looks after his family and leads a respectable life.
Naresh wondered how a divyang man could take him safely to the
station.
Is there a divyang person in your neighbourhood?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
If yes, then what kind of physically challenged does he have?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Does he do any work?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
You must have heard of pulse polio. Children from 0-6 years are given polio
drops all over India by the Government. Polio is a kind of disease that occurs in
childhood. In it either the legs get deformed or fail to function. Find out more about
pulse polio from your teacher or health department.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Rajaram was visually challenged since childhood. Rajaram's parents got him
admitted in a school for the divyang. He studied there. He even obtained higher
education. Today he is working in a bank.
Even though he could not see, how did he manage to study?

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Environmental Studies-5

There is a special script for the visually challenged. It is commonly known as

'Braille script'. As we look into the printed material and read, similarly, the visually
chanllenged with the help of Braille script, read by feeling the words. Those who
are visually challenged are made to practice reading and writing with the help of
Braille script.
The person who invented Braille script was himself visually challanged. His
name was Louis Braille. He lost his eyes in childhood while playing. But Louis
parent did not lose hope. They did not want Louis to beg like other visually challenged
people.

Though Louis could not see, still he would help his mother. Every day in the
morning he would fetch water from the well. At times he would stumble on a stone
and fall. But gradually he learned the way. His father made a thin stick for him.
While walking Louis would feel the road with his stick. If his stick hit a thing he
would change his way.

Louis would recognize some of the things with his smell. He would recognize
most of the things with their sound. He would recognize his people with their voice.

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 Divyang : Not a Curse

Is there a visually challenged man in your neighbourhood who can tell things
by smelling, touching or hearing?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

How does he do his work? What are the things he can do by himself? For what
all things does he take help from others?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Louis was a man of great self-respect. If ever someone took pity on him he
would get angry.

Louis did not know how to read. He would talk to people and listen to
stories. This helped him learn many things.

Books for the visually chanllenged

150 years back there were no books for the visually chanllenged children. At
that time, each letter was embossed so that it could be felt and recognized. It was
easy to recognize a few letters while the others were difficult to recognize.

Louis Braille had a solution to this problem. He invented an easy script for
the visually chanllenged children to read. He made different signs for different
letters in English.

He embosed the signs for English letters on a thick sheet with a thick needle.
The other side of the sheet had embossed impressions. He adopted this technique.

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Environmental Studies-5

Braille script in Hindi

The signs for Hindi letters is shown. This is Braille script in Hindi. It has embossed
dots on a sheet of paper. A visually challenged person reads it by touching it.

While reading Braille script

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 Divyang : Not a Curse

How to read and write in Braille script?

Make holes on a thick sheet of paper with a thick needle. The embossed
portion should resemble the picture shown below. Care should be taken that these
signs are made from right to left. So that it can be read from left to right.

Out of the 6 dots, one, two or more are arranged in different order to make a
1 4
letter. While embossing, each dot is given a number 2   5 . But on reading the
3 6
4   1 1
order changes. the order will be 5   2 for e.g. for 'r' 2   5 sign is made.
6   3 6
On reading it will appear to be  1 . It will appear so because while reading
5 2
6
the page is turned.

In our devnagari script we have *ek=k* 's' e.g. ujs'k has j after u and an
*,* ek=k on it. But Braille script has no vowels. You will have the signs in this order
- first u , followed by j] , and 'kA

'k , j u u j , 'k
         
 
     
 
     

While writing Naresh in Braille While, reading 'Naresh in Braille

One more thing to remember. While writing if you write from right to left,
only then can you read from left to right.
On the previous page is given a reading chart. Can you tell how these signs
are made while writing.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Write your name in Braille script with the help of a nail or a thick needle.

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Environmental Studies-5

Try and read the name of your friend in Braille script. Are you able to read
the name?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
These days many books are available on book of Braille script. Every district
has a school for the visually chanllenged .

If ever you happen to come across a book of Braille script you must try to
read it.

You must have seen divyang person begging for food and money.

Think, is this right?

What should be do make them able?

Find out which institution are working for them?

What schemes are the government running for them.

Many times people make fun of viyang person. Is this right?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
What have We Learnt?
Oral

1. How could Louis recognise the things?

2. What was the reason for Ramesh being divyang?

Written

1. What is the difference while writing and reading Braille script and why?

116
 Divyang : Not a Curse

2. The visually challenged, with the help of Braille script, can express their
thoughts and can also know about others, opinions. Similarly, how do the
dumb convey their thoughts to one another.

3. How can you motivate to make divyang able.

Find Around You

1. Observe a visually challenged man in your neighbourhood. Find out how he
does his work?
2. Collect information of divyang persons from news papers and magazines.
3. What are the divyangatas other than being visually challenged. How do they
live an easy life?



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 20
Solar Energy

It was 9:00 am on a Sunday. Sonu sat beside his elder brother Sunil and was
reading a newspaper.

At that very moment, mother called out

from the kitchen "Oh! There is no gas left in the
cydinder. How shall I cook food now?"

Sunil was listening to this. He said,

"Today, we'll cook food without using fire".

Sonu asked, "But how"

"With the help of solar energy! Uncle has

a solar cooker. We'll use it to cook food, "said
Sunil. Sonu asked with great interest, "Tell me
about solar energy and how food can be cooked in it."

Sunil said, "Yes, definitely. But first you'll have to answer my question."

After taking bath, you dry the wet clothes in the open and they dry.
How do your clothes dry?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What things can be done with the help of the heat of the sun?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

118
 Solar Energy

Sunil and Sonu went to their aunt's house.

At their aunt's house a box was kept in the open. Sonu saw that the lid of the
box had a mirror fixed to it. Inside the box were four containers painted with black
varnish. The inside of the box was also painted black.
Sonu observed that the rays of the sun fall on the mirror and were reflected
back to the containers.
Sunil said, "The containers are heated by the rays of the sun which help to
cook the food inside it."
Sonu asked, "Why are the containers and the inner surface of the box coloured
black?"
Sunil asked Sonu, "During summers, do you feel more heat on wearing
white or black coloured clothes.
Sonu answered promptly that on wearing black coloured clothes we
experience more heat.
Sunil explained that it was because of this reason that the containers and the
inner surface of the solar cooker are painted black.
"What things can be cooked in it? asked Sonu.
Sunil told Sonu that one can cook dal, rice, idli, cake, vegetable etc.
Sunil and Sonu placed dal and rice in the solar cooker. The mirror lid of the
cooker was opened and was positioned in a way that the sun rays fell directly on it
and reflected the heat onto the containers. After approximately two hours they
opened the lid and found the rice and dal cooked.
Sonu said, "Can we too make such a solar cooker?"
Sunil said, "Surely, why not."
The method of making a solar cooker as told by Sunil is given below:

Make Your Own Solar Cooker

To make your solar cooker divide the class in groups of 2-3.

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Environmental Studies-5

Take an empty carton box. Paint its inner surface black. Take 4 metal
containers that can fit into it. Paint the outer surface of these containers with black
varnish. On the inner surface of the lid, paste a mirror or a shiny sheet. Open the lid
and fix a transparent sheet on the box. Put some rice and dal in the containers and
keep them in the box.

Now position the lid in such a way that the rays of the sun fall directly on the
mirror/shiny sheet and is reflected to the containers kept inside. Open the containers
after 2-3 hours. Is the food cooked?
Sonu said, How wonderful is this solar energy! How easily can we get it
without spending anything.
Solar Lights
Sunil said, "We can also obtain
electricity from solar energy" that can
convert the solar heat into electricity.
These solar cells are fixed on
the top most part of the house where
maximum sunlight is available.
In many cities, solar cells have
been placed which help in lighting tube-
lights bulbs etc. Sunil further said,
"Now you can even run the vehicles
with the help of solar energy."

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 Solar Energy

What have We Learnt?

Orals
1. Write any two uses of solar energy?
2. Why is black colour used in solar cooker?

Written
1. Which fuel is used for cooking in your house and in the neighbourhood?
2. During which seasons a solar cooker can not be used?
3. What are the benefits of a solar cooker?
4. Why is a mirror fixed to the solar cooker?

Find Around You

1. If someone has a solar cooker in your neighbourhood, observe it and find
out how food is cooked in it.
2. Make a model of the solar cooker with the help of your friends.


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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 21
Talagaon

The teacher said, "In class IV you must have read about the caves of
Ramgarh. There are many places of historical interest in Chhattisgarh. One of
them is Talagaon. Today, we shall talk about this place.

Arya : Teacher, where is Talagaon and why is it famous?

Teacher : It is 32 km's away from Bilaspur, situated on the banks of river

Maniyari. Though it is like any other village but there are many ancient temples
which are now in the state of ruins.

Does your town/village also have ancient temples or monuments for which
it is famous?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Picture - Devrani Temple

122
 Talagaon

There are two famous temples in Talagaon. They are popularly known as
'Devrani-Jethani temple. Looking at the picture given below, can you tell the material
used for making these temples?
Tushar : Teacher, when
were these temples built?

Teacher : As per the inform

ation given on the inscription
rocks, they were built some
1500 years ago. Red
sandstone was used for
making these temples.
Picture - Devarani Temple
Kirti : Teacher, from where
was red-sand-stone obtained in large quantities?

Teacher : Interestingly, red sandstone is found locally in Talagaon, which is situated

on the banks of river Maniyari.

How was red-sand transported for the construction of temples?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Were there trucks and tractors some 1500 years ago?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
How were big rocks transported from the river to the construction site?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
If such temples were to be constructed in the present, how would the rocks/
stones be transported to the construction site?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Ananya : Teacher, the idol of which deity is found in these temples?
Teacher : The temples made in Talagaon are known as Devarani - Jethani Temples.

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Environmental Studies-5

Out of the two, the 'Devarani' temple

has an idol of Shiva. Earlier, both were
Shiva temples. Today, the Jethani temple
stands in a complete state of ruin whereas
two/ third of the Devarani temple is still
safe. Being an ancient temple one can now
just see the debris. In the process of
clearing the debris, metal coins, idols etc.
were found. A large, wonderful stone idol
of Rudra Shiva was also excavated from
Picture - JethaniTemple
the site. The idol is unique in itself as it is
different from the idols of Shiva found all over India.

Mehak : Teacher, what is so special about this idol that it is different from the
other idols of Shiva?

Teacher : As it is seen in the picture given, this

stone idol of Shiva has 10 faces. All the faces
are different from each other. On these faces
there are carved images of a cobra, peacock,
chameleon, crab, fish, snake and other such
creatures. This idol is 9 feet high and 4 feet wide.
Its circumference is about 2.5 feet and weight
5000 kgs. It is carved out of a single stone.

Krishna : Teacher, why are the images of

different creatures carved on Shiva's idol?

Teacher : There can possibly be two reasons.

Firstly, as Shiva is also called 'Pashupati', these
images may symbolise that he's the lord of the
creatures. With this imagination, the sculptor
must have carved out the images of various
creatures. Secondly, it could have been to save
these creatures who are an integral part of
nature. Keeping this in mind, the sculptor must

124
 Talagaon

have carved out the images of various animals.

Have you taken any measures to save creatures found around you?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Do sculptors of today carve out images of birds/animals in the statues that
they make?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Dolly : Teacher, why this village is named Talagaon?
Teacher : My grandfather said that in ancient times there existed a temple of
Goddess Parvati in the form of Taradevi. Probably, that is why this village
must have been Taragaon which slowly and gradually changed into Talagaon.
Find out from your elders how and why the name of your village/town was
given to it.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Vibha : Teacher, what are the other places of interest in Talagaon?

Teacher : Every year tourists from India and abroad come in large numbers to see
the famous idol of 'Rudra Shiva' found in Talagaon. Seven days fair is held every
year during Shivratri. Pilgrims from neighbouring areas visit the fair situated on the
banks of river Maniyari. Talagaon has a lot of natural beauty. A few kilometres
away is the confluence place of River Maniyari and River Shivnath.
The children were very happy to learn about Talagoan and requested their teacher
to take them for a visit to Talagoan.
Name some other ancient places in Chhattisgarh? Find out from your
teachers or elders why those places are so special?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

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Environmental Studies-5

Some people write their names on historical monuments and building.

Do you think this is right?
What can you do for preserving such historical monument/buildings?
Is there any museum in your village/town or nearby city? Find out what all
are there.
Museums are places where very old ancient things are kept. These things
could also be those which were found while digging inside the earth. From these
things we can know how people of that time lived, what all things they used,what all
they made.
Think if these things were not preserved, could we have been able to know
so much about them.
Make your own Museum -
Collect old items from your surrounding as utensils, farming tools, handicrafts,
coins other daily use items as watches, slippers, bells etc. and display them in a
place. Remember to write same words for each item.

What have We Learnt?

Oral
1. The ruins of which two temples have been found in Talagaon?
2. The idol of which God is there in 'Devrani temple'?
3. What kind of stone is used in the temples of Talagaon?
Written
1. Compare the temples of Talagaon with any other temple.
2. When and during which dynasty were the temples of Talagaon constructed?
3. What is special about the Shiva idol excavated from Talagaon?
4. From where were the stones used for the construction of temples, obtained?

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 Talagaon

Find Around You

1. Visit the nearby historical places and fill up the table given below with the
information collected.
S. Name of Types of buildings Year of Name of Speciality
No. Place (Temple/momunent etc.) Construction the founder

2. Observe the nearby ancient monuments and find out what measures are
taken to preserve them?
3. Collect and paste picture of famous historical monuments and building of
the world in your copy?


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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 22
Means of Transport

At the time of teaching this lesson, don't forget to hang a map of India
and Chhattisgarh on the wall.
You must have eaten or heard of the famous 'dashari' mangoes of Uttar
Pradesh.

The mango orchards of Lucknow's whole Raipur's whole

Lucknow sale market sale market

Fruit shop Your village/ district

With you

You buy mangoes from a fruit shop. The fruit seller gets mangoes from the
whole sale market. The mangoes come to the whole sale market from Lucknow in
Uttar Pradesh.
Can you describe the journey of mangoes from the orchards of Uttar
Pradesh to you?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write names of two more things that are brought to your village/town from
another state.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are there things in your village/district that are sent to other places?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How do you think these things are transported in and out of your village/
district. Discuss and write.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

128
 Means of Transport

Find out from your elders, how people travelled from one place to another
25-30 years back?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How do you go to meet your relatives who stay far away from your house?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Road Transport
Look at the road network on the map of India. On one side of the map are
given symbols. With the help of these symbols, identify the roads.
On the map of India find the road that links Bilaspur with Lucknow. Trace
the road line with your finger and write the towns/cities that fall on route
between Bilaspur and Lucknow.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Now look for the state Highway connecting two or more district headquarters
of a state. A road connecting two or more states is called 'National Highway'.
Look at the pictures given below. Milestones on the road side with yellow
border on the top indicate 'National Highway' whereas milestones with a green
border on the top indicate 'State Highway'.

In the state map of Chhattisgarh try to identify the National Highway.

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Environmental Studies-5

What kind of road do you have near your village? National Highway or
state Highway or none of these?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What kind of road do you have? Road made of tarcoal, gravel or 'Kaccha' road?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out from your teachers or elders the difference in the roads of National
Highways, state Highways and roads that link a village to a town.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Each vehicle has a number plate on which is written the state code, district
code and its registration number.
If there is any vehicle in your house, find out the number written on it?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kundan and Chandan are two brothers. Both live in Pendra. They write the
numbers written in the front and back of each truck, bus or car that pass that way.
The numbers which they noted a few days back are as follows :
CG - 04 J 2356 ————————————
MP - 09 K 0091 ————————————
RJ - 27 SC1234 ————————————
Ask your teachers or your elders as to which state these vehicles belong to?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is the district code no. of vehicles of your district?
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Rail Transport

130
 Means of Transport

Apart from carrying passengers trains are also used to transport goods from
one place to another. Train used for carrying goods is called freight train whereas
trains used for carrying passengers are called passenger trains.

Meera travelled with her family on train and then a bus. Her father bought
tickets.

Find on which kinds of transport you need to buy ticket?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Have you seen a railway ticket? What all informations are there in a ticket?
We find the following informations in a
railway ticket -

Train Number

Starting date

Destination Date

Berth Number

Fare

As the railway ticket we can get

information from Railway Time Table as -
From which station the train will start. At
what time it will reach any station, how much
time it will stay there and when it will leave
it. We can buy a Railway Time Table from any railway station.

Look at the part of the time table of the train in which Meera travelled and try
to answer these questions. n

18237 Chhattisgarh Express from Bilaspur to Amritsar. T

131
Environmental Studies-5

S.N. Station Arrival Time Departure Time

1. Bilaspur Start 14.15
2. Bilha 14.33 14.35
3. Bhatapara 14.58 15.00
4. Hatbandh 15.13 15.14
5. Tilda 15.23 15.25
6. Raipur Junction 16.10 16.20
7. Bhilai Power House 16.40 16.42
8. Durg 17.10 17.15
9. Rajnandgaon 17.36 17.38
10. Dongargarh 18.00 18.02
From which station did Chhattisgarh Express start?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How much time did it stay at Bhatapara station?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When did the train reach Raipur?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Look for the rail route in the map of India. Identify the rail route from Raipur
to Howrah.
Make a list of stations that fall on route Raipur to Howrah. You can
take the help of the railway timetable.
Name a the stations that fall enroute Raipur to Howrah.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Have you seen a freight train? What all things can be transported in it?
Approximately, how many coaches are there in a freight train? Whenever you happen
to visit a railway station, try to collect answers to these question.

132
 Means of Transport

Is there a railway station in your village or in your neighbouring village/

town? If yes, then find out its name.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Which passenger trains pass through your village?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sport
Water Transport
Write the names of different means of water transport that you know.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Big boats and streamers carry passengers and goods to villages and towns
situated on the banks of big rivers.
People living in coastal areas use sea routes. To travel from one country to
another ships are most commonly used.
Goods like tea, fruits etc. are sent from India to other countries by ships
through sea route.
Many things like petrol, is brought from other countries by ship.
From where do petrol and diesel come from in the pumps?
They are formed when plants and animals are buried deep inside the earth for
many long years. When these are inside the earth these are in form of strong smelling
thick oil. Scientists discover the places where these oils are found deep inside the
earth and then these oils are extracted using big pipes and machines. This oil is then
refined to make petrol, diesel, kerosene, cooking gas, grease etc.

133
Environmental Studies-5

What is the price of petrol and diesel in your area?

What will happen in your village/ town if these petrol & diesel are not available
for a week?
Now you may have come to know how useful petrol and diesel are for us and
why we should protect them.
What measures will you adopt for its conservation ?
Do we have any problem with the smoke emitted from our vehicles? If so
what type of ?
Do we have any problem due to the loud noise of the horn? If so what type
of ? ransport
Air Transport

Shekhar lives in Raipur. He has to leave for Delhi for some work. It takes
approximately 25-28 hours to travel by bus or train. Do you know of any mode of
transport that can help Shekhar reach Delhi in 2-3 hours.
The place from where a plane takes off and lands is called an airport.
Name the different town/cities in Chhattisgarh that have an airport.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From here, where can one go in an aeroplane?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With the help of your teacher, prepare a list of places where air travel
facility is available
134
 Means of Transport

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air transport is an important mode of transport for people travelling from
one country to another. Travelling by air saves our precious time. People can travel
long distance in a short time, though this journey is very expensive.
If someone known to you has ever travelled in an aeroplane, ask his/her
experiences and list them.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What have We Learnt?
Oral
1. Which means of transport is most commonly used in your village/town.
2. Name the various means of road transport used to carry goods from one
place to another.
3. What is the important means of water transport.
Written
1. Write the names of two 'State Highways' of Chhattisgarh.

2. What precautions must we take while travelling by train?

3. Which mode of transport can be used to send goods abroad?

4. What are the advantages of air transport?

5. What all information can you gather from the numbers written on the number
plate of a vehicle.

Find And do
1. Collect information of the important National Highways.
2. Recollect your memories of a train journey.
3. Collect pictures of the various means of transport.


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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 23
A Visit to Goa

The school reopened after Diwali break. There was a lot of excitement in the
class. All the children were sharing their experiences with one another. Some had
gone to their uncle's place and some to their grandparent's. Everyone in the class
knows that Salim had been to Goa
to stay with his uncle, who works on
a ship.
All the children in the class
wanted to listen to Salim's experi-
ences in Goa. In the mean time, the
teacher entered the class. The teacher
too looked at Salim and asked him
to narrate his experiences in Goa.
Teacher : So Salim, how did you
reach Goa and what all did you see
there?
If you too had been somewhere,
write what all you saw there.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Salim said : "I saw many things.
There were things we have not seen
in Chattisgarh.
Children (speak together) : What
all did you see? How did you reach?
What all did you see on your way?
Tell everything.
136
 A Visit to Goa

Salim said : From Jagdalpur to Raipur, we went by bus. From Raipur we boarded
24
a train. On our way to Goa, we passed through Durg, Nagpur and Pune. It took us
two days to reach Goa. The journey was quite interesting. The train halted at
xksok dh lSj
many stations before reaching Goa.
Neelu asked : What did you do when the train reached a station?
Salim told : We filled our water bottles from the platform. There was a rush for
water. With great difficulty we managed to fill our empty bottles. Then we purchased
some fruits. When we arrived Pune its was dark.
Prepare a list of items available at the station when the train stops?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Salim : When we reached Pune, it was dark.
Neelu : Salim, then where did you sleep?
Salim : In the train you have to get your ticket reserved to have a berth to sleep
on. All berths are numbered.
Mahesh : Tell us more about Goa. What all did you see there?
Goa is a state divided into Northern and Southern Goa. The two lan-
guages spoken here are Marathi and Konkani. Marmgao and Madgaon are
the two important cities of Goa. After every few miles you'll find a village in
Goa. Houses in Goa are built of wood, bamboo and coconut leaves.
Find out with the help of your teacher, the capital city of different states
and make a list of them.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
You can see the vast expanse of sea from Goa. One can see ships, boats, motor
boats in the sea. Tall waves rise in the sea.
Do people in Goa indulge in farming? Asked Monika.
Salim : Fishing is an important occupation of the people of Goa. Yet, people do
grow paddy, black pepper, spices, coconut, mangoes and cardamons. Coconut
is found in abundance. Its fibre is used for making rope, baskets, mattresses and

137
Environmental Studies-5

brooms. Women can be seen sorting out fish on the shores. Then they are sold in
the market. Some fishermen dry fish to extract its oil which is used for medicinal
purposes.
Sonu : Is it very hot there?

Salim : No, Goa is very pleasant. It is neither too hot nor cold. Days are sultry but
the nights are cool. It gets heavy rainfall.
Neelu : Tell something special about this place.
Salim : A rare kind of vegetation is found on the shores of Goa. It grows only in
salty water. They are called mangroves. It has pointed roots with tiny pores which
rise above the marshy land. The fruits of mangroves germinate when they are still
on the trees. The roots come out of the germinated fruit and fall onto the marshy
land where they start growing into a bigger tree.

138
 A Visit to Goa

Umesh : From where do people come to visit Goa?

Salim : Many people from various parts of India and abroad come to Goa to
enjoy its long and sandy beaches.
Neelu : Salim, what is a beach?
Madam : That part of the sea coast which does not have slopes and does not
experience high waves is called a beach. Beaches are always crowded with people.
People swim in the sea and play on its sandy beaches. Kalingut is a famous beach
of Goa and is visited by hundreds and thousands of tourists every year.
Madam asked Salim : Had you been to the various churches in Goa?
Salim : Yes, Madam, There are many big churches in Goa. Christmas is celebrated
here with great enthusiasm.
Do people in your region celebrate Christmas?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
What do people do on Christmas? Discuss.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Write, where do you have a church in your region?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

139
Environmental Studies-5

Salim told them that tourism is the main source of livelihood for the people
of Goa.
Write any five things you know about Goa.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

What have We Learnt?

Oral
1. Name the two big cities of Goa.
2. Which festival is celebrated by the people of Goa?
3. What material is used by the people of Goa to construct houses?

Written
1. What is the language spoken by the people of Goa?
2. Write the difference in weather conditions of Goa and Chattisgarh.
3. What is a 'sea beach'?
4. What is the occupation of the people of Goa?

Find Around You

1. Name the coastal states that attract tourists to their beaches.
2. Find about the tourist places near your neighbour hood and write about its
attractions in your copy.


140
 CHAPTER- 24
Louis Pasteur

In ancient times, if a man happened to be bitten by a mad dog, he was taken

to a blacksmith for treatment.
The blacksmith would take an iron rod, heat it on the burning coal till red hot
and burn the patient's wound with it. In very rare cases would the patient survive.
Normally this doesn't happen and neither the patient nor the disease remains. Louis
Pasteur had also seen blacksmith treating such patients in his village. He would
tremble with fear, everytime he saw this.

Find out from elderly people, in what other ways were people bitten by a
mad dog treated? Write about it.
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Environmental Studies-5

Louis Childhood
Louis Pasteur was born on 27th Dec., 1822 in France. He obtained his
primary education in his village school. He was sent to
Paris by his father to obtain a degree in teacher's training.
Louis could not adjust himself in Paris for he would
always miss his house, village and parents.

He fell sick and returned home. After recovery, he

was sent to college in another city. There he studied
science.

Earlier people believed that decayed objects were

a birth place for germs and bacteria. After repeated
experiments, Louis proved that this line of thinking was wrong. He proved that
decayed things have no strength to form bacteria/germs. On the other hand, it is the
bacterial/germs present in the air that enter into flesh, fruits, vegetables etc. and
decay them.

Do people in your village/town also believe that decayed objects produce place
for germs/bacteria?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He wanted to invent the cure to the disease
caused by the biting of a mad dog. For this, he
collected a number of mad dogs in his laboratory.
He carefully studied the germs present in their body
and conducted experiments on them. His own life
was in danger because of these mad dogs. One day,
he happened to swallow the poisonous saliva while
sucking a mad dog's saliva with a glass tube. But this
did not deter him from going ahead with his
experiments.

You must be knowing that inoculation

(vaccination) is a preventive medicine which is given to a person to help prevent the
occurrence of that disease. Like tetanus and polio drops. Small number of germs
are injected into human body. The red cells present in the body, fight the germs and
142
 Louis Pasteur

develop immunity against them. In future, if ever polio germs attack our body,
these cells fight out these germs and protect us from diseases.

Pasteur experimented on rabbits using minimum number of germs present in

a mad dog. This medicine was again used on mad dogs. He conducted experiments
for almost three years. By the end of three years, he had approximately 50 dogs of
different breed and age, in his laboratory. He had freed these dogs from rabbies.

Should man be given the same innoculation? If yes, then what should be the
dose of this medicine? These questions were troubling Pasteur. But, he could not
find an answer to it till he experimented on humans.

As you all must be knowing, a mad dog is very dangerous. When it bites, a
person does not get to know anything for 2-4 days, but the poison gradually spreads
in his body. He experiences headache and talks too much. His thirst for water
grows rapidly. He wants to drink water but cannot gulp it. He first experiences
stiffness in his neck and later in his entire body which is followed by death.

14 bitemarks by a dog
A few people brought an 8-9 years old child who had been bitten by a mad
dog at fourteen places. His condition was serious.

Louis got the child examined by two different

doctors. Everybody thought he would die without
treatment. Then Louis decided to experiment his
newly invented vaccination. On that very evening the
boy was given the first dose.Then he gave twelve
more dozes for nine days that followed.

The boys showed signs of recovery within a

few weeks. After three months he was absolutely fine.
The news of the recovery of the boy spread like wild
fire in the whole world. This made Louis Pastur very famous.

143
Environmental Studies-5 Louis Pasteur

What should you do if bitten by a dog?

If a person is bitten by a dog, it is most important to see that the dog's
saliva has not come in direct contact with that person's blood. If yes, then it is
necessary to find out if the dog is mad or not.
If its a stray dog and has not been injected for
anti-rabies and has run away, then it is necessary
for the person to have the injection. These
injections should be started immediately.

In case of a pet dog, or if the stray dog

has been caught, it is necessary to chain the
dog for 10 days and observe carefully. In these
10 days, if the dog shows signs of abnormal behaviour or falls sick, it should be
considered mad. In this case, the person bitten should start taking injections.

If the dog shows no signs of abnormality and sickness, then it should be let
free. The person bitten should not worry. Another important thing is that the bitten
place should be immediately cleaned with water, soap and an injection is to be
taken.

What do you do if a mad dog bites a person? Find out.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What are the symptoms found in a person bitten by a mad dog?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What advice would you give to a person bitten by a mad dog?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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144
 Louis Pasteur

What have We Learnt?

Oral

1. How will you know whether the dog is mad or not?

2. To which country did Louis belong to?

Written

1. How was a person bitten by a mad dog treated in older days?

2. Why was Louis called the 'Saviour of Mankind'. What do you understand
by it? Do you agree with what was said about Pasteur ?

3. Explain, what is innoculation.

Find Around You?

1. Go to a nearby hospital and find out if anti-rabies injection is available or
not?
2. Find out the different medicines given to a person bitten by a mad dog.
3. You have read here how Louis pasteur discovered the rabies vaccination.
Read and make a report of any other scienctists and his discovery.


145
Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 25
The Journey of Seeds

Have you ever thought of the fact that plants/trees remain in one place then
how do their seeds more from one place to another?

Imagine, if all the seeds of a tree grow in one place. Will they all be able to
grow?

You must have observed a farmer sowing crops. He leaves some space
between two saplings. In certain crops if the saplings are too close together, the
farmer uproots them.

Ask a farmer, if maize saplings are grown close to each other, how will it
affect the crop?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Also find out the plants which are cropping?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fruits and seeds of plants that grow in jungles, open grounds and fields
have the property to disperse from one place to another.

Go to a field or jungle of your school and collect atleast 20 different kinds of

fruits and seeds.

Now observe these seeds carefully. Discuss with your friends the
different ways in which the seeds are scattered.

146
 The Journey of Seeds

Animals as an agent of dispersal/ fruits/seeds dispersed by animals

You must have seen thorny fruits of
(Gokharu) thistle around you. These fruits get
entangled in the body or tail of a cow, buffalo or
a goat. The seeds of this fruit travel with the
animals wherever they go. Some fruits have thorny
hooks which get hooked to the hair of the animal.

Find out names of some more fruits and seeds that stick to animals.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dispersal caused by bursting of pods
Some kind of fruits after drying bursts and their
seeds are scattered here and there.

Water as an agent of dispersal

Normally, coconut trees are found near the coasts. As a result, the coconut
fruit travels hundreds of kilometers along with the waves. The fibre on the coconut
fruit help it float on water.

147
Environmental Studies-5 The Journey of Seeds

Wind as an agent of dispersal

The wind also helps in the
dispersal of seeds. Many seeds
have feather like structure that
enables them to fly long distances.

Find and write name of seeds with feather like structure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You must have seen fruit of sheesham tree. This tree can be seen on a road
side or in a garden. Its fruits are very light and can be easily carried away by the
wind to far off places.

Do plants of swallow wort remind you of something? How its fruits burst
and the seeds are carried away by the wind! In its fibrous structure is entangled
blackish brown coloured flat seeds which seems to fly like a parachute and land at
far off places.

148
 The Journey of Seeds

Get the fruit of swallow wort. Open the fruit and observe its seeds.
Draw swallow wort seed in your notebook.
List the names of seeds which are fibrous.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The seeds of semal tree are also enveloped in fibre like that of cotton (Kapas)
seed. Its fibres are carried away by the wind and scattered in distant places.
Dispersal by animals/birds
Birds and animals also play an important part in dispersal of seeds of many
plants and trees. When birds eat the fruits of such trees, their sticky seeds stick to
their beaks and are carried away to other places. You must have seen birds sitting
on branches of trees and clearing their beaks. The fruit that they eat is digested
whereas the seeds come out in their droppings. The seed falls along with the
droppings.
Think and tell how plants of banyan, peepal etc. grow on the walls of
buildings, forts and wells?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given below are the various agents of dispersal of seeds. Give five examples
for each.
Agents of dispersal of seeds Name of seeds

Dispersal by wind ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

By water ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By birds/animals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By man ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By bursting ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On a card sheet, paste the fruits and seeds that you had collected from the jungle
and the fields. Name each and write the agent that helps them disperse.
Now hang/paste this cardsheet in your class.
What have We Learnt?
Oral
1. How are the semal seeds dispersed?
2. Name the plants with thorny seeds.
149
Environmental Studies-5 The Journey of Seeds

Written
1. How is the seed of coconut fruit dispersed?
2. What is the advantage of seed dispersal?
3. Draw the given seeds.
swallow wort, thistle, Coconut

Find Around You

1. Collect fruits and seeds found in your surroundings and find out how their
seeds are dispersed.

2. Ask all of students of the class collect different seeds. Study the seeds, see
their colour, shape (round or flat) outer covering (rough or smooth). Write in
a table on a chart. All the students in the class will help in filing the chart.

S.N. Name of the seed colour Shape outer covering

1 Chana Brown Rough

Tabulate the seeds on the following points -

1. Seeds used for spices.
2. Seeds of vegetables
3. Seeds of fruits
4. Seeds which are very light
5. Seeds which are cooked as curry
2. Do you play any game with seeds? If so play it in the class and teach others
about it.



150
 CHAPTER- 26
Mud and Stone
Like water and air, mud is also an integral part of our lives. We can not think
of life without it. We pay no heed to it but keep using it.

List how mud can be useful to us?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Different types of mud?

Collect different samples of mud, e.g. mud from the fields, rivers/ponds,
roadside, open grounds etc. for this you'll have to go with your friends.

Collect these samples in a transparent polythene and label them.

Experiment 1 - How is the mud?

What can you test in the mud?
How does the mud look like? Coarse or smooth?
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What is its colour?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
How do you feel on touching or pressing it?
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How does it smell?
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151
Environmental Studies-5 Mud and Stone

Did you find any plant or animals in the mud?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Test the samples collected and fill up the information in your copy in a
tabular form.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Were any living organisms present in it? If yes. How does it look?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
How can decayed plants/trees and creatures useful for the mud/soil. Find
from your elders.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Find out from a farmer, the kind of soil considered fertile for the crops?
For a bumper harvest, the farmers add organic manure to the soil. Find out
how the farmers prepare organic manure?

Experiment 2 - Make clay toys

You must have made earthern toys.

What kind of mud is best for making toys? Is it from the fields or from the
roadside?

Take a handful of mud. Remove,

pebbles, stones, grass etc. Now add
water, drop by drop and knead as we
knead a dough of flour. Add water that
is enough to make a ball and it should
not stick to the hands. On a flat surface,
try to make a rolling pin with this mud
ball. Now turn it as shown in the picture.
If the rolling pin can be bent easily, then
a ring like structure can be made of it.

152
 Mud and Stone

If a full ring is formed, then it is soft clay.

If the ring breaks but a rolling pin can be made then it
is mixed soil .
It you fail to make a rolling pin but can make a ball
then it is 'sand soil' .
If a ball can not be formed then it is sand.

Now tell what kind of mud does the potter use to make toys and vessels.

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Experiment 3
Now get clay to make different varieties of toys and exhibit them in your
class.

Have you ever seen a well or a pond being dug? If not then don't miss any
opportunity that comes your way. Given is a picture of the different layers of soil
that can be seen at the time of digging a well.

Are the different layers of soil of the same colour?

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153
Environmental Studies-5 Mud and Stone

Name the colours you can see in the different layers of soil?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
On digging a well, we get mud at the deepest end. It is followed above
by red soil and then by pebbles and rocks.

Soft stone, Hard stone

Collect samples of different stones.
Throw the stones from a height and see which
ones break?
Mud and sand are formed by the breaking of
stones into small particles. Some stones can be easily
broken, whereas, these are some which are difficult to
break even with a hammer or a chisel. The different layers of soil

Conduct this experiment with two different stones.

Fill a bucket or tumbler with water. Rub the two stones in water for five
minutes exerting presure. Let the water in the container stand still for some time.
Now carefully remove the water.
What do you get to see at the bottom of the container?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
You can repeat this experiment with other
stones. Did you get more or less particles on
rubbing these stones?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
What can you say on the basis of this
experiment?
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

154
 Mud and Stone

What have we Learnt?

Oral Question
1. Name the different kinds of soil?
2. What is added to the soil for a bumper harvest?
Written Question
1. What are the uses of mud/soil?
2. How is soil/mud made?
3. How will you know that the mud is soft or mixed or sandy?

Find Around You

1. Collect different samples of mud/soil and write their names.
2. How do a potter make vessals and toys? Find out about it & write.



155
Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 27
The Brave Warrior of Chhattisgarh
Geeta and Mohan have come to Raipur to attend a marriage at their uncle's
place. Today, they, along with their cousin Ramesh, went out to see the local
market of Raipur. They found a huge crowd at a squire. Mohan went near the
crowd to see what was happening. The people had flower garlands and wreath in
their hands and were chanting slogans in praise of a great man. A person standing
there told them that since it was 10th Dec., they were celebrating death anniversary
of the Martyr Veer Narayan Singh the worthiest son of Chhattisgarh.
About, 150 years back, Veer Narayan Singh was hanged to death. Every
year, people assemble here pay homage to the great martyr.
The people adorned his statue with garlands, wreaths and flowers. On this
occasion a man sang the following song with great enthusiasm and zeal-
The haldighati of Chhattisgarh is the soil of
sonakhan,
India's sacred pilgrim is the land of sonakhan.
Narain fought againt oppression and injustice.
He clashed with the Britishers and walked the
path of- sacrifice,
Welcoming death with a smiling face,
And was blessed with God's grace,
That is the spring of worthy sons, the soil of
sonakhan.
Sing this song together in the class. If you remember any such song, then
sing it in your class.
Which place did Veer Narayan Singh belong to?
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 The Brave Warrior of
Chattisgarh

Whom did he fight against?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write in your own words the different episodes mentioned in the poem.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Veer Narayan Singh's father, Shri Ram Rai, was the landlord of 'Sonakhan',
Which was a state on the banks of River Mahanadi. Sri Ram Rai was fearless,
generous and extremely popular amongst his people. This was not liked by the
other zamindars.
Veer Narayan Singh was born about 200 years back. After his father's death,
he took over the responsibility of his state.
Like his father, he too was fearless, generous and just. He was popular
among his people. The other zamindars were jealous of his popularity. At that time,
India was ruled by the Britishers. All the kings and landlords of the Indian state had
to give a part of their income to the Britishers. The zamindars acquired this money
from the farmers. The oppression by the Britishers were increasing in Chhattisgarh
also.
Once, there was a famine in Sonakhan. People began to die due to hunger.
Veer Narayan Singh tried his best to help his people. He took grain on credit from
the merchants and distributed to his people. Once, a merchant refused to lend him
any grain. "Narayan Singh got so furious that he broke open the lock of the
merchant's godown and distributed the grain amongst his people.
Why do you think the merchant must have refused to give his grain to Veer
Narayan Singh?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discuss in you class the problems people face during famine.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What do you think the merchant must have done after the lock was broken?
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Environmental Studies-5

The merchant lodged a complain against Narayan Singh, to an English officer.

The English, put Narayan Singh in jail on charges of dacoity.
Later, Natrayan Singh with the help of his people and soldiers, escaped
from the prison.
On reaching his state, Sonakhan, he collected an army to fight against the
Britishers.
The English too sent an army against the state of Sona Khan.

The English did not know much about this state. But, with the help of
traitors, they managed to reach Sonakhan.
A fierce battle took place in Sonakhan. Narayan Singh fought very bravely.
At one point of time, the Britishers were about to lose the battle. But, a few traitors
helped the Britishers and Narayan Singh had to leave the battle field.
Had the traitors not helped the Englishmen, what do you think must have
happened?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Narayan Singh was made a prisoner and a case was filed against him. He
was given death sentence.
This great son of Chhattisgarh was hanged to death on 10th Dec. 1857, in
Raipur. Every year, on this day, people pay homage to this great man.

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 The Brave Warrior of
Chattisgarh

What have We Learnt

Oral Questions
1. When is Veer Narayan Singh's Martyr's Day celebrated?
2. With whom did Veer Narayan Singh fight?
3. In which district of Chhattisgarh is Sonakhan?
Written Questions
1. What did Veer Narayan Singh do for his people?
2. Why was Veer Narayan Singh sentenced to death?
3. Why did the Britishers put Veer Narayan Singh in jail?

Find Around You

1. Collect information regarding heroic people of Chhattisgarh and write their
deeds.
2. Cut pictures of great men from newspapers, magazines etc. and paste it in
your copy.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 28
Punjab

Punjab is the only state of India through which five rivers flow. Punjab
means the land of five rivers. The five rivers are- Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Vyas and
Sutlej. At the time of partition, a part of Punjab was included in Pakistan whereas
the other half became a part of India. Both the new countries have Punjab as a
state. The part of Punjab that is with India has three rivers flowing through it. In this
lesson we will learn about the state of Punjab which is a part of India.
Why should a farmer not dance if he has had a bumper harvest after months
of hard work? In the picture given below you can see the most popular folk dance
of the farmers of Punjab i.e. the Bhangra. They are wearing kurtas and lungis with
coloured turbans on their heads and dancing to the beats of the 'dhol'.

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 Punjab

1. Look at the map given below and write the names of the three rivers that flow
through Punjab.
1- 2- 3-
The map of Punjab gives a lot of important information of crops, occupation
of its people and its industries.
tgk¡ nw/k dh ufn;k¡ cgrh gSa

Chandigarh

Rajasthan

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Environmental Studies-5

Land where rivers of milk flow

Punjab and its neighbouring state of Harayana are famous all over India for
their superior breed of cows and
buffaloes. The cows and buffaloes
here are well built and can give
nearly 10-12 liters of milk a day. The
milk is thick in consistency and
hence a lot of cream is taken out.
Cream is used to make butter and
ghee. As milk is plentiful, a part of
it is used in their homes and the rest
is sold to the dairies. Here milk is
pasteurize and then sold out to far
off places. Milk is also used to
prepare cheese and ghee. Due to its increasing demand, the farmers have started
rearing more and more cows and buffaloes.

What is so special about Punjab that the cows and buffaloes of Punjab give
milk in plenty. Firstly, the cows and buffaloes belong to the 'Dudharoo' breed.
Secondly, fodder, husks of rice, wheat and cotton seeds are in plenty. The cakes of
crushed cotton seeds are very nutritious.

Complete these sentences

1. The cows and buffaloes of Punjab are given cakes of crushed _______
and _______ to eat. Whereas in our state the cows are fed with _______.

2. The cows and buffaloes in Punjab give approximately _______ litres of

milk everyday. Whereas the cows and buffaloes in our state give only
_______ liters of milk.

Hills of Grain
If you wish to see hills of grain, you must visit Punjab. After the harvest, you
can see lines of trucks tractors and trolleys proceeding towards the whole sale
market. You'll get to see heaps of grain all around. Each heap is about 10-12 feet
high. Merchants from distant places come to buy it.

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 Punjab

Irrigation
There are many reasons for a good harvest in Punjab. Firstly as Punjab lies
in the northern plains, its land is very fertile. Secondly, it has proper irrigation
facilities. India's largest dam is built across the river Sutlej. The water from the
Sutlej is collected here and sent to different villages through canals.
Find out the name of this dam in the map given.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Look at the important canals which flow from this dam.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The canals here are flooded with water and look like rivers. You can see
people swimming and bathing in these canals. Electricity is also generated from
these dams and sent to different villages. Electric pumps are used to draw water
and machines like threshers are used for harvesting.

Another very important factor for a good harvest is the farmers of Punjab,
themselves. They are known for their hard work and foresight. They are keen to
adopt new methods and experiments. The farmers of Punjab were fast to adopt
hybrid seeds, organic manure, pesticides, tractors etc.

1. Look at the map and name the different crops that are grown more in
Punjab.
2. Is cotton grown in the north or south of the river Sutlej?
3. Is sugarcane found in the northern or the southern part of Punjab?
With the help of irrigation facilities, the farmers of Punjab, have 2-3 crops a year.
there is so much work in the fields all the year round that labourers from different states
come to work here.

Disadvantages of modern farming

This kind of farming has its own disadvantages. Excess water given in the
fields is fast changing the fertile land into swamps, making it infertile. The use of
pesticides has reduced the rate of production. This has also harmed drinking water,
fish, crops, vegetables etc. Its negative effects can be seen on the health of birds,
animals and the people. To save their land and water, the farmers of Punjab are
finding new ways to cope with this threat.

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Environmental Studies-5

Cities of Punjab
Amritsar
Find Amritsar on the map of Punjab situated between two rivers.
Amritsar is a well known city of Punjab. Its Golden Temple is very famous.
It is called so because it has an outer covering of gold. In the centre of a square
pond lies the temple, which shines
brightly in sunlight. There is a big
holy book kept in the temple called
'Guru Granth Sahib'. This book
contains the teachings of well
known saints like Guru Nanak,
Baba Farid, Kabir, Rai Das etc. This
book is the holy book of the sikhs
and the Golden Temple is an
important pilgrim centre for the
Sikhs. People take a holy dip in this
pond. they also go around the holy book and bow before it. Tourists from far off
place visit this place.
Ludhiana
The largest city of Punjab is Ludhiana. It has big industries. Look at the map
and find out the things manufactured in these industries. Another city of Punjab is
famous for its sports goods.
Find out the name of this city and write it below.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Between which two rivers is Amritsar located?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Do you know the special kind of wood used for making cricket bats and
hockey sticks? To make this, light weight wood is required which is obtained from
the pine trees.
1. If you happen to go to Punjab, which of the following would you get.
Encircle them.
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 Punjab

Mountains, tractor, teak forest, paddy fields, canals, ships, tiger, cycle,
coconut trees, buffalo, rocks, pine jungles.

What have We Learnt?

Oral Questions
1. Why has the state of Punjab been named so?
2. Why do the cows and buffaloes of Punjab give more milk?
3. What are the means of irrigation in Chhattisgarh?

Written Questions
1. What are the factors responsible for a good harvest in Punjab?
2. What are the disadvantages of the modern methods of cultivation?
3. Name the things manufactured in Ludhiana.
4. For what is Amritsar famous?

Find around You

1. Apart from the cities mentioned, name some other cities of Punjab and
their special features.



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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 29
Handicraft of Chhattisgarh

Carefully look at the picture given below :

Identify and name the artifacts given in the picture above.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What kind of workman ship is required to make the items look artistic?
Discuss in group and write.
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 Handicraft of Chhattisgarh

Artisans give an artistic form to the things skillfully.

There must be artisans staying in your neighbourhood-
Go and find out- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What all do they make? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Which raw material do they require to make these artifacts? --------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What do they do to make it look attractive? ---------------------------------------------------------

How much time is taken to make these things? ------------------------------------------------------

Where do they sell these things? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Do they exhibit those things?

Collect information regarding different artifacts made by different artisans,
in the table given below:

S. Name of the How is it made? What is done to make it Uses

No. artifact/item look artistic

1 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

2 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

3 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

4 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

5 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

6 &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&

The artisans of Chhattisgarh use clay, bamboo, brass, iron, wood etc. to
create beautiful artifacts. They are given different shapes and decorated with colours
and engraved flowers, leaves, birds, animals etc. This makes it look very attractive.
These artifacts are sold at a high prize in the market. The craftwork of the state of
Chattisgarh is recognized both in India and abroad.

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Environmental Studies-5

Wood Craft
Bastar Anchal is famous for producing engraved items
of wood and metal. Even a knife sickle, handle of farming
tools, wooden stool, comb, flute and other decorative items
are artistically engraved in Bastar Anchal. The sculpted doors
and pillars of houses, temples, the swing of the lord etc. are
wonderful examples of the wood craft of this place. The
wooden masks worn for folk dances are highly artistic.
You should also collect information of artifacts made
of wood and fill up the table given below:
S. No. Name of the wooden artifact Use

----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------
----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------

Terracotta Craft
Even today, Chattisgarh is famous for its clay vessels,
idols of deities, lamp stands and pots to store grain. Handicraft of Chhattisgarh

The terracotta of Bastar has a special place in craft. The images made are
related to life, nature and religion. This form of art is famous all over India.

What are the various designs made

on things of terracota?

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Metal Craftwork
Iron craft holds a special place in
traditional craft. The craftsmen of Bastar
create various pieces of art used in the
Diagram of Terracotta craft

168
 Handicraft of Chhattisgarh

worshipping of Gods and goddesses. The use of craft as decorative items is also
very popular.
People belonging to the 'Gharwa' class use brass and bronze to create various
pieces of art. The heated metal is put into moulds to create various images. This is
why it is called 'Gharwa Craft'.

Collect information on things made of metal in your village/town and fill up

the table given below:
S. No. Things made of iron Things made of brass

1 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
2 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
3 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
4 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
5 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------

Find out from your elders how designing is done on metal items?

Bamboo craft
Bamboo baskets of different shapes and sizes are used for different purposes.
They are also used in marriage and religious occasions. In Chhattisgarh, for the
purpose of wedding, artistic baskets with lid called 'Jhanpi', (A kind of artistic
basket with a lid) fan and the crown (a 'Maur') which is worn by the bride-groom,
are made.

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Environmental Studies-5

What things are made of bamboo in your surroundings? collect information

and fill up the table given below :
S. No. Name of item made with bamboo Its use

1 --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
2 --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
3 --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
4 --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
5 --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------

Rajwar Bhitti Craft

The home decoration of the Rajwar is unique in itself. Beautiful nets for
windows and courtyard are made. Apart from this, artifacts of earthern lamps,
snakes, birds/animals etc. are also made. White clay and the local colours add life
to these pieces of art. Observe houses around you. Find out the kind of painting
made on the walls of the houses. Draw any one in the space given :

Rajwar Bhitti craft

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 Handicraft of Chhattisgarh

What have We Learnt?

Oral
1. Which music is produced by the folk musical instrument made of bamboo?
2. What is terracotta craft?

Written
1. Art facts made of metal are known by which craft?
2. What all things can be made with bamboo? Name any five.
3. Name the wooden artifacts made in Bastar?
4. What all is done to make the artifact look attractive?
Match the following
Swing for the lord, handles, stools Bamboo craft
Idol of a deity, lamp stands Wood craft
Jhanpi, peacock Terracotta

Find Around You

1. Collect information on the various works of art made in your village/town.


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Environmental Studies-5

CHAPTER- 30
The Wonders of a Computer

Manglu and his mother had to go from Raipur to Bhopal after a week. He
went to the railway station with his mother, filled up a form and deposited it at the
reservation counter. The Railway Reservation Officer pressed the keys of the
keyboard and in no time produced a ticket. Manglu was surprised. How fast can a
computer give a ticket !
Manglu asked his mother - What is there in the computer that can search and
tell the berth/seat available in a coach after a week's time?
The mother told Manglu that a computer is a unique machine. You can do
many things on a computer.
Discuss with your teacher and write-
What can a computer do for us.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rani's mother works in the electricity department. Her mother told her that in
her office electricity bills are made with the help of a computer. Earlier it used to
take a lot of time to prepare these bills. But now, with the help of computers, the
work has become easier.
Is there a shop or an office in your area where there is a computer? Find out
the nature/kind of work done with the help of computers?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out from your teacher how a computer would
have helped in the making of this book?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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 The Wonders of a Computer

There is a typing machine in an office which helps in typing letters etc. OR

Can errors, while typing on a typing machine, be corrected/rectified? Find
out from your teacher.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Errors, while typing a letter on a computer, can be corrected again and again.
Memory of a Computer
A computer has a specific quality that is can save the
text, photographs, letters, songs, speeches, films etc. in its
own language. These can be repeatedly used. For e.g. a letter
typed ten years back, if saved in the computer, can easily be
obtained if required.
Ali has a computer. He has a circluar shiny disk like
thing. They are called CD and contain songs and films of
your choice. Whenever Ali's family wants to see a movie, they place the CD in the
computer and watch it.
The book you are reading has been typed on a computer. For printing this
book, all matter was saved on a CD and given to the printing press. Similarly, we
get CD's of various films and games in the market.
Parts of a Computer
Look at the different parts of a computer and tell.

Monitor
The part of the computer that shows films and the
written results on the screen is called a monitor.
Does this part of the computer look like a TV screen?
&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Monitor
Key Board
Key Board is used to work on the computers. The keys of the keyboard
have alphabets, numbers and symbols printed on
them. These keys help us to write numbers words
and sentences on a computer. You can type letters
etc. with the help of computers. The computer has a
provision of typing in different languages.
You can write in capital or small letters with the help of a computer.
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Environmental Studies-5

Mouse
As it looks like a mouse, hence, this name is
given to it. It can be used to draw pictures, point and
select the items on the computer.

CPU-The Memory box of a Computer

Attached to the monitor is a box called CPU. On

pressing its bottom, the computer starts working. It is called
the memory of the computer. All information sent by keyboard
and mouse are analysed and decoded here.

Printer
If a letter is written on a computer, it can be printed
on paper using the printer.

Speaker
There are two speakers attached to a computer. As a
speaker helps to produce sound, you can listen to the songs
and the dialogues of a film.

Computer - A store House of Information

If you have to collect information on a famous personality or a place, then
what will you do? Where will you go? Whom would you talk to?
1- -------------------------------------------------- 2- --------------------------------------------------
3- -------------------------------------------------- 4- --------------------------------------------------
Internet is a technique through which various computers of the world over
can get connected to each other. For example there is an information of Tirathgarh
in Chattisgarh on the internet. If you want pictures of Tirathgarh, you can get it
through internet. Information fed on one computer can be transferred to different
computers. You can also get information on living creatures, plant kingdom, tourist
centre, sports, politics etc. of the country and abroad with the help of internet.
Kanchan's sister appeared for class XII examination. As soon as the results
were declared, she went to a cyber cafe and within no time saw her result on the
computer.

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 The Wonders of a Computer

There is a lesson on Louis Pasteur in your book. Louis's picture has been
taken from the internet.
Do you remember, that Manglu and his mother obtained their tickets from the
computer. Had Manglu's mother wanted, she could have obtained their return tickets
from Bhopal to Raipur from Raipur itself.
Modern way of sending letters - E-mail
We write and send letter to our relatives by mail, which takes a few days to to
reach them. The same information can be sent by the internet in seconds. This is
called e-mail. It requires no phone or paper.

How to E-mail?
Champa lives in Bastar. She sent an e-mail to her uncle who lives in Calcutta.

Had Champa written a letter, she would have written the address and posted
it in the letter box.
Champa typed a letter on the computer and sent it at her uncle's e-mail
address. In no time, she received her uncle's reply. Wittin minutes both could
exchange messages.
E-mail address is always written in English. Like Champa's uncle's address
is written below : [email protected]
This address has Champa's uncle's name in the beginning. Then with the help
of keyboard is written @ then yahoo is written without leaving any space. The
yahoo named agency sends letters. When the mail account is opened, all the alphabets
are written in small letters.
Make your e-mail
There is a girl named Salma. She wants to open her mail account in yahoo.
She made her e-mail address like this-
[email protected]
Similarly, you too can make your own e-mail ID.
What should you remember while making your own e-mail ID?

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What have we learnt?
Oral
1. Where can the computers be used?
2. What is the work of the mouse of a computer?
3. What are the functions of a computer?
Written
1. Name the important parts of a computer.
2. What is the work of the keyboard?
3. How can you e-mail with the help of a computer?

4. How is a computer better than a typing machine?

Find Around You

1. What can a computer do? Find out.
2. You can draw pictures with the help of computers. Find out how? If you
get an opportunity you must try it out.
3. How has the computer affected the work in the offices? Find out.
4. Is there a cyber cafe near your house from where you can e-mail? Collect
more information on e-mail and internet.
5. Find out about other mail agencies like yahoo.



176
 CHAPTER- 31
Disaster - Management

Today the teacher in class V started discussion on flood and asked "Have
you heard about flood, earthquake etc.? You must have read about them in the
newspaper."
Flood - Have you ever seen a flood affected area? Think what all happens when
there is flood. When this is flood all the nearby areas are filled with water. Water
enters inside the house. Due to the force of water cracks develop on the walls and
the buildings fall. Our crops are destroyed or we can say there is great loss of life
and property. Our whole life is disturbed.
Accumulation of water at places for days creates puddles of dirty water
which breed diseases as malaria dengue etc.
Why does flood occur?
There are many reasons for flood -
Floods at different places have different reasons. If there are heavy rains in an area
then it will cause the amount of water in river to rise and then water of the river
overflows to the nearby areas.
Sometimes due to heavy rains the dams break which can also cause flood?
In the costal areas there is always a change in atmospheric pressure, which
causes storms in the sea and the costal area have flood.
Does flood always cause losses or does flood give any benefits too.
Along with the floods a lot of mud also arrives and gets distributed over the
plains making it more fertile
Can we control flood? Can you tell of any way to stop floods?
You know that roots of the plant hold the soil together and stop the mud from
flowing away. So trees can help in the control of floods.

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You must have seen or heard of small dams or check dams which are built
on rivers and big canals to control the flow of water. By the check dams the speed
and force of the flowing water is lessened. What are the benefits of check dams?
If there is flood how can it help in checking its effects?
Some solutions are given below. Informing the people soon about the dangers.
Shifting the people to safer areas.Arranging food, shelter and medicines in
these places for the people.
Earthquake -
Get information about the earthquake which accured in Bhuj area of Gujrat
from your elders, teacher or internet.
This earthquake on 26 January 2001 made thousands homeless at one
instance. There was much loss of life.
Why does earthquake happen?
Earthquake happens due to the heat deep inside the earth. The core of the
earth is about 30 Kilometres deep. There are many layers in it which are made of
hard and soft rocks.
When the heat increases in the earth's crust, weaker layers and the neighbouring
rocks shift their places due to which the surface of the earth have shaken or

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 Disaster - Managment

tremors. These tremors can be mild or violent. We can feel the violent ones but
the mild ones cannot be felt by anyone.
Do you know that we can measure the magnitude or intensity of earthquake?
You can measure the intensity of an earthquake on a seismograph. The magnitude
of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.
The tremors of an earthquake are quite brief but their effects are destructive
and injurious to life.
By the tremors of the earthquake the building starts shaking. Sometimes this
happens so suddenly that people doesn't get the time to came out of the building.
And people get crushed under the debris. Even big trees and electric poles are
damaged due to the earthquake. Sometimes there is fire due to breaking of electric
wires.

In places where earthquake usefully happen the houses are made of wood
why?
What must we do if an earthquake happens.
We must move to an open area.
We must sit under a table etc.
We must not stand under a tree or near an electric pole.
Think and discuss with each other -
Heavy rains can cause flood, what will happen if there is scarcity of rains?

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If there is no rainfall for a long period of time in any area then these won't be
any crop grown there. The water level in rivers, ponds and wells will go down. In
this state we say that there is a drought.
What are the causes of a drought -
Mostly droughts occur in places where there is no natural source of water
supply.
If the area is far from sea (source of water), then the intensity of the moisture
is very low in these areas. So in these areas there is less or no rainfall.
Which are places in the states of our country where droughts happen?
Farmers are the most affected due to drought. They are not able to do
farming. In this drought areas those is shortage of grains, fruits and vegetable.
There is even shortage of drinking water. Due to which people have to face many
difficulties.
Discuss -
Can we lessen the possibility of a drought?
If we plant more trees these will be more greenery, which will increase and so
these will be rainfall. If we conserve the rainwater, we can increase the ground
water level.
Earthquake, flood, droughts and such events occur suddenly and man has no
control over it. Such events are called natural calamities or disasters.
If anyone has to face natural disasters then what must one do?
• Inform about the natural disaster to maximum people.
• Help people to move to safer places.
• Obey the instructions given by the police, doctor or army men doing the
rescue work.
• Don't encourage rumours and half truths.
• During natural disaster the whole world helps in one or the other ways. Some
example are -

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 Disaster - Managment

Red Cross Society - This is a voluntary organization. It provides medical help

and money for rehabilitation.

WHO (World Health Organisation) - This organization provides facilities related

to health in those areas.

The role of doctors, police, information broadcasting system, fire bridge

department are very important.

It is necessary for doctors to reach these places immediately to provide medical

help in time.

Police must reach these places to maintain law and order.

Army men help in removing people from these accident areas. They also provide
food packets through airplanes.

Broadcasting system - Radio, Television and Newspapers provide correct

information to the public.

What have we learnt?

Oral
1. Why is it said that we must sit under something strong as a table during
earthquakes?
2. What are the problems faced during floods.
3. What must we do to avoid drought?
Written
1.What will happen if in some places-
a. there is no rains for a long period.
b. there is an earthquake
c. there is no fresh drinking water.
2.How can we help persons stranded in a flood?

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Environmental Studies-5

3.During natural disaster or any other accidents we may need the help of these
groups. To contact them in emergency write their phone/mobile numbers in
your copy. You can add other names to this list.
S.N. Name Address Phone Number
1 Fire brigade
2 Nearest Hospital
3 Ambulance
4 Police Station
5
6
7

Find Around You

Many a time people have to face such problems that there may be a great loss
of life. Many people become homeless. Write about such a disaster from a newspaper
report on the following points –
 Cause of the disaster
 Time and date
 Type of losses
Who and which organisation helped for this? You can take the help of
Newspaper, T.V. , Internet etc.

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