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Pic 16f877 & Diff

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3 views

Pic 16f877 & Diff

Uploaded by

hunteranas930
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIC 16F877 ARCHITECTURE#1.

CPU (Central Processing


Unit):PIC microcontroller’s CPU consists of Arithmetic logic
unit (ALU)/Memory unit (MU)/Control unit (CU)/Accumulator-
ALU is used for arithmetic operations and for logical decisions.
Memory is used for storing the instructions after processing.
Control unit is used to control the internal and external
peripherals which are connected to the CPU and accumulator
is used for storing the results.#2.MEMORY
ORGANIZATION:PIC microcontroller memory module
consists of mainly 3 types of memories:PROGRAM
MEMORY:It contains the written program after we burned it
in microcontroller. Program Counter executes commands
stored in the program memory, one after the other. DATA
MEMORY:It is a RAM type which is used to store the data
temporarily in its registers. The RAM memory is classified into
banks. Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes).General
Purpose Registers (GPR)Special Function Registers
(SFR)DATA EEPROM:This memory allows storing the variables
as a result of burning the written program. It is readable and
writable during normal operation (over the full VDD range).
#3. SERIAL COMMUNICATION:The transfer of one bit of data
at time consecutively over a communication channel is called
Serial Communication. There are three protocols of serial
communication: USART, SPI Protocol, I2C
Protocol.#4.INTERRUPTS:There are 20 internal interrupts and
three external interrupt sources in PIC microcontrollers which
are related with different peripherals like ADC, USART,
Timers, and CCP etc.5.I/O PORTS:Let us take PIC16 series, it
consists of five ports, such as Port A, Port B, Port C, Port D and
Port E.Port A:This port is 7-bit wide and can be used for both
input and output.Port B:It is an 8-bit port. This port also can
be used as input and output.Port C:It is also an 8-bit port and
can be used as both input and output port which is
determined by the status of the TRISC register.Port D:This 8-
bit port, unlike Port A, B and C is not an input/output port, but
is used as acts as a slave port for the connection to
the microprocessor When in I/O mode Port D all pins should
have Schmitt Trigger buffers.Port E:It is a 3-bit port which is
used as the additional feature of the control signals to the A/D
converter.#6CCP MODULE:A CCP module works in the
following three modes:Capture Mode: In this mode time is
captured when a signal is arrived, or we can say that, when
the CCP pin goes high it captures the value of the
Timer1.Compare Mode: It works same as an analog
comparator, which means that when timer 1’s value reaches
some reference value it will give an output signal.PWM
Mode: This mode provides a 10 bit resolution pulse and duty
cycle that is programmable. #7Timers: Timers and counters
are important as timers can tell the time and count. PIC
microcontroller can have up to four timers (depending upon
the family) Timer0, Timer1, Timer2 and Timer3. Timer0 and
Timer2 are of 8-bits while the Timer1 and Timer3 are of 16-
bits, which can also be used as a counter. These timers work
according to the selected modes.#8D/A CONVERTER : There
are no analog outputs in PIC Microcontroller. To get analog
output we have to use external Digital-to-Analog Converter
(DAC). It can convert 8 bits of digital number from the eight
digital outputs of PIC microcontroller.#9 A/D CONVERTER:It
converts the analog voltage levels to digital voltage values. In
PIC Microcontroller, ADC has 8-channels and has resolution of
10-bit, which means that if we have to convert an analog
voltage between 0V to 5V the converter will divide it to 2^10
levels (1024 levels).

DIFF.Machine language/Assembly language/High-level


language-1.Language consists of binary codes which specify
the operation./Language consists of mnemonics which specify
the operation./Language consists of English-like statements
which specify more than one operations.2.Processor
dependent and hence requires knowledge of internal details
of processor to write a program./Processor dependent hence
requires knowledge of internal details of processor to write a
program./Independent of processor.3.Programs require less
memory./Programs require less memory./Programs require
more memory.4.Programs have less execution
time./Programs have less execution time./Programs have
more execution time.5.Program development is
difficult./Program development is simpler than machine
language./Program development is easy.6.It is not user
friendly./It is less user friendly./It is user friendly.

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